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[RFC] Minor edits.
Fix a few typos, improve some text, streamline some text.
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ that they should not limit the design of the future features.
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This proposal adds a new scalar type for characters
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along with a new kind of literals to denote characters.
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A string is then simply as an array of characters,
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A string is then simply an array of characters,
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but this proposal also adds a new kind of literals to denote strings
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more directly than via character array construction expressions.
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Along with equality and inequality, which always apply to every Leo type,
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@ -54,10 +54,7 @@ _[TODO: Add more use cases if needed.]_
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Since strings are sequences of characters,
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a design for strings inextricably also involves a design for characters.
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Thus, we first present a design for characters, then for strings.
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After that, we discuss the relation with Leo's existing format strings.
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We conclude this design section
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with a discussion of possible future extensions.
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Thus, we first present a design for both characters and strings.
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## Characters
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@ -66,7 +63,7 @@ In accord with Leo's strong typing,
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this new type is separate from all the other scalar types.
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The set of values of type `char` is isomorphic to
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the set of Unicode code points from 0 to 10FFFFh (both inclusive).
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the set of Unicode code points from 0 to 10FFFF (both inclusive).
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That is, we support Unicode characters, more precisely code points
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(this may include some invalid code points,
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but it is simpler to allow every code point in that range).
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@ -83,13 +80,13 @@ backslashes must be escaped as well, i.e. `'\\'`
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We allow other backslash escapes
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for commonly used characters that are not otherwise easily denoted,
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namely _[TODO: Decide which other escapes we want to allow, e.g. `'\n'`.]_
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* `\n`
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* `\r`
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* `\t`
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* `\0`
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* `\'`
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* `\"`
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* `\n` for code point 10 (line feed)
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* `\r` for code point 13 (carriage return)
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* `\t` for core point 9 (horizontal tab)
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* `\0` for code point 0 (the null character)
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* `\'` for code point 39 (single quote)
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* `\"` for code point 34 (double quote)
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We also allow Unicode escapes of the form `'\u{X}'`,
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where `X` is a sequence of one to six hex digits
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(both uppercase and lowercase letters are allowed)
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@ -113,9 +110,8 @@ do we want to provide for `char` values?]_
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- [ ] is_whitespace - Returns `true` if the `char` has the `White_Space` property.
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- [ ] to_digit - Converts the `char` to the given `radix` format.
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This code sample illustrates 3 ways of defining characters: character literal, escaped symbol
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and unicode escapes as hex.
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and Unicode escapes as hex.
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```js
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function main() -> [char; 5] {
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@ -192,8 +188,9 @@ available with the existing array operations?]_
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- [ ] clear - Empties the `string`.
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- [ ] _[TODO: more?]_
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Following code shows string literal and it's actual transformation into array of
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characters as well as possible array-like operations on strings: concatenation and comparison.
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The following code shows a string literal and its actual transformation into an
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array of characters as well as possible array-like operations on strings:
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concatenation and comparison.
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```js
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function main() -> bool {
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@ -245,10 +242,10 @@ This section discusses R1CS compilation considerations
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for this proposal for characters and strings.
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Values of type `char` can be represented directly as field elements,
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since the prime of the field is (much) larger than 10FFFFh.
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since the prime of the field is (much) larger than 10FFFF.
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This is more efficient than using a bit representation of characters.
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By construction, field elements that represent `char` values
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are never above 10FFFFh.
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are never above 10FFFF.
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Note that `field` and `char` remain separate types in Leo:
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it is only in the compilation to R1CS
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that everything is reduced to field elements.
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@ -295,17 +292,18 @@ But the need to support characters and strings justifies the extra complexity.
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With the ability of Leo programs to process strings,
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it may be useful to have external tools that convert Leo strings
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to/from common formats, e.g. UTF-8.
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See the discussion of input files in the design section.
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# Alternatives
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We could avoid the new `char` type altogether,
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and instead, rely on the existing `u32` to represent Unicode code points,
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and provide character-oriented operations on `u32` values.
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(Note that both `u8` and `u16` are too small for 10FFFFh,
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(Note that both `u8` and `u16` are too small for 10FFFF,
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and that signed integer types include negative integers
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which are not Unicode code points:
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this makes `u32` the obvious choice.)
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However, many values of type `u32` are above 10FFFFh,
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However, many values of type `u32` are above 10FFFF,
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and many operations on `u32` do not really make sense on code points.
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We would probably want a notation for character literals anyhow,
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which could be (arguably mis)used for non-character unsigned integers.
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