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add flying tour, contributing
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README.md
149
README.md
@ -13,19 +13,25 @@ Leo is a functional, statically-typed programming language built for writing pri
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* [2.2a Build from Crates.io](#22a-build-from-cratesio)
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* [2.2b Build from Source Code](#22b-build-from-source-code)
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* [3. Quick Start](#3-quick-start)
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* [3.1 Zero Knowledge in One Line](#31-zero-knowledge-in-one-line)
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* [4. Flying Tour](#4-flying-tour)
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* [5. License](#5-license)
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* [4.1 Functions](#41-functions)
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* [4.2 Testing](#42-testing)
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* [4.3 Data Types](#43-data-types)
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* [4.4 Circuits](#44-circuits)
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* [4.5 Imports](#45-imports)
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* [5. Contributing](#5-contributing)
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* [6. License](#6-license)
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## 1. Overview
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Welcome to the Leo programming language.
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Leo exists to provide a simple high-level language that compiles to a rank one constraint system (R1CS) circuit. With Leo, you can write circuits to support zero-knowledge tokens, private stable coins, and decentralized marketplaces.
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Leo exists to provide a simple high-level language that compiles to a rank one constraint system (R1CS) circuit.
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With Leo, you can write circuits to support zero-knowledge tokens, private stable coins, and decentralized marketplaces.
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The syntax of Leo is influenced by JavaScript, Python, Scala, and Rust with a strong emphasis on readability and ease-of-use.
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# 2. Build Guide
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## 2. Build Guide
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### 2.1 Install Rust
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@ -59,7 +65,7 @@ leo
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### 2.2b Build from Source Code
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Alternatively, you can install snarkOS by building from the source code as follows:
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Alternatively, you can install Leo by building from the source code as follows:
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```bash
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# Download the source code
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@ -75,40 +81,131 @@ This will generate an executable under the `./target/release` directory. To run
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./target/release/leo
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```
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# 3. Quick Start
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## 3. Quick Start
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Use the Leo CLI to create a new project
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```bash
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# create a new `hello_world` Leo project
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leo new hello_world
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cd hello_world
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```
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This creates a directory with the following structure:
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```bash
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hello_world/
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├── Leo.toml # Your program manifest
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├── inputs/
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│ └── hello_world.in # Your program inputs
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└── src/
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└── main.leo # Your program file
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```
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Let's run the project.
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## 3.1 Zero Knowledge in one line
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```bash
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# build & setup & prove & verify
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leo run
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```
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This command will compile the program, generate keys for a trusted setup, fetch inputs, generate a proof and verify it.
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The `leo new` command creates a new Leo project with a given name.
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The `leo run` command will compile the main program, generate keys for a trusted setup, fetch inputs, generate a proof and verify it.
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Congratulations! You've just run your first Leo program.
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## 4. Flying Tour
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# 4. Flying Tour
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The best way to get to know Leo is by writing some code. We will fly through a high level overview of a Leo file.
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If you want to gain a deeper understanding of the Leo language, then check out the [developer docs](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/getting_started/overview)
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WIP
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# 5. License
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**Square Root Example**: Let's prove that we know the square root of a number.
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**`src/main.leo`**
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```rust // change this to leo
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function main(a: u32, b: u32) -> bool {
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return square_root(a, b)
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}
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function square_root(a: u32, b: u32) -> bool {
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return a * a == b
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}
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test function test_square_root() {
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let a: u32 = 5;
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let b: u32 = 25;
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let result = square_root(a, b);
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console.assert(result == true);
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}
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```
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### 4.1 Functions
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The `main` function is the entrypoint of a Leo program.
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`leo run` will provide private inputs directly to the function for proving and store the program result in an output file.
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The `square_root` function is called by `main` with private inputs `a` and `b` which are both unsigned `u32` integers.
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### 4.2 Testing
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A naive way to test `square_root` would be to execute `leo run` several times on different inputs and check the output of the program each time.
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Luckily, we can write unit tests in Leo using the `test function` syntax.
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In `test_square_root` we can sanity check our code without having to load in private inputs from a file every time.
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Want to upgrade your test function into an integration test?
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In Leo you can add a test context annotation that loads different sets of private inputs to make your test suite even more robust.
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The last line of `test_square_root` uses the console function `console.assert`.
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This function along with `console.log`, `console.debug`, and `console.error` provide developers with tools that are run without
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affecting the underlying constraint system.
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### 4.3 Data Types
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Leo supports boolean, unsigned integer, signed integer, field, group element, and address data types.
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Collections of data types can be created in the form of static arrays and tuples.
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### 4.4 Circuits
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**Circuits Example**
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**`src/main.leo`**
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```rust
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circuit Point {
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x: u32,
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y: u32,
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static function new() -> Self {
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return Self {
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x: 0,
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y: 0,
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}
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}
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function add() -> u32 {
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return self.x + self.y
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}
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}
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function main() {
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let mut p = Point::new();
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p.x = 4u32;
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p.y = 6u32;
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let sum = p.add();
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console.log("The sum is {}", sum);
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}
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```
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Circuits in leo are similar to structures in other object-oriented languages.
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They provide a composite data type that can store primitive values and provide functions for instantiation and computation.
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The `static` keyword modifies the `new` function so it can be called without instantiating the circuit.
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Leo introduces `Self` and `self` keywords to access circuit member values.
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### 4.5 Imports
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Imports fetch other circuits and functions and bring them into the current file scope.
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Leo supports imports for dependencies that are declared locally or in an imported package.
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Importing packages can be accomplished using the `leo add` command in the CLI.
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## 5. Contributing
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Please see our guidelines in the [developer docs](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/additional_material/contributing)
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Thank you for helping make Leo better!
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## 6. License
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[](./LICENSE.md)
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