Merge branch 'master' into feature/opti-cli-flag

2024-09-22 12:39:52 +03:00 · 2021-04-26 23:39:10 +03:00 · 2021-04-26 23:39:10 +03:00 · a1326d386e
commit a1326d386e
parent 1e1697b7fe 35619c99b4
888 changed files with 34810 additions and 5644 deletions
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@ -158,6 +158,19 @@ jobs:
            export LEO=/home/circleci/project/project/bin/leo
            ./project/.circleci/leo-add-remove.sh

+  leo-check-constraints:
+    docker:
+      - image: cimg/rust:1.50.0
+    resource_class: xlarge
+    steps:
+      - attach_workspace:
+          at: /home/circleci/project/
+      - run:
+          name: leo check constraints for Pedersen Hash
+          command: |
+            export LEO=/home/circleci/project/project/bin/leo
+            ./project/.circleci/leo-check-constraints.sh
+
  leo-login-logout:
    docker:
      - image: cimg/rust:1.51.0
@ -219,6 +232,9 @@ workflows:
      - leo-add-remove:
          requires:
            - leo-executable
+      - leo-check-constraints:
+          requires:
+            - leo-executable
      - leo-login-logout:
          requires:
            - leo-executable
--- a/.circleci/leo-check-constraints.sh
+++ b/.circleci/leo-check-constraints.sh
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# leo new hello-world
+
+cd ./project/examples/pedersen-hash
+
+export PEDERSEN_HASH_CONSTRAINTS=1539;
+
+# line that we're searching for is:
+# `Build Number of constraints - 1539`
+export ACTUAL_CONSTRAINTS=$($LEO build | grep constraints | awk '{print $NF}')
+
+# if else expression with only else block
+[[ PEDERSEN_HASH_CONSTRAINTS -eq ACTUAL_CONSTRAINTS ]] || { 
+    echo >&2 "Number of constraints for Pedersen Hash is not $PEDERSEN_HASH_CONSTRAINTS"; 
+    echo >&2 "Real number of constraints is $ACTUAL_CONSTRAINTS";
+    exit 1; 
+}
--- a/.circleci/leo-login-logout.sh
+++ b/.circleci/leo-login-logout.sh
@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 # leo login & logout

-$LEO new my-app && cd my-app || exit 1
 $LEO login -u "$ALEO_PM_USERNAME" -p "$ALEO_PM_PASSWORD"
+$LEO new my-app && cd my-app || exit 1
+
+cat Leo.toml
+
+# verify that in Leo.toml there's no line with [AUTHOR];
+# since CI does not allow showing credentials, we won't see it in the file;
+# so the only way to test is to make sure that there's just no [AUTHOR] there
+[[ $(cat Leo.toml | grep "\[AUTHOR\]" | wc -l) -eq 0 ]] || exit 1
+
 $LEO add howard/silly-sudoku
 $LEO remove silly-sudoku
 $LEO logout
--- a/.circleci/leo-new.sh
+++ b/.circleci/leo-new.sh
@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 $LEO new hello-world
 ls -la
 cd hello-world && ls -la
+
+# verify that in Leo.toml there's a placeholder for author
+# because at the time of calling `leo new` user is not logged in
+[[ $(cat Leo.toml | grep "\[AUTHOR\]" | wc -l) -eq 1 ]] || exit 1
+
 $LEO run
--- a/.circleci/r
+++ b/.circleci/r
--- a/.resources/release-version
+++ b/.resources/release-version
@ -1 +1 @@
-v1.3.0
+v1.4.0
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ version = 3

 [[package]]
 name = "abnf"
-version = "0.10.2"
+version = "0.11.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd8863e7db43447ad50376e19b0549343b72ad45cbd394b3fc8fe3ede961facc"
+checksum = "96e669320c520d87931e752d603dd442b4709c73b1b8b1fcba838f9c5acc1791"
 dependencies = [
 "abnf-core",
 "nom 6.1.2",
@ -87,6 +87,20 @@ version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "23b62fc65de8e4e7f52534fb52b0f3ed04746ae267519eef2a83941e8085068b"

+[[package]]
+name = "assert_cmd"
+version = "1.0.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f2475b58cd94eb4f70159f4fd8844ba3b807532fe3131b3373fae060bbe30396"
+dependencies = [
+ "bstr",
+ "doc-comment",
+ "predicates",
+ "predicates-core",
+ "predicates-tree",
+ "wait-timeout",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "atty"
 version = "0.2.14"
@ -138,11 +152,10 @@ checksum = "58946044516aa9dc922182e0d6e9d124a31aafe6b421614654eb27cf90cec09c"

 [[package]]
 name = "bincode"
-version = "1.3.2"
+version = "1.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d175dfa69e619905c4c3cdb7c3c203fa3bdd5d51184e3afdb2742c0280493772"
+checksum = "b1f45e9417d87227c7a56d22e471c6206462cba514c7590c09aff4cf6d1ddcad"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
 "serde",
 ]

@ -602,6 +615,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 1.0.64",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "difference"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "524cbf6897b527295dff137cec09ecf3a05f4fddffd7dfcd1585403449e74198"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.8.1"
@ -640,6 +659,18 @@ dependencies = [
 "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "doc-comment"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fea41bba32d969b513997752735605054bc0dfa92b4c56bf1189f2e174be7a10"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dtoa"
+version = "0.4.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "56899898ce76aaf4a0f24d914c97ea6ed976d42fec6ad33fcbb0a1103e07b2b0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
 version = "1.6.1"
@ -1241,7 +1272,7 @@ checksum = "830d08ce1d1d941e6b30645f1a0eb5643013d835ce3779a5fc208261dbe10f55"

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-abnf"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "abnf",
 "anyhow",
@ -1249,7 +1280,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-asg"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "criterion",
 "indexmap",
@ -1265,14 +1296,14 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-asg-passes"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "leo-asg",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-ast"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "criterion",
@ -1287,7 +1318,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-compiler"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "bincode",
 "hex",
@ -1302,8 +1333,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "leo-state",
 "num-bigint",
 "pest",
- "rand",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
 "rand_xorshift",
 "serde",
 "sha2",
@ -1315,13 +1346,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "snarkvm-r1cs",
 "snarkvm-utilities",
 "tempfile",
+ "tendril",
 "thiserror",
 "tracing",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-imports"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "indexmap",
 "leo-asg",
@ -1333,7 +1365,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-input"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "from-pest",
 "pest",
@ -1345,9 +1377,11 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-lang"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "ansi_term 0.12.1",
 "anyhow",
+ "assert_cmd",
 "clap",
 "colored",
 "console",
@ -1362,8 +1396,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "leo-state",
 "leo-synthesizer",
 "notify",
- "rand",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
 "reqwest",
 "rusty-hook",
 "self_update",
@ -1375,6 +1409,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "snarkvm-r1cs",
 "snarkvm-utilities",
 "structopt",
+ "test_dir",
 "thiserror",
 "toml",
 "tracing",
@ -1384,11 +1419,11 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-linter"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-package"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "lazy_static",
 "serde",
@ -1401,14 +1436,16 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-parser"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "criterion",
 "indexmap",
 "lazy_static",
 "leo-ast",
+ "leo-test-framework",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
+ "serde_yaml",
 "tendril",
 "thiserror",
 "tracing",
@ -1416,13 +1453,13 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-state"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "indexmap",
 "leo-ast",
 "leo-input",
- "rand",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
 "rand_xorshift",
 "snarkvm-algorithms",
 "snarkvm-curves",
@ -1434,7 +1471,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "leo-synthesizer"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 dependencies = [
 "num-bigint",
 "serde",
@ -1445,6 +1482,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "snarkvm-r1cs",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "leo-test-framework"
+version = "1.4.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_yaml",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lexical-core"
 version = "0.7.5"
@ -1498,6 +1544,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "vcpkg",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "linked-hash-map"
+version = "0.5.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7fb9b38af92608140b86b693604b9ffcc5824240a484d1ecd4795bacb2fe88f3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
 version = "0.4.2"
@ -1725,9 +1777,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "notify"
-version = "4.0.15"
+version = "4.0.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "80ae4a7688d1fab81c5bf19c64fc8db920be8d519ce6336ed4e7efe024724dbd"
+checksum = "2599080e87c9bd051ddb11b10074f4da7b1223298df65d4c2ec5bcf309af1533"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags",
 "filetime",
@ -2024,6 +2076,32 @@ version = "0.2.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ac74c624d6b2d21f425f752262f42188365d7b8ff1aff74c82e45136510a4857"

+[[package]]
+name = "predicates"
+version = "1.0.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eeb433456c1a57cc93554dea3ce40b4c19c4057e41c55d4a0f3d84ea71c325aa"
+dependencies = [
+ "difference",
+ "predicates-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "predicates-core"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "57e35a3326b75e49aa85f5dc6ec15b41108cf5aee58eabb1f274dd18b73c2451"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "predicates-tree"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "15f553275e5721409451eb85e15fd9a860a6e5ab4496eb215987502b5f5391f2"
+dependencies = [
+ "predicates-core",
+ "treeline",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro-crate"
 version = "0.1.5"
@ -2114,6 +2192,19 @@ version = "0.5.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "941ba9d78d8e2f7ce474c015eea4d9c6d25b6a3327f9832ee29a4de27f91bbb8"

+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.7.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6a6b1679d49b24bbfe0c803429aa1874472f50d9b363131f0e89fc356b544d03"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.1.16",
+ "libc",
+ "rand_chacha 0.2.2",
+ "rand_core 0.5.1",
+ "rand_hc 0.2.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.8.3"
@ -2121,9 +2212,19 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0ef9e7e66b4468674bfcb0c81af8b7fa0bb154fa9f28eb840da5c447baeb8d7e"
 dependencies = [
 "libc",
- "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
- "rand_hc",
+ "rand_chacha 0.3.0",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
+ "rand_hc 0.3.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_chacha"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f4c8ed856279c9737206bf725bf36935d8666ead7aa69b52be55af369d193402"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
+ "rand_core 0.5.1",
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -2133,7 +2234,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e12735cf05c9e10bf21534da50a147b924d555dc7a547c42e6bb2d5b6017ae0d"
 dependencies = [
 "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "90bde5296fc891b0cef12a6d03ddccc162ce7b2aff54160af9338f8d40df6d19"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.1.16",
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -2145,13 +2255,22 @@ dependencies = [
 "getrandom 0.2.2",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "rand_hc"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ca3129af7b92a17112d59ad498c6f81eaf463253766b90396d39ea7a39d6613c"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_core 0.5.1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_hc"
 version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3190ef7066a446f2e7f42e239d161e905420ccab01eb967c9eb27d21b2322a73"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -2160,7 +2279,7 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d25bf25ec5ae4a3f1b92f929810509a2f53d7dca2f50b794ff57e3face536c8f"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -2252,9 +2371,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "reqwest"
-version = "0.11.2"
+version = "0.11.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bf12057f289428dbf5c591c74bf10392e4a8003f993405a902f20117019022d4"
+checksum = "2296f2fac53979e8ccbc4a1136b25dcefd37be9ed7e4a1f6b05a6029c84ff124"
 dependencies = [
 "base64",
 "bytes",
@ -2508,6 +2627,18 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "serde_yaml"
+version = "0.8.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "15654ed4ab61726bf918a39cb8d98a2e2995b002387807fa6ba58fdf7f59bb23"
+dependencies = [
+ "dtoa",
+ "linked-hash-map",
+ "serde",
+ "yaml-rust",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sha-1"
 version = "0.8.2"
@ -2579,8 +2710,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "derivative",
 "digest 0.9.0",
 "itertools 0.10.0",
- "rand",
- "rand_chacha",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
+ "rand_chacha 0.3.0",
 "rayon",
 "sha2",
 "smallvec",
@ -2599,7 +2730,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "64610b135b8b1152439d5dfa4f745515933366082f08651961344aa0bb5abfca"
 dependencies = [
 "derivative",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
 "rand_xorshift",
 "rustc_version 0.3.3",
 "serde",
@ -2634,7 +2765,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "derivative",
 "hex",
 "itertools 0.10.0",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
 "snarkvm-algorithms",
 "snarkvm-curves",
 "snarkvm-fields",
@ -2655,7 +2786,7 @@ checksum = "8c49c69d02df11be58e07f626c9d6f5804c6dd4ccf42e425f2be8d79fe6e5bb7"
 dependencies = [
 "bincode",
 "derivative",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
 "rand_xorshift",
 "serde",
 "snarkvm-utilities",
@ -2690,7 +2821,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "chrono",
 "hex",
 "once_cell",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
 "serde",
 "sha2",
 "snarkvm-algorithms",
@ -2744,7 +2875,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "bincode",
 "hex",
 "parking_lot",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
 "rocksdb",
 "serde",
 "snarkvm-algorithms",
@ -2762,7 +2893,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c763843fa67a3aa4ce68173c8cd96b4f04aaa135a5792bc051c36eec0fe1cd73"
 dependencies = [
 "bincode",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
 "snarkvm-derives",
 "thiserror",
 ]
@ -2868,7 +2999,7 @@ checksum = "dac1c663cfc93810f88aed9b8941d48cabf856a1b111c29a40439018d870eb22"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 "libc",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
 "redox_syscall 0.2.5",
 "remove_dir_all",
 "winapi 0.3.9",
@ -2904,6 +3035,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "test_dir"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e571ebf9127a9da821890a9fa8a8ef777fce3e0f959ff6949cf06ca8b736381d"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand 0.7.3",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "textwrap"
 version = "0.11.0"
@ -3116,6 +3256,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "tracing-serde",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "treeline"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a7f741b240f1a48843f9b8e0444fb55fb2a4ff67293b50a9179dfd5ea67f8d41"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "try-lock"
 version = "0.2.3"
@ -3233,6 +3379,15 @@ version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6a02e4885ed3bc0f2de90ea6dd45ebcbb66dacffe03547fadbb0eeae2770887d"

+[[package]]
+name = "wait-timeout"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9f200f5b12eb75f8c1ed65abd4b2db8a6e1b138a20de009dacee265a2498f3f6"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "walkdir"
 version = "2.3.2"
@ -3422,10 +3577,19 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "85e60b0d1b5f99db2556934e21937020776a5d31520bf169e851ac44e6420214"

 [[package]]
-name = "zip"
-version = "0.5.10"
+name = "yaml-rust"
+version = "0.4.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5a8977234acab718eb2820494b2f96cbb16004c19dddf88b7445b27381450997"
+checksum = "56c1936c4cc7a1c9ab21a1ebb602eb942ba868cbd44a99cb7cdc5892335e1c85"
+dependencies = [
+ "linked-hash-map",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zip"
+version = "0.5.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9c83dc9b784d252127720168abd71ea82bf8c3d96b17dc565b5e2a02854f2b27"
 dependencies = [
 "byteorder",
 "bzip2",
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "leo-lang"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 authors = [ "The Aleo Team <hello@aleo.org>" ]
 description = "The Leo programming language"
 homepage = "https://aleo.org"
@ -37,36 +37,37 @@ members = [
  "package",
  "parser",
  "state",
-  "synthesizer"
+  "synthesizer",
+  "test-framework"
 ]

 [dependencies.leo-ast]
 path = "./ast"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-compiler]
 path = "./compiler"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-imports]
 path = "./imports"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-input]
 path = "./input"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-package]
 path = "./package"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-state]
 path = "./state"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-synthesizer]
 path = "./synthesizer"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.snarkvm-algorithms]
 version = "0.2.2"
@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.notify]
-version = "4.0.15"
+version = "4.0.16"

 [dependencies.rand]
 version = "0.8"
@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ version = "0.8"
 version = "0.6.2"

 [dependencies.reqwest]
-version = "0.11.2"
+version = "0.11.3"
 features = [ "blocking", "json", "multipart" ]

 [dependencies.self_update]
@ -150,9 +151,18 @@ features = [ "fmt" ]
 [dependencies.zip]
 version = "0.5"

+[target."cfg(windows)".dependencies.ansi_term]
+version = "0.12.1"
+
 [dev-dependencies.rusty-hook]
 version = "0.11.2"

+[dev-dependencies.assert_cmd]
+version = "1.0.3"
+
+[dev-dependencies.test_dir]
+version = "0.1.0"
+
 [features]
 default = [ ]
 ci_skip = [ "leo-compiler/ci_skip" ]
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ This will generate an executable under the `./target/release` directory. To run
 Use the Leo CLI to create a new project

 ```bash
-# create a new `hello_world` Leo project
-leo new hello_world
-cd hello_world
+# create a new `hello-world` Leo project
+leo new hello-world
+cd hello-world

 # build & setup & prove & verify
 leo run
@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ Congratulations! You've just run your first Leo program.

 * [Hello World - Next Steps](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/getting_started/hello_world)
 * [Leo Language Documentation](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/language/layout)
+* [Leo ABNF Grammar](./grammar/README.md)
 * [Leo CLI Documentation](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/cli/new)
 * [Homepage](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/getting_started/overview)

--- a/asg-passes/Cargo.toml
+++ b/asg-passes/Cargo.toml
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "leo-asg-passes"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 authors = [ "The Aleo Team <hello@aleo.org>" ]
 description = "The Leo programming language"
 homepage = "https://aleo.org"
@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"

 [dependencies.leo-asg]
 path = "../asg"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
--- a/asg/Cargo.toml
+++ b/asg/Cargo.toml
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "leo-asg"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 authors = [ "The Aleo Team <hello@aleo.org>" ]
 description = "ASG of the Leo programming language"
 homepage = "https://aleo.org"
@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ version = "1.6"
 version = "1.0"

 [dependencies.leo-ast]
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 path = "../ast"

 [dependencies.leo-parser]
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 path = "../parser"

 [dependencies.num-bigint]
--- a/asg/src/checks/return_path.rs
+++ b/asg/src/checks/return_path.rs
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl<'a> MonoidalReducerStatement<'a, BoolAnd> for ReturnPathReducer {
        if_true.append(if_false.unwrap_or(BoolAnd(false)))
    }

-    fn reduce_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormattedString, parameters: Vec<BoolAnd>) -> BoolAnd {
+    fn reduce_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormatString, parameters: Vec<BoolAnd>) -> BoolAnd {
        BoolAnd(false)
    }

--- a/asg/src/expression/call.rs
+++ b/asg/src/expression/call.rs
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl<'a> ExpressionNode<'a> for CallExpression<'a> {
    }

    fn is_mut_ref(&self) -> bool {
-        false
+        true
    }

    fn const_value(&self) -> Option<ConstValue> {
--- a/asg/src/expression/variable_ref.rs
+++ b/asg/src/expression/variable_ref.rs
@ -137,13 +137,6 @@ impl<'a> FromAst<'a, leo_ast::Identifier> for &'a Expression<'a> {
        expected_type: Option<PartialType<'a>>,
    ) -> Result<&'a Expression<'a>, AsgConvertError> {
        let variable = if value.name.as_ref() == "input" {
-            if let Some(function) = scope.resolve_current_function() {
-                if !function.has_input {
-                    return Err(AsgConvertError::unresolved_reference(&value.name, &value.span));
-                }
-            } else {
-                return Err(AsgConvertError::unresolved_reference(&value.name, &value.span));
-            }
            if let Some(input) = scope.resolve_input() {
                input.container
            } else {
--- a/asg/src/prelude.rs
+++ b/asg/src/prelude.rs
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub fn resolve_core_module<'a>(context: AsgContext<'a>, module: &str) -> Result<
                r#"
                circuit Blake2s {
                    function hash(seed: [u8; 32], message: [u8; 32]) -> [u8; 32] {
-                        return [0; 32]
+                        return [0; 32];
                    }
                }
                "#,
--- a/asg/src/program/function.rs
+++ b/asg/src/program/function.rs
@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ pub struct Function<'a> {
    pub id: u32,
    pub name: RefCell<Identifier>,
    pub output: Type<'a>,
-    pub has_input: bool,
    pub arguments: IndexMap<String, Cell<&'a Variable<'a>>>,
    pub circuit: Cell<Option<&'a Circuit<'a>>>,
    pub span: Option<Span>,
@ -77,16 +76,12 @@ impl<'a> Function<'a> {
            .transpose()?
            .unwrap_or_else(|| Type::Tuple(vec![]));
        let mut qualifier = FunctionQualifier::Static;
-        let mut has_input = false;
        let new_scope = scope.make_subscope();

        let mut arguments = IndexMap::new();
        {
            for input in value.input.iter() {
                match input {
-                    FunctionInput::InputKeyword(_) => {
-                        has_input = true;
-                    }
                    FunctionInput::SelfKeyword(_) => {
                        qualifier = FunctionQualifier::SelfRef;
                    }
@ -125,7 +120,6 @@ impl<'a> Function<'a> {
            id: scope.context.get_id(),
            name: RefCell::new(value.identifier.clone()),
            output,
-            has_input,
            arguments,
            circuit: Cell::new(None),
            body: Cell::new(None),
--- a/asg/src/reducer/monoidal_director.rs
+++ b/asg/src/reducer/monoidal_director.rs
@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ impl<'a, T: Monoid, R: MonoidalReducerStatement<'a, T>> MonoidalDirector<'a, T,
            .reduce_conditional_statement(input, condition, if_true, if_false)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormattedString<'a>) -> T {
+    pub fn reduce_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormatString<'a>) -> T {
        let parameters = input
            .parameters
            .iter()
--- a/asg/src/reducer/monoidal_reducer.rs
+++ b/asg/src/reducer/monoidal_reducer.rs
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ pub trait MonoidalReducerStatement<'a, T: Monoid>: MonoidalReducerExpression<'a,
        condition.append(if_true).append_option(if_false)
    }

-    fn reduce_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormattedString<'a>, parameters: Vec<T>) -> T {
+    fn reduce_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormatString<'a>, parameters: Vec<T>) -> T {
        T::default().append_all(parameters.into_iter())
    }

--- a/asg/src/reducer/reconstructing_director.rs
+++ b/asg/src/reducer/reconstructing_director.rs
@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ impl<'a, R: ReconstructingReducerStatement<'a>> ReconstructingDirector<'a, R> {
            .reduce_conditional_statement(input, condition, if_true, if_false)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_formatted_string(&mut self, input: FormattedString<'a>) -> FormattedString<'a> {
+    pub fn reduce_formatted_string(&mut self, input: FormatString<'a>) -> FormatString<'a> {
        let parameters = input
            .parameters
            .iter()
--- a/asg/src/reducer/reconstructing_reducer.rs
+++ b/asg/src/reducer/reconstructing_reducer.rs
@ -274,10 +274,10 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducerStatement<'a>: ReconstructingReducerExpression<'a

    fn reduce_formatted_string(
        &mut self,
-        input: FormattedString<'a>,
+        input: FormatString<'a>,
        parameters: Vec<&'a Expression<'a>>,
-    ) -> FormattedString<'a> {
-        FormattedString {
+    ) -> FormatString<'a> {
+        FormatString {
            span: input.span,
            parts: input.parts,
            parameters: parameters.into_iter().map(Cell::new).collect(),
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducerStatement<'a>: ReconstructingReducerExpression<'a
        })
    }

-    fn reduce_console_log(&mut self, input: ConsoleStatement<'a>, argument: FormattedString<'a>) -> Statement<'a> {
+    fn reduce_console_log(&mut self, input: ConsoleStatement<'a>, argument: FormatString<'a>) -> Statement<'a> {
        assert!(!matches!(input.function, ConsoleFunction::Assert(_)));
        Statement::Console(ConsoleStatement {
            parent: input.parent,
--- a/asg/src/reducer/visitor.rs
+++ b/asg/src/reducer/visitor.rs
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub trait StatementVisitor<'a>: ExpressionVisitor<'a> {
        Default::default()
    }

-    fn visit_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormattedString<'a>) -> VisitResult {
+    fn visit_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormatString<'a>) -> VisitResult {
        Default::default()
    }

--- a/asg/src/reducer/visitor_director.rs
+++ b/asg/src/reducer/visitor_director.rs
@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ impl<'a, R: StatementVisitor<'a>> VisitorDirector<'a, R> {
        }
    }

-    pub fn visit_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormattedString<'a>) -> ConcreteVisitResult {
+    pub fn visit_formatted_string(&mut self, input: &FormatString<'a>) -> ConcreteVisitResult {
        match self.visitor.visit_formatted_string(input) {
            VisitResult::VisitChildren => {
                for parameter in input.parameters.iter() {
--- a/asg/src/statement/assign.rs
+++ b/asg/src/statement/assign.rs
@ -70,13 +70,6 @@ impl<'a> FromAst<'a, leo_ast::AssignStatement> for &'a Statement<'a> {
        let (name, span) = (&statement.assignee.identifier.name, &statement.assignee.identifier.span);

        let variable = if name.as_ref() == "input" {
-            if let Some(function) = scope.resolve_current_function() {
-                if !function.has_input {
-                    return Err(AsgConvertError::unresolved_reference(name, &span));
-                }
-            } else {
-                return Err(AsgConvertError::unresolved_reference(name, &span));
-            }
            if let Some(input) = scope.resolve_input() {
                input.container
            } else {
--- a/asg/src/statement/console.rs
+++ b/asg/src/statement/console.rs
@ -15,14 +15,14 @@
 // along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 use crate::{AsgConvertError, Expression, FromAst, Node, PartialType, Scope, Span, Statement, Type};
-use leo_ast::{ConsoleFunction as AstConsoleFunction, FormattedStringPart};
+use leo_ast::{ConsoleFunction as AstConsoleFunction, FormatStringPart};

 use std::cell::Cell;

 // TODO (protryon): Refactor to not require/depend on span
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct FormattedString<'a> {
-    pub parts: Vec<FormattedStringPart>,
+pub struct FormatString<'a> {
+    pub parts: Vec<FormatStringPart>,
    pub parameters: Vec<Cell<&'a Expression<'a>>>,
    pub span: Span,
 }
@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ pub struct FormattedString<'a> {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum ConsoleFunction<'a> {
    Assert(Cell<&'a Expression<'a>>),
-    Debug(FormattedString<'a>),
-    Error(FormattedString<'a>),
-    Log(FormattedString<'a>),
+    Debug(FormatString<'a>),
+    Error(FormatString<'a>),
+    Log(FormatString<'a>),
 }

 #[derive(Clone)]
@ -48,16 +48,16 @@ impl<'a> Node for ConsoleStatement<'a> {
    }
 }

-impl<'a> FromAst<'a, leo_ast::FormattedString> for FormattedString<'a> {
+impl<'a> FromAst<'a, leo_ast::FormatString> for FormatString<'a> {
    fn from_ast(
        scope: &'a Scope<'a>,
-        value: &leo_ast::FormattedString,
+        value: &leo_ast::FormatString,
        _expected_type: Option<PartialType<'a>>,
    ) -> Result<Self, AsgConvertError> {
        let expected_param_len = value
            .parts
            .iter()
-            .filter(|x| matches!(x, FormattedStringPart::Container))
+            .filter(|x| matches!(x, FormatStringPart::Container))
            .count();
        if value.parameters.len() != expected_param_len {
            // + 1 for formatting string as to not confuse user
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl<'a> FromAst<'a, leo_ast::FormattedString> for FormattedString<'a> {
        for parameter in value.parameters.iter() {
            parameters.push(Cell::new(<&Expression<'a>>::from_ast(scope, parameter, None)?));
        }
-        Ok(FormattedString {
+        Ok(FormatString {
            parts: value.parts.clone(),
            parameters,
            span: value.span.clone(),
@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ impl<'a> FromAst<'a, leo_ast::FormattedString> for FormattedString<'a> {
    }
 }

-impl<'a> Into<leo_ast::FormattedString> for &FormattedString<'a> {
-    fn into(self) -> leo_ast::FormattedString {
-        leo_ast::FormattedString {
+impl<'a> Into<leo_ast::FormatString> for &FormatString<'a> {
+    fn into(self) -> leo_ast::FormatString {
+        leo_ast::FormatString {
            parts: self.parts.clone(),
            parameters: self.parameters.iter().map(|e| e.get().into()).collect(),
            span: self.span.clone(),
@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ impl<'a> FromAst<'a, leo_ast::ConsoleStatement> for ConsoleStatement<'a> {
                    <&Expression<'a>>::from_ast(scope, expression, Some(Type::Boolean.into()))?,
                )),
                AstConsoleFunction::Debug(formatted_string) => {
-                    ConsoleFunction::Debug(FormattedString::from_ast(scope, formatted_string, None)?)
+                    ConsoleFunction::Debug(FormatString::from_ast(scope, formatted_string, None)?)
                }
                AstConsoleFunction::Error(formatted_string) => {
-                    ConsoleFunction::Error(FormattedString::from_ast(scope, formatted_string, None)?)
+                    ConsoleFunction::Error(FormatString::from_ast(scope, formatted_string, None)?)
                }
                AstConsoleFunction::Log(formatted_string) => {
-                    ConsoleFunction::Log(FormattedString::from_ast(scope, formatted_string, None)?)
+                    ConsoleFunction::Log(FormatString::from_ast(scope, formatted_string, None)?)
                }
            },
        })
--- a/asg/src/statement/iteration.rs
+++ b/asg/src/statement/iteration.rs
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl<'a> FromAst<'a, leo_ast::IterationStatement> for &'a Statement<'a> {
        statement: &leo_ast::IterationStatement,
        _expected_type: Option<PartialType<'a>>,
    ) -> Result<Self, AsgConvertError> {
-        let expected_index_type = Some(PartialType::Integer(None, Some(IntegerType::U32)));
+        let expected_index_type = Some(PartialType::Integer(Some(IntegerType::U32), None));
        let start = <&Expression<'a>>::from_ast(scope, &statement.start, expected_index_type.clone())?;
        let stop = <&Expression<'a>>::from_ast(scope, &statement.stop, expected_index_type)?;

--- a/asg/tests/fail/circuits/member_function_fail.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/circuits/member_function_fail.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 circuit Foo {
    function echo(x: u32) -> u32 {
-        return x
+        return x;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/fail/circuits/member_function_invalid.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/circuits/member_function_invalid.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 circuit Foo {
    function echo(x: u32) -> u32 {
-        return x
+        return x;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/fail/circuits/member_static_function_invalid.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/circuits/member_static_function_invalid.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 circuit Foo {
    function echo(x: u32) -> u32 {
-        return x
+        return x;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/fail/circuits/member_static_function_undefined.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/circuits/member_static_function_undefined.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 circuit Foo {
    function echo(x: u32) -> u32 {
-        return x
+        return x;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/fail/circuits/mod.rs
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/circuits/mod.rs
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ fn test_mut_member_function_fail() {
    let program_string = r#"
        circuit Foo {
            function echo(mut self, x: u32) -> u32 {
-                return x
+                return x;
            }
        }
        
--- a/asg/tests/fail/circuits/self_member_invalid.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/circuits/self_member_invalid.leo
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ circuit Foo {
    f: u32,

    function bar() -> u32 {
-        return f
+        return f;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/fail/circuits/self_member_undefined.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/circuits/self_member_undefined.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 circuit Foo {
    function bar() -> u32 {
-        return self.f
+        return self.f;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/fail/function/multiple_returns_fail.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/function/multiple_returns_fail.leo
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 function main () -> i8 {
    if true {
-        return 1i8   //ignored
+        return 1i8;   //ignored
    }
-    return 2i8       //ignored
-    return 3i8       //returns
+    return 2i8;       //ignored
+    return 3i8;       //returns
 }
--- a/asg/tests/fail/function/multiple_returns_fail_conditional.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/function/multiple_returns_fail_conditional.leo
@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ function main () -> u16 {
    if false {
        const a = 1u16;
        const b = a + 1u16;
-        return b
+        return b;
    } else if false {
-        return 0u16
+        return 0u16;
    }
 }
--- a/asg/tests/fail/function/multiple_returns_input_ambiguous.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/function/multiple_returns_input_ambiguous.leo
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 function main(input) -> u32 {
    if input.registers.a == 0 {
-        return 0u32
+        return 0u32;
    } else {
-        return 1u32
+        return 1u32;
    }
 }
--- a/asg/tests/fail/function/scope_fail.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/function/scope_fail.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 function foo() -> field {
-    return myGlobal
+    return myGlobal;
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/fail/statements/num_returns_fail.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/fail/statements/num_returns_fail.leo
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 function main() -> (bool, bool) {
-    return true
+    return true;
 }
--- a/asg/tests/pass/address/console_assert_pass.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/address/console_assert_pass.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 function main() {
-    const address_1 = address(aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8);
-    const address_2 = address(aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8);
+    const address_1 = aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8;
+    const address_2 = aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8;

    console.assert(address_1 == address_2);
 }
--- a/asg/tests/pass/address/input.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/address/input.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 function main(owner: address) {
-    const sender = address(aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8);
+    const sender = aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8;

    console.assert(owner == sender);
 }
--- a/asg/tests/pass/address/ternary.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/address/ternary.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 function main(s: bool, c: address) {
-    const a = address(aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8);
-    const b = address(aleo18qgam03qe483tdrcc3fkqwpp38ehff4a2xma6lu7hams6lfpgcpq3dq05r);
+    const a = aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8;
+    const b = aleo18qgam03qe483tdrcc3fkqwpp38ehff4a2xma6lu7hams6lfpgcpq3dq05r;

    const r = s? a: b;

--- a/asg/tests/pass/address/valid.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/address/valid.leo
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 function main() {
-    const public_key_string = address(aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8);
+    const public_key_string = aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8;
 }
--- a/asg/tests/pass/array/registers.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/array/registers.leo
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-function main(input) -> [u8; 3] {
-    return input.registers.r
-}
+function main() -> [u8; 3] {
+    return input.registers.r;
+}
--- a/asg/tests/pass/boolean/output_register.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/boolean/output_register.leo
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-function main(input) -> bool {
-    return input.registers.r
-}
+function main() -> bool {
+    return input.registers.r;
+}
--- a/asg/tests/pass/circuits/member_function.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/circuits/member_function.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 circuit Foo {
    function echo(self, x: u32) -> u32 {
-        return x
+        return x;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/pass/circuits/member_function_nested.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/circuits/member_function_nested.leo
@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ circuit Foo {
    x: u32,

    function add_x(self, y: u32) -> u32 {
-        return self.x + y
+        return self.x + y;
    }

    function call_add_x(self, y: u32) -> u32 {
-        return self.add_x(y)
+        return self.add_x(y);
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/pass/circuits/member_static_function.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/circuits/member_static_function.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 circuit Foo {
    function echo(x: u32) -> u32 {
-        return x
+        return x;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/pass/circuits/member_variable_and_function.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/circuits/member_variable_and_function.leo
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ circuit Foo {
    foo: u32,

    function bar() -> u32 {
-        return 1u32
+        return 1u32;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/pass/circuits/mod.rs
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/circuits/mod.rs
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ fn test_mut_member_function() {
    let program_string = r#"
        circuit Foo {
            function echo(mut self, x: u32) -> u32 {
-                return x
+                return x;
            }
        }
        
--- a/asg/tests/pass/circuits/pedersen_mock.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/circuits/pedersen_mock.leo
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ circuit PedersenHash {
    parameters: [u32; 512]

    function new(parameters: [u32; 512]) -> Self {
-        return Self { parameters: parameters }
+        return Self { parameters: parameters };
    }

    function hash(self, bits: [bool; 512]) -> u32 {
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ circuit PedersenHash {
            const base = bits[i] ? self.parameters[i] : 0u32;
            digest += base;
        }
-        return digest
+        return digest;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/pass/circuits/self_circuit.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/circuits/self_circuit.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 circuit Foo {
    static function new() -> Self {
-        return Self { }
+        return Self { };
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/pass/circuits/self_member.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/circuits/self_member.leo
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ circuit Foo {
    f: u32,

    function bar(self) -> u32 {
-        return self.f
+        return self.f;
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/pass/core/blake2s_input.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/core/blake2s_input.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import core.unstable.blake2s.Blake2s;

 function main(seed: [u8; 32], message: [u8; 32]) -> [u8; 32] {
-    return Blake2s::hash(seed, message)
+    return Blake2s::hash(seed, message);
 }
--- a/asg/tests/pass/form_ast.rs
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/form_ast.rs
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ fn test_function_rename() {
            a += 1;
        }
    
-        return a
+        return a;
    }
    
    function main() {
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ fn test_imports() {
    }
    
    function foo() -> u32 {
-      return 1u32
+      return 1u32;
    }
  "#;
    imports
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/iteration.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/iteration.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 function one() -> u32 {
-    return 1u32
+    return 1u32;
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/iteration_repeated.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/iteration_repeated.leo
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ function iteration() -> u32 {
        a += 1;
    }

-    return a
+    return a;
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/mod.rs
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/mod.rs
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fn test_iteration() {
 fn test_const_args() {
    let program_string = r#"
    function one(const value: u32) -> u32 {
-        return value + 1
+        return value + 1;
    }
    
    function main() {
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ fn test_const_args() {
 fn test_const_args_used() {
    let program_string = r#"
    function index(arr: [u8; 3], const value: u32) -> u8 {
-        return arr[value]
+        return arr[value];
    }
    
    function main() {
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ fn test_const_args_used() {
 fn test_const_args_fail() {
    let program_string = r#"
    function index(arr: [u8; 3], const value: u32) -> u8 {
-        return arr[value]
+        return arr[value];
    }
    
    function main(x_value: u32) {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/multiple_returns.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/multiple_returns.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 function tuple() -> (bool, bool) {
-    return (true, false)
+    return (true, false);
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/multiple_returns_main.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/multiple_returns_main.leo
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-function main(input) -> (bool, bool) {
-    return (input.registers.a, input.registers.b)
-}
+function main() -> (bool, bool) {
+    return (input.registers.a, input.registers.b);
+}
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/newlines.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/newlines.leo
@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ function main(
    u32,
    u32,
 ) {
-    return (a, b)
+    return (a, b);
 }
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/repeated.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/repeated.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 function one() -> bool {
-    return true
+    return true;
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/return.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/return.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 function one() -> u32 {
-    return 1u32
+    return 1u32;
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/return_array_nested_pass.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/return_array_nested_pass.leo
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 function array_3x2_nested() -> [[u8; 2]; 3] {
-    return [[0u8; 2]; 3]
+    return [[0u8; 2]; 3];
 }

 function array_3x2_tuple() -> [[u8; 2]; 3] {
-    return [0u8; (3, 2)]
+    return [0u8; (3, 2)];
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/return_array_tuple_pass.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/return_array_tuple_pass.leo
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 function array_3x2_nested() -> [u8; (3, 2)] {
-    return [[0u8; 2]; 3]
+    return [[0u8; 2]; 3];
 }

 function array_3x2_tuple() -> [u8; (3, 2)] {
-    return [0u8; (3, 2)]
+    return [0u8; (3, 2)];
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/return_tuple.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/return_tuple.leo
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ function tuples() -> ((u8, u8), u32) {
    const a: (u8, u8) = (1, 2);
    const b: u32 = 3;

-    return (a, b)
+    return (a, b);
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/function/return_tuple_conditional.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/function/return_tuple_conditional.leo
@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ function tuple_conditional () -> (
    i64
 ) {
    if true {
-        return (1, 1)
+        return (1, 1);
    } else {
-        return (2, 2)
+        return (2, 2);
    }
 }

--- a/asg/tests/pass/import/src/test-import.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/import/src/test-import.leo
@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ circuit Point {
 }

 function foo() -> u32 {
-  return 1u32
+  return 1u32;
 }
--- a/asg/tests/pass/input_files/program_input_and_program_state/access.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/input_files/program_input_and_program_state/access.leo
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-function main(input, data: [u8; 32]) {
+function main(data: [u8; 32]) {
    console.assert(input.registers.value_balance == 0u64);

    console.assert(input.state.leaf_index == 0u32);
--- a/asg/tests/pass/input_files/program_state/access_all.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/input_files/program_state/access_all.leo
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-function main(input) {
+function main() {
    console.assert(input.state.root == [0u8; 32]);

    const expected: address = aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8;
--- a/asg/tests/pass/input_files/program_state/access_state.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/input_files/program_state/access_state.leo
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-function main(input) {
+function main() {
    console.assert(input.state.root == [0u8; 32]);
 }
--- a/asg/tests/pass/mutability/swap.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/mutability/swap.leo
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ function swap(a: [u32; 2], const i: u32, const j: u32) -> [u32; 2] {
    const t = a[i];
    a[i] = a[j];
    a[j] = t;
-    return a
+    return a;
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/statements/conditional/multiple_returns.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/statements/conditional/multiple_returns.leo
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-function main(input) -> u32 {
+function main() -> u32 {
    if input.registers.a == 0u32 {
-        return 0u32
+        return 0u32;
    } else {
-        return 1u32
+        return 1u32;
    }
 }
--- a/asg/tests/pass/tuples/function.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/tuples/function.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 function foo() -> (bool, bool) {
-    return (true, false)
+    return (true, false);
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/tuples/function_multiple.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/tuples/function_multiple.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 function foo() -> (bool, bool) {
-    return (true, false)
+    return (true, false);
 }

 function main() {
--- a/asg/tests/pass/tuples/function_typed.leo
+++ b/asg/tests/pass/tuples/function_typed.leo
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 function foo() -> (bool, bool) {
-    return (true, false)
+    return (true, false);
 }

 function main() {
--- a/ast/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ast/Cargo.toml
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "leo-ast"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 authors = [ "The Aleo Team <hello@aleo.org>" ]
 description = "Core AST of the Leo programming language"
 homepage = "https://aleo.org"
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ edition = "2018"

 [dependencies.leo-input]
 path = "../input"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.indexmap]
 version = "1.6.2"
--- a/ast/src/common/mod.rs
+++ b/ast/src/common/mod.rs
@ -23,9 +23,6 @@ pub use const_self_keyword::*;
 pub mod identifier;
 pub use identifier::*;

-pub mod input_keyword;
-pub use input_keyword::*;
-
 pub mod mut_self_keyword;
 pub use mut_self_keyword::*;

--- a/ast/src/errors/canonicalization.rs
+++ b/ast/src/errors/canonicalization.rs
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

-use crate::{FormattedError, Span};
+use crate::{FormattedError, LeoError, Span};

 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum CanonicalizeError {
@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ pub enum CanonicalizeError {
    Error(#[from] FormattedError),
 }

+impl LeoError for CanonicalizeError {}
+
 impl CanonicalizeError {
    fn new_from_span(message: String, span: &Span) -> Self {
        CanonicalizeError::Error(FormattedError::new_from_span(message, span))
--- a/ast/src/common/input_keyword.rs
+++ b/ast/src/common/input_keyword.rs
@ -14,31 +14,30 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

-use crate::{Identifier, Node, Span};
+use crate::{FormattedError, LeoError, Span};

-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use std::fmt;
-
-/// The `input` keyword can view program register, record, and state values.
-/// Values cannot be modified. The `input` keyword cannot be made mutable.
-#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[serde(transparent)]
-pub struct InputKeyword {
-    pub identifier: Identifier,
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum CombinerError {
+    #[error("{}", _0)]
+    Error(#[from] FormattedError),
 }

-impl fmt::Display for InputKeyword {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "input")
-    }
-}
+impl LeoError for CombinerError {}

-impl Node for InputKeyword {
-    fn span(&self) -> &Span {
-        &self.identifier.span
+impl CombinerError {
+    fn new_from_span(message: String, span: &Span) -> Self {
+        CombinerError::Error(FormattedError::new_from_span(message, span))
    }

-    fn set_span(&mut self, span: Span) {
-        self.identifier.span = span;
+    pub fn asg_statement_not_block(span: &Span) -> Self {
+        let message = "AstStatement should be be a block".to_string();
+
+        Self::new_from_span(message, span)
+    }
+
+    pub fn illegal_compound_array_range(span: &Span) -> Self {
+        let message = "Illegal compound assignement with array range".to_string();
+
+        Self::new_from_span(message, span)
    }
 }
--- a/ast/src/errors/error.rs
+++ b/ast/src/errors/error.rs
@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ fn underline(mut start: usize, mut end: usize) -> String {

 impl fmt::Display for FormattedError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        let underline = underline(self.col_start - 1, self.col_stop - 1);
+        let underline = underline(self.col_start, self.col_stop);

        write!(
            f,
-            "{indent     }--> {path}: {line_start}:{start}\n\
+            "{indent     }--> {path}:{line_start}:{start}\n\
             {indent     } |\n",
            indent = INDENT,
            path = &*self.path,
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for FormattedError {

        write!(
            f,
-            "{indent     } |  {underline}\n\
+            "{indent     } |{underline}\n\
             {indent     } |\n\
             {indent     } = {message}",
            indent = INDENT,
@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ fn test_error() {
        path: std::sync::Arc::new("file.leo".to_string()),
        line_start: 2,
        line_stop: 2,
-        col_start: 8,
-        col_stop: 9,
+        col_start: 9,
+        col_stop: 10,
        content: "let a = x;".into(),
        message: "undefined value `x`".to_string(),
    };
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ fn test_error() {
    assert_eq!(
        err.to_string(),
        vec![
-            "    --> file.leo: 2:8",
+            "    --> file.leo:2:9",
            "     |",
            "   2 | let a = x;",
            "     |         ^",
--- a/ast/src/errors/mod.rs
+++ b/ast/src/errors/mod.rs
@ -14,7 +14,16 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

+pub mod canonicalization;
+pub use canonicalization::*;
+
+pub mod combiner;
+pub use combiner::*;
+
 pub mod error;
 pub use error::*;

+pub mod reducer;
+pub use reducer::*;
+
 pub trait LeoError {}
--- a/ast/src/errors/reducer.rs
+++ b/ast/src/errors/reducer.rs
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Aleo Systems Inc.
+// This file is part of the Leo library.
+
+// The Leo library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// The Leo library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+use crate::{CanonicalizeError, CombinerError, FormattedError, LeoError, Span};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum ReducerError {
+    #[error("{}", _0)]
+    Error(#[from] FormattedError),
+
+    #[error("{}", _0)]
+    CanonicalizeError(#[from] CanonicalizeError),
+
+    #[error("{}", _0)]
+    CombinerError(#[from] CombinerError),
+}
+
+impl LeoError for ReducerError {}
+
+impl ReducerError {
+    fn new_from_span(message: String, span: &Span) -> Self {
+        ReducerError::Error(FormattedError::new_from_span(message, span))
+    }
+
+    pub fn impossible_console_assert_call(span: &Span) -> Self {
+        let message = "Console::Assert cannot be matched here, its handled in another case.".to_string();
+
+        Self::new_from_span(message, span)
+    }
+}
--- a/ast/src/functions/input/input_variable.rs
+++ b/ast/src/functions/input/input_variable.rs
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

-use crate::{ConstSelfKeyword, FunctionInputVariable, InputKeyword, MutSelfKeyword, Node, SelfKeyword, Span};
+use crate::{ConstSelfKeyword, FunctionInputVariable, MutSelfKeyword, Node, SelfKeyword, Span};

 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::fmt;
@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use std::fmt;
 /// Enumerates the possible inputs to a function.
 #[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub enum FunctionInput {
-    InputKeyword(InputKeyword),
    SelfKeyword(SelfKeyword),
    ConstSelfKeyword(ConstSelfKeyword),
    MutSelfKeyword(MutSelfKeyword),
@ -36,7 +35,6 @@ impl FunctionInput {
    ///
    pub fn is_self(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
-            FunctionInput::InputKeyword(_) => false,
            FunctionInput::SelfKeyword(_) => true,
            FunctionInput::ConstSelfKeyword(_) => true,
            FunctionInput::MutSelfKeyword(_) => true,
@ -50,7 +48,6 @@ impl FunctionInput {
    ///
    pub fn is_const_self(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
-            FunctionInput::InputKeyword(_) => false,
            FunctionInput::SelfKeyword(_) => false,
            FunctionInput::ConstSelfKeyword(_) => true,
            FunctionInput::MutSelfKeyword(_) => false,
@ -64,7 +61,6 @@ impl FunctionInput {
    ///
    pub fn is_mut_self(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
-            FunctionInput::InputKeyword(_) => false,
            FunctionInput::SelfKeyword(_) => false,
            FunctionInput::ConstSelfKeyword(_) => false,
            FunctionInput::MutSelfKeyword(_) => true,
@ -74,7 +70,6 @@ impl FunctionInput {

    fn format(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
-            FunctionInput::InputKeyword(keyword) => write!(f, "{}", keyword),
            FunctionInput::SelfKeyword(keyword) => write!(f, "{}", keyword),
            FunctionInput::ConstSelfKeyword(keyword) => write!(f, "{}", keyword),
            FunctionInput::MutSelfKeyword(keyword) => write!(f, "{}", keyword),
@ -99,7 +94,6 @@ impl PartialEq for FunctionInput {
    /// Returns true if `self == other`. Does not compare spans.
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        match (self, other) {
-            (FunctionInput::InputKeyword(_), FunctionInput::InputKeyword(_)) => true,
            (FunctionInput::SelfKeyword(_), FunctionInput::SelfKeyword(_)) => true,
            (FunctionInput::ConstSelfKeyword(_), FunctionInput::ConstSelfKeyword(_)) => true,
            (FunctionInput::MutSelfKeyword(_), FunctionInput::MutSelfKeyword(_)) => true,
@ -115,7 +109,6 @@ impl Node for FunctionInput {
    fn span(&self) -> &Span {
        use FunctionInput::*;
        match self {
-            InputKeyword(keyword) => &keyword.identifier.span,
            SelfKeyword(keyword) => &keyword.identifier.span,
            ConstSelfKeyword(keyword) => &keyword.identifier.span,
            MutSelfKeyword(keyword) => &keyword.identifier.span,
@ -126,7 +119,6 @@ impl Node for FunctionInput {
    fn set_span(&mut self, span: Span) {
        use FunctionInput::*;
        match self {
-            InputKeyword(keyword) => keyword.identifier.span = span,
            SelfKeyword(keyword) => keyword.identifier.span = span,
            ConstSelfKeyword(keyword) => keyword.identifier.span = span,
            MutSelfKeyword(keyword) => keyword.identifier.span = span,
--- a/ast/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ast/src/lib.rs
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ pub use node::*;
 /// These data types form a tree that begins from a [`Program`] type root.
 ///
 /// A new [`Ast`] can be created from a [`Grammar`] generated by the pest parser in the `grammar` module.
-#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Ast {
    ast: Program,
 }
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl Ast {
    }

    /// Mutates the program ast by preforming canonicalization on it.
-    pub fn canonicalize(&mut self) -> Result<(), CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn canonicalize(&mut self) -> Result<(), ReducerError> {
        self.ast = ReconstructingDirector::new(Canonicalizer::default()).reduce_program(self.as_repr())?;
        Ok(())
    }
--- a/ast/src/reducer/canonicalization.rs
+++ b/ast/src/reducer/canonicalization.rs
@ -25,11 +25,78 @@ use crate::*;
 pub struct Canonicalizer {
    // If we are in a circuit keep track of the circuit name.
    circuit_name: Option<Identifier>,
+    in_circuit: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for Canonicalizer {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            circuit_name: None,
+            in_circuit: false,
+        }
+    }
 }

 impl Canonicalizer {
-    pub fn default() -> Self {
-        Self { circuit_name: None }
+    pub fn canonicalize_accesses(
+        &mut self,
+        start: Expression,
+        accesses: &[AssigneeAccess],
+        span: &Span,
+    ) -> Result<Box<Expression>, ReducerError> {
+        let mut left = Box::new(start);
+
+        for access in accesses.iter() {
+            match self.canonicalize_assignee_access(&access) {
+                AssigneeAccess::ArrayIndex(index) => {
+                    left = Box::new(Expression::ArrayAccess(ArrayAccessExpression {
+                        array: left,
+                        index: Box::new(index),
+                        span: span.clone(),
+                    }));
+                }
+                AssigneeAccess::Tuple(positive_number, _) => {
+                    left = Box::new(Expression::TupleAccess(TupleAccessExpression {
+                        tuple: left,
+                        index: positive_number,
+                        span: span.clone(),
+                    }));
+                }
+                AssigneeAccess::Member(identifier) => {
+                    left = Box::new(Expression::CircuitMemberAccess(CircuitMemberAccessExpression {
+                        circuit: left,
+                        name: identifier,
+                        span: span.clone(),
+                    }));
+                }
+                _ => return Err(ReducerError::from(CombinerError::illegal_compound_array_range(&span))),
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(left)
+    }
+
+    pub fn compound_operation_converstion(
+        &mut self,
+        operation: &AssignOperation,
+    ) -> Result<BinaryOperation, ReducerError> {
+        match operation {
+            AssignOperation::Assign => unreachable!(),
+            AssignOperation::Add => Ok(BinaryOperation::Add),
+            AssignOperation::Sub => Ok(BinaryOperation::Sub),
+            AssignOperation::Mul => Ok(BinaryOperation::Mul),
+            AssignOperation::Div => Ok(BinaryOperation::Div),
+            AssignOperation::Pow => Ok(BinaryOperation::Pow),
+            AssignOperation::Or => Ok(BinaryOperation::Or),
+            AssignOperation::And => Ok(BinaryOperation::And),
+            AssignOperation::BitOr => Ok(BinaryOperation::BitOr),
+            AssignOperation::BitAnd => Ok(BinaryOperation::BitAnd),
+            AssignOperation::BitXor => Ok(BinaryOperation::BitXor),
+            AssignOperation::Shr => Ok(BinaryOperation::Shr),
+            AssignOperation::ShrSigned => Ok(BinaryOperation::ShrSigned),
+            AssignOperation::Shl => Ok(BinaryOperation::Shl),
+            AssignOperation::Mod => Ok(BinaryOperation::Mod),
+        }
    }

    fn is_self_type(&mut self, type_option: Option<&Type>) -> bool {
@ -324,7 +391,7 @@ impl Canonicalizer {
                            .map(|parameter| self.canonicalize_expression(parameter))
                            .collect();

-                        let formatted = FormattedString {
+                        let formatted = FormatString {
                            parts: format.parts.clone(),
                            parameters,
                            span: format.span.clone(),
@ -380,17 +447,21 @@ impl Canonicalizer {
 }

 impl ReconstructingReducer for Canonicalizer {
-    fn reduce_type(
-        &mut self,
-        _type_: &Type,
-        new: Type,
-        in_circuit: bool,
-        span: &Span,
-    ) -> Result<Type, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn in_circuit(&self) -> bool {
+        self.in_circuit
+    }
+
+    fn swap_in_circuit(&mut self) {
+        self.in_circuit = !self.in_circuit;
+    }
+
+    fn reduce_type(&mut self, _type_: &Type, new: Type, span: &Span) -> Result<Type, ReducerError> {
        match new {
            Type::Array(type_, mut dimensions) => {
                if dimensions.is_zero() {
-                    return Err(CanonicalizeError::invalid_array_dimension_size(span));
+                    return Err(ReducerError::from(CanonicalizeError::invalid_array_dimension_size(
+                        span,
+                    )));
                }

                let mut next = Type::Array(type_, ArrayDimensions(vec![dimensions.remove_last().unwrap()]));
@ -407,7 +478,9 @@ impl ReconstructingReducer for Canonicalizer {

                Ok(array)
            }
-            Type::SelfType if !in_circuit => Err(CanonicalizeError::big_self_outside_of_circuit(span)),
+            Type::SelfType if !self.in_circuit => {
+                Err(ReducerError::from(CanonicalizeError::big_self_outside_of_circuit(span)))
+            }
            _ => Ok(new.clone()),
        }
    }
@ -416,10 +489,11 @@ impl ReconstructingReducer for Canonicalizer {
        &mut self,
        array_init: &ArrayInitExpression,
        element: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ArrayInitExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ArrayInitExpression, ReducerError> {
        if array_init.dimensions.is_zero() {
-            return Err(CanonicalizeError::invalid_array_dimension_size(&array_init.span));
+            return Err(ReducerError::from(CanonicalizeError::invalid_array_dimension_size(
+                &array_init.span,
+            )));
        }

        let element = Box::new(element);
@ -466,58 +540,39 @@ impl ReconstructingReducer for Canonicalizer {
        assign: &AssignStatement,
        assignee: Assignee,
        value: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<AssignStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<AssignStatement, ReducerError> {
        match value {
+            Expression::Binary(binary_expr) if assign.operation != AssignOperation::Assign => {
+                let left = self.canonicalize_accesses(
+                    Expression::Identifier(assignee.identifier.clone()),
+                    &assignee.accesses,
+                    &assign.span,
+                )?;
+                let right = Box::new(Expression::Binary(binary_expr));
+                let op = self.compound_operation_converstion(&assign.operation)?;
+
+                let new_value = Expression::Binary(BinaryExpression {
+                    left,
+                    right,
+                    op,
+                    span: assign.span.clone(),
+                });
+
+                Ok(AssignStatement {
+                    operation: AssignOperation::Assign,
+                    assignee,
+                    value: new_value,
+                    span: assign.span.clone(),
+                })
+            }
            Expression::Value(value_expr) if assign.operation != AssignOperation::Assign => {
-                let mut left = Box::new(Expression::Identifier(assignee.identifier.clone()));
-
-                for access in assignee.accesses.iter().rev() {
-                    match self.canonicalize_assignee_access(&access) {
-                        AssigneeAccess::ArrayIndex(index) => {
-                            left = Box::new(Expression::ArrayAccess(ArrayAccessExpression {
-                                array: left,
-                                index: Box::new(index),
-                                span: assign.span.clone(),
-                            }));
-                        }
-                        AssigneeAccess::Tuple(positive_number, _) => {
-                            left = Box::new(Expression::TupleAccess(TupleAccessExpression {
-                                tuple: left,
-                                index: positive_number,
-                                span: assign.span.clone(),
-                            }));
-                        }
-                        AssigneeAccess::Member(identifier) => {
-                            left = Box::new(Expression::CircuitMemberAccess(CircuitMemberAccessExpression {
-                                circuit: left,
-                                name: identifier,
-                                span: assign.span.clone(),
-                            }));
-                        }
-                        _ => unimplemented!(), // No reason for someone to compute ArrayRanges.
-                    }
-                }
-
+                let left = self.canonicalize_accesses(
+                    Expression::Identifier(assignee.identifier.clone()),
+                    &assignee.accesses,
+                    &assign.span,
+                )?;
                let right = Box::new(Expression::Value(value_expr));
-
-                let op = match assign.operation {
-                    AssignOperation::Assign => unimplemented!(), // Imposible
-                    AssignOperation::Add => BinaryOperation::Add,
-                    AssignOperation::Sub => BinaryOperation::Sub,
-                    AssignOperation::Mul => BinaryOperation::Mul,
-                    AssignOperation::Div => BinaryOperation::Div,
-                    AssignOperation::Pow => BinaryOperation::Pow,
-                    AssignOperation::Or => BinaryOperation::Or,
-                    AssignOperation::And => BinaryOperation::And,
-                    AssignOperation::BitOr => BinaryOperation::BitOr,
-                    AssignOperation::BitAnd => BinaryOperation::BitAnd,
-                    AssignOperation::BitXor => BinaryOperation::BitXor,
-                    AssignOperation::Shr => BinaryOperation::Shr,
-                    AssignOperation::ShrSigned => BinaryOperation::ShrSigned,
-                    AssignOperation::Shl => BinaryOperation::Shl,
-                    AssignOperation::Mod => BinaryOperation::Mod,
-                };
+                let op = self.compound_operation_converstion(&assign.operation)?;

                let new_value = Expression::Binary(BinaryExpression {
                    left,
@ -545,8 +600,7 @@ impl ReconstructingReducer for Canonicalizer {
        input: Vec<FunctionInput>,
        output: Option<Type>,
        block: Block,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<Function, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<Function, ReducerError> {
        let new_output = match output {
            None => Some(Type::Tuple(vec![])),
            _ => output,
@ -567,7 +621,7 @@ impl ReconstructingReducer for Canonicalizer {
        _circuit: &Circuit,
        circuit_name: Identifier,
        members: Vec<CircuitMember>,
-    ) -> Result<Circuit, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<Circuit, ReducerError> {
        self.circuit_name = Some(circuit_name.clone());
        let circ = Circuit {
            circuit_name,
--- a/ast/src/reducer/mod.rs
+++ b/ast/src/reducer/mod.rs
@ -17,9 +17,6 @@
 mod canonicalization;
 pub use canonicalization::*;

-mod errors;
-pub use errors::*;
-
 mod reconstructing_reducer;
 pub use reconstructing_reducer::*;

--- a/ast/src/reducer/reconstructing_director.rs
+++ b/ast/src/reducer/reconstructing_director.rs
@ -22,18 +22,14 @@ use indexmap::IndexMap;

 pub struct ReconstructingDirector<R: ReconstructingReducer> {
    reducer: R,
-    in_circuit: bool,
 }

 impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
    pub fn new(reducer: R) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            reducer,
-            in_circuit: false,
-        }
+        Self { reducer }
    }

-    pub fn reduce_type(&mut self, type_: &Type, span: &Span) -> Result<Type, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_type(&mut self, type_: &Type, span: &Span) -> Result<Type, ReducerError> {
        let new = match type_ {
            Type::Array(type_, dimensions) => Type::Array(Box::new(self.reduce_type(type_, span)?), dimensions.clone()),
            Type::Tuple(types) => {
@ -48,11 +44,11 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            _ => type_.clone(),
        };

-        self.reducer.reduce_type(type_, new, self.in_circuit, span)
+        self.reducer.reduce_type(type_, new, span)
    }

    // Expressions
-    pub fn reduce_expression(&mut self, expression: &Expression) -> Result<Expression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_expression(&mut self, expression: &Expression) -> Result<Expression, ReducerError> {
        let new = match expression {
            Expression::Identifier(identifier) => Expression::Identifier(self.reduce_identifier(&identifier)?),
            Expression::Value(value) => Expression::Value(self.reduce_value(&value)?),
@ -84,18 +80,18 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            Expression::Call(call) => Expression::Call(self.reduce_call(&call)?),
        };

-        self.reducer.reduce_expression(expression, new, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_expression(expression, new)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_identifier(&mut self, identifier: &Identifier) -> Result<Identifier, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_identifier(&mut self, identifier: &Identifier) -> Result<Identifier, ReducerError> {
        self.reducer.reduce_identifier(identifier)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_group_tuple(&mut self, group_tuple: &GroupTuple) -> Result<GroupTuple, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_group_tuple(&mut self, group_tuple: &GroupTuple) -> Result<GroupTuple, ReducerError> {
        self.reducer.reduce_group_tuple(group_tuple)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_group_value(&mut self, group_value: &GroupValue) -> Result<GroupValue, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_group_value(&mut self, group_value: &GroupValue) -> Result<GroupValue, ReducerError> {
        let new = match group_value {
            GroupValue::Tuple(group_tuple) => GroupValue::Tuple(self.reduce_group_tuple(&group_tuple)?),
            _ => group_value.clone(),
@ -104,7 +100,7 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
        self.reducer.reduce_group_value(group_value, new)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_value(&mut self, value: &ValueExpression) -> Result<ValueExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_value(&mut self, value: &ValueExpression) -> Result<ValueExpression, ReducerError> {
        let new = match value {
            ValueExpression::Group(group_value) => {
                ValueExpression::Group(Box::new(self.reduce_group_value(&group_value)?))
@ -115,41 +111,38 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
        self.reducer.reduce_value(value, new)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_binary(&mut self, binary: &BinaryExpression) -> Result<BinaryExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_binary(&mut self, binary: &BinaryExpression) -> Result<BinaryExpression, ReducerError> {
        let left = self.reduce_expression(&binary.left)?;
        let right = self.reduce_expression(&binary.right)?;

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_binary(binary, left, right, binary.op.clone(), self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_binary(binary, left, right, binary.op.clone())
    }

-    pub fn reduce_unary(&mut self, unary: &UnaryExpression) -> Result<UnaryExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_unary(&mut self, unary: &UnaryExpression) -> Result<UnaryExpression, ReducerError> {
        let inner = self.reduce_expression(&unary.inner)?;

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_unary(unary, inner, unary.op.clone(), self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_unary(unary, inner, unary.op.clone())
    }

-    pub fn reduce_ternary(&mut self, ternary: &TernaryExpression) -> Result<TernaryExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_ternary(&mut self, ternary: &TernaryExpression) -> Result<TernaryExpression, ReducerError> {
        let condition = self.reduce_expression(&ternary.condition)?;
        let if_true = self.reduce_expression(&ternary.if_true)?;
        let if_false = self.reduce_expression(&ternary.if_false)?;

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_ternary(ternary, condition, if_true, if_false, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_ternary(ternary, condition, if_true, if_false)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_cast(&mut self, cast: &CastExpression) -> Result<CastExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_cast(&mut self, cast: &CastExpression) -> Result<CastExpression, ReducerError> {
        let inner = self.reduce_expression(&cast.inner)?;
        let target_type = self.reduce_type(&cast.target_type, &cast.span)?;

-        self.reducer.reduce_cast(cast, inner, target_type, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_cast(cast, inner, target_type)
    }

    pub fn reduce_array_inline(
        &mut self,
        array_inline: &ArrayInlineExpression,
-    ) -> Result<ArrayInlineExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ArrayInlineExpression, ReducerError> {
        let mut elements = vec![];
        for element in array_inline.elements.iter() {
            let reduced_element = match element {
@ -164,34 +157,29 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            elements.push(reduced_element);
        }

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_array_inline(array_inline, elements, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_array_inline(array_inline, elements)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_array_init(
-        &mut self,
-        array_init: &ArrayInitExpression,
-    ) -> Result<ArrayInitExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_array_init(&mut self, array_init: &ArrayInitExpression) -> Result<ArrayInitExpression, ReducerError> {
        let element = self.reduce_expression(&array_init.element)?;

-        self.reducer.reduce_array_init(array_init, element, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_array_init(array_init, element)
    }

    pub fn reduce_array_access(
        &mut self,
        array_access: &ArrayAccessExpression,
-    ) -> Result<ArrayAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ArrayAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        let array = self.reduce_expression(&array_access.array)?;
        let index = self.reduce_expression(&array_access.index)?;

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_array_access(array_access, array, index, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_array_access(array_access, array, index)
    }

    pub fn reduce_array_range_access(
        &mut self,
        array_range_access: &ArrayRangeAccessExpression,
-    ) -> Result<ArrayRangeAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ArrayRangeAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        let array = self.reduce_expression(&array_range_access.array)?;
        let left = array_range_access
            .left
@ -205,34 +193,31 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            .transpose()?;

        self.reducer
-            .reduce_array_range_access(array_range_access, array, left, right, self.in_circuit)
+            .reduce_array_range_access(array_range_access, array, left, right)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_tuple_init(
-        &mut self,
-        tuple_init: &TupleInitExpression,
-    ) -> Result<TupleInitExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_tuple_init(&mut self, tuple_init: &TupleInitExpression) -> Result<TupleInitExpression, ReducerError> {
        let mut elements = vec![];
        for element in tuple_init.elements.iter() {
            elements.push(self.reduce_expression(element)?);
        }

-        self.reducer.reduce_tuple_init(tuple_init, elements, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_tuple_init(tuple_init, elements)
    }

    pub fn reduce_tuple_access(
        &mut self,
        tuple_access: &TupleAccessExpression,
-    ) -> Result<TupleAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<TupleAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        let tuple = self.reduce_expression(&tuple_access.tuple)?;

-        self.reducer.reduce_tuple_access(tuple_access, tuple, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_tuple_access(tuple_access, tuple)
    }

    pub fn reduce_circuit_implied_variable_definition(
        &mut self,
        variable: &CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition, ReducerError> {
        let identifier = self.reduce_identifier(&variable.identifier)?;
        let expression = variable
            .expression
@ -241,13 +226,13 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            .transpose()?;

        self.reducer
-            .reduce_circuit_implied_variable_definition(variable, identifier, expression, self.in_circuit)
+            .reduce_circuit_implied_variable_definition(variable, identifier, expression)
    }

    pub fn reduce_circuit_init(
        &mut self,
        circuit_init: &CircuitInitExpression,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitInitExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CircuitInitExpression, ReducerError> {
        let name = self.reduce_identifier(&circuit_init.name)?;

        let mut members = vec![];
@ -255,33 +240,32 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            members.push(self.reduce_circuit_implied_variable_definition(member)?);
        }

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_circuit_init(circuit_init, name, members, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_circuit_init(circuit_init, name, members)
    }

    pub fn reduce_circuit_member_access(
        &mut self,
        circuit_member_access: &CircuitMemberAccessExpression,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitMemberAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CircuitMemberAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        let circuit = self.reduce_expression(&circuit_member_access.circuit)?;
        let name = self.reduce_identifier(&circuit_member_access.name)?;

        self.reducer
-            .reduce_circuit_member_access(circuit_member_access, circuit, name, self.in_circuit)
+            .reduce_circuit_member_access(circuit_member_access, circuit, name)
    }

    pub fn reduce_circuit_static_fn_access(
        &mut self,
        circuit_static_fn_access: &CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        let circuit = self.reduce_expression(&circuit_static_fn_access.circuit)?;
        let name = self.reduce_identifier(&circuit_static_fn_access.name)?;

        self.reducer
-            .reduce_circuit_static_fn_access(circuit_static_fn_access, circuit, name, self.in_circuit)
+            .reduce_circuit_static_fn_access(circuit_static_fn_access, circuit, name)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_call(&mut self, call: &CallExpression) -> Result<CallExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_call(&mut self, call: &CallExpression) -> Result<CallExpression, ReducerError> {
        let function = self.reduce_expression(&call.function)?;

        let mut arguments = vec![];
@ -289,11 +273,11 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            arguments.push(self.reduce_expression(argument)?);
        }

-        self.reducer.reduce_call(call, function, arguments, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_call(call, function, arguments)
    }

    // Statements
-    pub fn reduce_statement(&mut self, statement: &Statement) -> Result<Statement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_statement(&mut self, statement: &Statement) -> Result<Statement, ReducerError> {
        let new = match statement {
            Statement::Return(return_statement) => Statement::Return(self.reduce_return(&return_statement)?),
            Statement::Definition(definition) => Statement::Definition(self.reduce_definition(&definition)?),
@ -305,26 +289,22 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            Statement::Block(block) => Statement::Block(self.reduce_block(&block)?),
        };

-        self.reducer.reduce_statement(statement, new, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_statement(statement, new)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_return(&mut self, return_statement: &ReturnStatement) -> Result<ReturnStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_return(&mut self, return_statement: &ReturnStatement) -> Result<ReturnStatement, ReducerError> {
        let expression = self.reduce_expression(&return_statement.expression)?;

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_return(return_statement, expression, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_return(return_statement, expression)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_variable_name(&mut self, variable_name: &VariableName) -> Result<VariableName, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_variable_name(&mut self, variable_name: &VariableName) -> Result<VariableName, ReducerError> {
        let identifier = self.reduce_identifier(&variable_name.identifier)?;

        self.reducer.reduce_variable_name(variable_name, identifier)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_definition(
-        &mut self,
-        definition: &DefinitionStatement,
-    ) -> Result<DefinitionStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_definition(&mut self, definition: &DefinitionStatement) -> Result<DefinitionStatement, ReducerError> {
        let mut variable_names = vec![];
        for variable_name in definition.variable_names.iter() {
            variable_names.push(self.reduce_variable_name(variable_name)?);
@ -338,11 +318,10 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {

        let value = self.reduce_expression(&definition.value)?;

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_definition(definition, variable_names, type_, value, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_definition(definition, variable_names, type_, value)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_assignee_access(&mut self, access: &AssigneeAccess) -> Result<AssigneeAccess, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_assignee_access(&mut self, access: &AssigneeAccess) -> Result<AssigneeAccess, ReducerError> {
        let new = match access {
            AssigneeAccess::ArrayRange(left, right) => {
                let left = left.as_ref().map(|left| self.reduce_expression(left)).transpose()?;
@ -355,10 +334,10 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            _ => access.clone(),
        };

-        self.reducer.reduce_assignee_access(access, new, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_assignee_access(access, new)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_assignee(&mut self, assignee: &Assignee) -> Result<Assignee, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_assignee(&mut self, assignee: &Assignee) -> Result<Assignee, ReducerError> {
        let identifier = self.reduce_identifier(&assignee.identifier)?;

        let mut accesses = vec![];
@ -366,21 +345,20 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            accesses.push(self.reduce_assignee_access(access)?);
        }

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_assignee(assignee, identifier, accesses, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_assignee(assignee, identifier, accesses)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_assign(&mut self, assign: &AssignStatement) -> Result<AssignStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_assign(&mut self, assign: &AssignStatement) -> Result<AssignStatement, ReducerError> {
        let assignee = self.reduce_assignee(&assign.assignee)?;
        let value = self.reduce_expression(&assign.value)?;

-        self.reducer.reduce_assign(assign, assignee, value, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_assign(assign, assignee, value)
    }

    pub fn reduce_conditional(
        &mut self,
        conditional: &ConditionalStatement,
-    ) -> Result<ConditionalStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ConditionalStatement, ReducerError> {
        let condition = self.reduce_expression(&conditional.condition)?;
        let block = self.reduce_block(&conditional.block)?;
        let next = conditional
@ -389,27 +367,22 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            .map(|condition| self.reduce_statement(condition))
            .transpose()?;

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_conditional(conditional, condition, block, next, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_conditional(conditional, condition, block, next)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_iteration(
-        &mut self,
-        iteration: &IterationStatement,
-    ) -> Result<IterationStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_iteration(&mut self, iteration: &IterationStatement) -> Result<IterationStatement, ReducerError> {
        let variable = self.reduce_identifier(&iteration.variable)?;
        let start = self.reduce_expression(&iteration.start)?;
        let stop = self.reduce_expression(&iteration.stop)?;
        let block = self.reduce_block(&iteration.block)?;

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_iteration(iteration, variable, start, stop, block, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_iteration(iteration, variable, start, stop, block)
    }

    pub fn reduce_console(
        &mut self,
        console_function_call: &ConsoleStatement,
-    ) -> Result<ConsoleStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ConsoleStatement, ReducerError> {
        let function = match &console_function_call.function {
            ConsoleFunction::Assert(expression) => ConsoleFunction::Assert(self.reduce_expression(expression)?),
            ConsoleFunction::Debug(format) | ConsoleFunction::Error(format) | ConsoleFunction::Log(format) => {
@ -418,7 +391,7 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
                    parameters.push(self.reduce_expression(parameter)?);
                }

-                let formatted = FormattedString {
+                let formatted = FormatString {
                    parts: format.parts.clone(),
                    parameters,
                    span: format.span.clone(),
@ -428,35 +401,33 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
                    ConsoleFunction::Debug(_) => ConsoleFunction::Debug(formatted),
                    ConsoleFunction::Error(_) => ConsoleFunction::Error(formatted),
                    ConsoleFunction::Log(_) => ConsoleFunction::Log(formatted),
-                    _ => unimplemented!(), // impossible
+                    _ => return Err(ReducerError::impossible_console_assert_call(&format.span)),
                }
            }
        };

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_console(console_function_call, function, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_console(console_function_call, function)
    }

    pub fn reduce_expression_statement(
        &mut self,
        expression: &ExpressionStatement,
-    ) -> Result<ExpressionStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ExpressionStatement, ReducerError> {
        let inner_expression = self.reduce_expression(&expression.expression)?;
-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_expression_statement(expression, inner_expression, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_expression_statement(expression, inner_expression)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_block(&mut self, block: &Block) -> Result<Block, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_block(&mut self, block: &Block) -> Result<Block, ReducerError> {
        let mut statements = vec![];
        for statement in block.statements.iter() {
            statements.push(self.reduce_statement(statement)?);
        }

-        self.reducer.reduce_block(block, statements, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_block(block, statements)
    }

    // Program
-    pub fn reduce_program(&mut self, program: &Program) -> Result<Program, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_program(&mut self, program: &Program) -> Result<Program, ReducerError> {
        let mut inputs = vec![];
        for input in program.expected_input.iter() {
            inputs.push(self.reduce_function_input(input)?);
@ -468,9 +439,11 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
        }

        let mut circuits = IndexMap::new();
+        self.reducer.swap_in_circuit();
        for (identifier, circuit) in program.circuits.iter() {
            circuits.insert(self.reduce_identifier(identifier)?, self.reduce_circuit(circuit)?);
        }
+        self.reducer.swap_in_circuit();

        let mut functions = IndexMap::new();
        for (identifier, function) in program.functions.iter() {
@ -484,15 +457,14 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
    pub fn reduce_function_input_variable(
        &mut self,
        variable: &FunctionInputVariable,
-    ) -> Result<FunctionInputVariable, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<FunctionInputVariable, ReducerError> {
        let identifier = self.reduce_identifier(&variable.identifier)?;
        let type_ = self.reduce_type(&variable.type_, &variable.span)?;

-        self.reducer
-            .reduce_function_input_variable(variable, identifier, type_, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_function_input_variable(variable, identifier, type_)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_function_input(&mut self, input: &FunctionInput) -> Result<FunctionInput, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_function_input(&mut self, input: &FunctionInput) -> Result<FunctionInput, ReducerError> {
        let new = match input {
            FunctionInput::Variable(function_input_variable) => {
                FunctionInput::Variable(self.reduce_function_input_variable(function_input_variable)?)
@ -500,13 +472,13 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
            _ => input.clone(),
        };

-        self.reducer.reduce_function_input(input, new, self.in_circuit)
+        self.reducer.reduce_function_input(input, new)
    }

    pub fn reduce_package_or_packages(
        &mut self,
        package_or_packages: &PackageOrPackages,
-    ) -> Result<PackageOrPackages, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<PackageOrPackages, ReducerError> {
        let new = match package_or_packages {
            PackageOrPackages::Package(package) => PackageOrPackages::Package(Package {
                name: self.reduce_identifier(&package.name)?,
@ -523,17 +495,13 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
        self.reducer.reduce_package_or_packages(package_or_packages, new)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_import(&mut self, import: &ImportStatement) -> Result<ImportStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_import(&mut self, import: &ImportStatement) -> Result<ImportStatement, ReducerError> {
        let package_or_packages = self.reduce_package_or_packages(&import.package_or_packages)?;

        self.reducer.reduce_import(import, package_or_packages)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_circuit_member(
-        &mut self,
-        circuit_member: &CircuitMember,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitMember, CanonicalizeError> {
-        self.in_circuit = !self.in_circuit;
+    pub fn reduce_circuit_member(&mut self, circuit_member: &CircuitMember) -> Result<CircuitMember, ReducerError> {
        let new = match circuit_member {
            CircuitMember::CircuitVariable(identifier, type_) => CircuitMember::CircuitVariable(
                self.reduce_identifier(&identifier)?,
@ -543,12 +511,11 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
                CircuitMember::CircuitFunction(self.reduce_function(&function)?)
            }
        };
-        self.in_circuit = !self.in_circuit;

        self.reducer.reduce_circuit_member(circuit_member, new)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_circuit(&mut self, circuit: &Circuit) -> Result<Circuit, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_circuit(&mut self, circuit: &Circuit) -> Result<Circuit, ReducerError> {
        let circuit_name = self.reduce_identifier(&circuit.circuit_name)?;

        let mut members = vec![];
@ -559,13 +526,13 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {
        self.reducer.reduce_circuit(circuit, circuit_name, members)
    }

-    fn reduce_annotation(&mut self, annotation: &Annotation) -> Result<Annotation, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn reduce_annotation(&mut self, annotation: &Annotation) -> Result<Annotation, ReducerError> {
        let name = self.reduce_identifier(&annotation.name)?;

        self.reducer.reduce_annotation(annotation, name)
    }

-    pub fn reduce_function(&mut self, function: &Function) -> Result<Function, CanonicalizeError> {
+    pub fn reduce_function(&mut self, function: &Function) -> Result<Function, ReducerError> {
        let identifier = self.reduce_identifier(&function.identifier)?;

        let mut annotations = vec![];
@ -586,14 +553,7 @@ impl<R: ReconstructingReducer> ReconstructingDirector<R> {

        let block = self.reduce_block(&function.block)?;

-        self.reducer.reduce_function(
-            function,
-            identifier,
-            annotations,
-            inputs,
-            output,
-            block,
-            self.in_circuit,
-        )
+        self.reducer
+            .reduce_function(function, identifier, annotations, inputs, output, block)
    }
 }
--- a/ast/src/reducer/reconstructing_reducer.rs
+++ b/ast/src/reducer/reconstructing_reducer.rs
@ -20,34 +20,26 @@ use indexmap::IndexMap;
 // Needed to fix clippy bug.
 #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure)]
 pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
-    fn reduce_type(
-        &mut self,
-        _type_: &Type,
-        new: Type,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-        _span: &Span,
-    ) -> Result<Type, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn in_circuit(&self) -> bool;
+    fn swap_in_circuit(&mut self);
+
+    fn reduce_type(&mut self, _type_: &Type, new: Type, _span: &Span) -> Result<Type, ReducerError> {
        Ok(new)
    }

    // Expressions
-    fn reduce_expression(
-        &mut self,
-        _expression: &Expression,
-        new: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<Expression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn reduce_expression(&mut self, _expression: &Expression, new: Expression) -> Result<Expression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(new)
    }

-    fn reduce_identifier(&mut self, identifier: &Identifier) -> Result<Identifier, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn reduce_identifier(&mut self, identifier: &Identifier) -> Result<Identifier, ReducerError> {
        Ok(Identifier {
            name: identifier.name.clone(),
            span: identifier.span.clone(),
        })
    }

-    fn reduce_group_tuple(&mut self, group_tuple: &GroupTuple) -> Result<GroupTuple, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn reduce_group_tuple(&mut self, group_tuple: &GroupTuple) -> Result<GroupTuple, ReducerError> {
        Ok(GroupTuple {
            x: group_tuple.x.clone(),
            y: group_tuple.y.clone(),
@ -55,11 +47,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        })
    }

-    fn reduce_group_value(
-        &mut self,
-        _group_value: &GroupValue,
-        new: GroupValue,
-    ) -> Result<GroupValue, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn reduce_group_value(&mut self, _group_value: &GroupValue, new: GroupValue) -> Result<GroupValue, ReducerError> {
        Ok(new)
    }

@ -67,7 +55,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        _value: &ValueExpression,
        new: ValueExpression,
-    ) -> Result<ValueExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ValueExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(new)
    }

@ -77,8 +65,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        left: Expression,
        right: Expression,
        op: BinaryOperation,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<BinaryExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<BinaryExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(BinaryExpression {
            left: Box::new(left),
            right: Box::new(right),
@ -92,8 +79,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        unary: &UnaryExpression,
        inner: Expression,
        op: UnaryOperation,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<UnaryExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<UnaryExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(UnaryExpression {
            inner: Box::new(inner),
            op,
@ -107,8 +93,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        condition: Expression,
        if_true: Expression,
        if_false: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<TernaryExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<TernaryExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(TernaryExpression {
            condition: Box::new(condition),
            if_true: Box::new(if_true),
@ -122,8 +107,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        cast: &CastExpression,
        inner: Expression,
        target_type: Type,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<CastExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CastExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(CastExpression {
            inner: Box::new(inner),
            target_type,
@ -135,8 +119,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        array_inline: &ArrayInlineExpression,
        elements: Vec<SpreadOrExpression>,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ArrayInlineExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ArrayInlineExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(ArrayInlineExpression {
            elements,
            span: array_inline.span.clone(),
@ -147,8 +130,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        array_init: &ArrayInitExpression,
        element: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ArrayInitExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ArrayInitExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(ArrayInitExpression {
            element: Box::new(element),
            dimensions: array_init.dimensions.clone(),
@ -161,8 +143,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        array_access: &ArrayAccessExpression,
        array: Expression,
        index: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ArrayAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ArrayAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(ArrayAccessExpression {
            array: Box::new(array),
            index: Box::new(index),
@ -176,8 +157,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        array: Expression,
        left: Option<Expression>,
        right: Option<Expression>,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ArrayRangeAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ArrayRangeAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(ArrayRangeAccessExpression {
            array: Box::new(array),
            left: left.map(|expr| Box::new(expr)),
@ -190,8 +170,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        tuple_init: &TupleInitExpression,
        elements: Vec<Expression>,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<TupleInitExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<TupleInitExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(TupleInitExpression {
            elements,
            span: tuple_init.span.clone(),
@ -202,8 +181,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        tuple_access: &TupleAccessExpression,
        tuple: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<TupleAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<TupleAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(TupleAccessExpression {
            tuple: Box::new(tuple),
            index: tuple_access.index.clone(),
@ -216,8 +194,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        _variable: &CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition,
        identifier: Identifier,
        expression: Option<Expression>,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition, ReducerError> {
        Ok(CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition { identifier, expression })
    }

@ -226,8 +203,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        circuit_init: &CircuitInitExpression,
        name: Identifier,
        members: Vec<CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition>,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitInitExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CircuitInitExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(CircuitInitExpression {
            name,
            members,
@ -240,8 +216,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        circuit_member_access: &CircuitMemberAccessExpression,
        circuit: Expression,
        name: Identifier,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitMemberAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CircuitMemberAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(CircuitMemberAccessExpression {
            circuit: Box::new(circuit),
            name,
@ -254,8 +229,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        circuit_static_fn_access: &CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression,
        circuit: Expression,
        name: Identifier,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression {
            circuit: Box::new(circuit),
            name,
@ -268,8 +242,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        call: &CallExpression,
        function: Expression,
        arguments: Vec<Expression>,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<CallExpression, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CallExpression, ReducerError> {
        Ok(CallExpression {
            function: Box::new(function),
            arguments,
@ -278,12 +251,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
    }

    // Statements
-    fn reduce_statement(
-        &mut self,
-        _statement: &Statement,
-        new: Statement,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<Statement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn reduce_statement(&mut self, _statement: &Statement, new: Statement) -> Result<Statement, ReducerError> {
        Ok(new)
    }

@ -291,8 +259,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        return_statement: &ReturnStatement,
        expression: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ReturnStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ReturnStatement, ReducerError> {
        Ok(ReturnStatement {
            expression,
            span: return_statement.span.clone(),
@ -303,7 +270,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        variable_name: &VariableName,
        identifier: Identifier,
-    ) -> Result<VariableName, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<VariableName, ReducerError> {
        Ok(VariableName {
            mutable: variable_name.mutable,
            identifier,
@ -317,8 +284,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        variable_names: Vec<VariableName>,
        type_: Option<Type>,
        value: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<DefinitionStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<DefinitionStatement, ReducerError> {
        Ok(DefinitionStatement {
            declaration_type: definition.declaration_type.clone(),
            variable_names,
@ -332,8 +298,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        _access: &AssigneeAccess,
        new: AssigneeAccess,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<AssigneeAccess, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<AssigneeAccess, ReducerError> {
        Ok(new)
    }

@ -342,8 +307,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        assignee: &Assignee,
        identifier: Identifier,
        accesses: Vec<AssigneeAccess>,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<Assignee, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<Assignee, ReducerError> {
        Ok(Assignee {
            identifier,
            accesses,
@ -356,8 +320,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        assign: &AssignStatement,
        assignee: Assignee,
        value: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<AssignStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<AssignStatement, ReducerError> {
        Ok(AssignStatement {
            operation: assign.operation.clone(),
            assignee,
@ -372,8 +335,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        condition: Expression,
        block: Block,
        statement: Option<Statement>,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ConditionalStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ConditionalStatement, ReducerError> {
        Ok(ConditionalStatement {
            condition,
            block,
@ -389,8 +351,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        start: Expression,
        stop: Expression,
        block: Block,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<IterationStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<IterationStatement, ReducerError> {
        Ok(IterationStatement {
            variable,
            start,
@ -404,8 +365,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        console: &ConsoleStatement,
        function: ConsoleFunction,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ConsoleStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ConsoleStatement, ReducerError> {
        Ok(ConsoleStatement {
            function,
            span: console.span.clone(),
@ -416,20 +376,14 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        expression_statement: &ExpressionStatement,
        expression: Expression,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ExpressionStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ExpressionStatement, ReducerError> {
        Ok(ExpressionStatement {
            expression,
            span: expression_statement.span.clone(),
        })
    }

-    fn reduce_block(
-        &mut self,
-        block: &Block,
-        statements: Vec<Statement>,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<Block, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn reduce_block(&mut self, block: &Block, statements: Vec<Statement>) -> Result<Block, ReducerError> {
        Ok(Block {
            statements,
            span: block.span.clone(),
@ -444,7 +398,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        imports: Vec<ImportStatement>,
        circuits: IndexMap<Identifier, Circuit>,
        functions: IndexMap<Identifier, Function>,
-    ) -> Result<Program, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<Program, ReducerError> {
        Ok(Program {
            name: program.name.clone(),
            expected_input,
@ -459,8 +413,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        variable: &FunctionInputVariable,
        identifier: Identifier,
        type_: Type,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<FunctionInputVariable, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<FunctionInputVariable, ReducerError> {
        Ok(FunctionInputVariable {
            identifier,
            const_: variable.const_,
@ -474,8 +427,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        _input: &FunctionInput,
        new: FunctionInput,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<FunctionInput, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<FunctionInput, ReducerError> {
        Ok(new)
    }

@ -483,7 +435,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        _package_or_packages: &PackageOrPackages,
        new: PackageOrPackages,
-    ) -> Result<PackageOrPackages, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<PackageOrPackages, ReducerError> {
        Ok(new)
    }

@ -491,7 +443,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        import: &ImportStatement,
        package_or_packages: PackageOrPackages,
-    ) -> Result<ImportStatement, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<ImportStatement, ReducerError> {
        Ok(ImportStatement {
            package_or_packages,
            span: import.span.clone(),
@ -502,7 +454,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        &mut self,
        _circuit_member: &CircuitMember,
        new: CircuitMember,
-    ) -> Result<CircuitMember, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<CircuitMember, ReducerError> {
        Ok(new)
    }

@ -511,15 +463,11 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        _circuit: &Circuit,
        circuit_name: Identifier,
        members: Vec<CircuitMember>,
-    ) -> Result<Circuit, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<Circuit, ReducerError> {
        Ok(Circuit { circuit_name, members })
    }

-    fn reduce_annotation(
-        &mut self,
-        annotation: &Annotation,
-        name: Identifier,
-    ) -> Result<Annotation, CanonicalizeError> {
+    fn reduce_annotation(&mut self, annotation: &Annotation, name: Identifier) -> Result<Annotation, ReducerError> {
        Ok(Annotation {
            span: annotation.span.clone(),
            name,
@ -536,8 +484,7 @@ pub trait ReconstructingReducer {
        input: Vec<FunctionInput>,
        output: Option<Type>,
        block: Block,
-        _in_circuit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<Function, CanonicalizeError> {
+    ) -> Result<Function, ReducerError> {
        Ok(Function {
            identifier,
            annotations,
--- a/ast/src/statements/console/console_function.rs
+++ b/ast/src/statements/console/console_function.rs
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

-use crate::{Expression, FormattedString, Node, Span};
+use crate::{Expression, FormatString, Node, Span};

 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::fmt;
@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ use std::fmt;
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 pub enum ConsoleFunction {
    Assert(Expression),
-    Debug(FormattedString),
-    Error(FormattedString),
-    Log(FormattedString),
+    Debug(FormatString),
+    Error(FormatString),
+    Log(FormatString),
 }

 impl fmt::Display for ConsoleFunction {
--- a/ast/src/statements/console/formatted_string.rs
+++ b/ast/src/statements/console/formatted_string.rs
@ -21,19 +21,19 @@ use std::fmt;
 use tendril::StrTendril;

 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-pub enum FormattedStringPart {
+pub enum FormatStringPart {
    Const(#[serde(with = "crate::common::tendril_json")] StrTendril),
    Container,
 }

 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-pub struct FormattedString {
-    pub parts: Vec<FormattedStringPart>,
+pub struct FormatString {
+    pub parts: Vec<FormatStringPart>,
    pub parameters: Vec<Expression>,
    pub span: Span,
 }

-impl fmt::Display for FormattedString {
+impl fmt::Display for FormatString {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(
            f,
@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ impl fmt::Display for FormattedString {
            self.parts
                .iter()
                .map(|x| match x {
-                    FormattedStringPart::Const(x) => x,
-                    FormattedStringPart::Container => "{}",
+                    FormatStringPart::Const(x) => x,
+                    FormatStringPart::Container => "{}",
                })
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join("")
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for FormattedString {
    }
 }

-impl Node for FormattedString {
+impl Node for FormatString {
    fn span(&self) -> &Span {
        &self.span
    }
--- a/compiler/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/Cargo.toml
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "leo-compiler"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
 authors = [ "The Aleo Team <hello@aleo.org>" ]
 description = "Compiler of the Leo programming language"
 homepage = "https://aleo.org"
@ -19,35 +19,38 @@ edition = "2018"

 [dependencies.leo-ast]
 path = "../ast"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-imports]
 path = "../imports"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-input]
 path = "../input"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-package]
 path = "../package"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-state]
 path = "../state"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-asg]
 path = "../asg"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-parser]
 path = "../parser"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"

 [dependencies.leo-asg-passes]
 path = "../asg-passes"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.4.0"
+
+[dependencies.tendril]
+version = "0.4"

 [dependencies.snarkvm-curves]
 version = "0.2.2"
--- a/compiler/src/compiler.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/compiler.rs
@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ impl<'a, F: PrimeField, G: GroupType<F>> Compiler<'a, F, G> {
        // Use the parser to construct the abstract syntax tree (ast).

        let mut ast = parse_ast(self.main_file_path.to_str().unwrap_or_default(), program_string)?;
+
        // Preform compiler optimization via canonicalizing AST if its enabled.
        if self.options.canonicalization_enabled {
            ast.canonicalize()?;
--- a/compiler/src/console/format.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/console/format.rs
@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 //! Evaluates a formatted string in a compiled Leo program.

 use crate::{errors::ConsoleError, program::ConstrainedProgram, GroupType};
-use leo_asg::FormattedString;
-use leo_ast::FormattedStringPart;
+use leo_asg::FormatString;
+use leo_ast::FormatStringPart;
 use snarkvm_fields::PrimeField;
 use snarkvm_r1cs::ConstraintSystem;

@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ impl<'a, F: PrimeField, G: GroupType<F>> ConstrainedProgram<'a, F, G> {
    pub fn format<CS: ConstraintSystem<F>>(
        &mut self,
        cs: &mut CS,
-        formatted: &FormattedString<'a>,
+        formatted: &FormatString<'a>,
    ) -> Result<String, ConsoleError> {
        // Check that containers and parameters match
        let container_count = formatted
            .parts
            .iter()
-            .filter(|x| matches!(x, FormattedStringPart::Container))
+            .filter(|x| matches!(x, FormatStringPart::Container))
            .count();
        if container_count != formatted.parameters.len() {
            return Err(ConsoleError::length(
@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ impl<'a, F: PrimeField, G: GroupType<F>> ConstrainedProgram<'a, F, G> {
        let mut parameters = executed_containers.iter();
        for part in formatted.parts.iter() {
            match part {
-                FormattedStringPart::Const(c) => out.push(&**c),
-                FormattedStringPart::Container => out.push(&**parameters.next().unwrap()),
+                FormatStringPart::Const(c) => out.push(&**c),
+                FormatStringPart::Container => out.push(&**parameters.next().unwrap()),
            }
        }

--- a/compiler/src/errors/compiler.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/errors/compiler.rs
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@

 use crate::errors::FunctionError;
 use leo_asg::{AsgConvertError, FormattedError};
-use leo_ast::{CanonicalizeError, LeoError};
+use leo_ast::{LeoError, ReducerError};
 use leo_input::InputParserError;
 use leo_parser::SyntaxError;
 use leo_state::LocalDataVerificationError;
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub enum CompilerError {
    AsgConvertError(#[from] AsgConvertError),

    #[error("{}", _0)]
-    CanonicalizeError(#[from] CanonicalizeError),
+    ReducerError(#[from] ReducerError),
 }

 impl LeoError for CompilerError {}
--- a/compiler/src/function/main_function.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/function/main_function.rs
@ -35,13 +35,9 @@ impl<'a, F: PrimeField, G: GroupType<F>> ConstrainedProgram<'a, F, G> {
        let registers = input.get_registers();

        // Iterate over main function input variables and allocate new values
-        if function.has_input {
-            // let input_var = function.scope.
-            let asg_input = function
-                .scope
-                .resolve_input()
-                .expect("no input variable in scope when function is qualified");
+        let asg_input = function.scope.resolve_input();

+        if let Some(asg_input) = asg_input {
            let value =
                self.allocate_input_keyword(cs, &function.name.borrow().span, &asg_input.container_circuit, input)?;

--- a/compiler/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/lib.rs
@ -56,8 +56,11 @@ pub use prelude::*;
 pub mod value;
 pub use value::*;

-pub mod stage;
-pub use stage::*;
+pub mod phase;
+pub use phase::*;
+
+pub mod phases;
+pub use phases::*;

 pub mod option;
 pub use option::*;
--- a/compiler/src/phase.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/phase.rs
@ -16,6 +16,6 @@

 use leo_asg::Program;

-pub trait ASGStage {
+pub trait ASGPhase {
    fn apply(asg: &mut Program);
 }
--- a/compiler/src/phases/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/phases/mod.rs
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Aleo Systems Inc.
+// This file is part of the Leo library.
+
+// The Leo library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// The Leo library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Compiles a Leo program from a file path.
+
+pub mod reducing_director;
+pub use reducing_director::*;
+
+pub mod phase;
+pub use phase::*;
--- a/compiler/src/phases/phase.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/phases/phase.rs
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Aleo Systems Inc.
+// This file is part of the Leo library.
+
+// The Leo library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// The Leo library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Compiles a Leo program from a file path.
+
+use crate::{CombineAstAsgDirector, CombinerOptions};
+use leo_asg::Program as AsgProgram;
+use leo_ast::{Ast, Program as AstProgram, ReconstructingReducer, ReducerError};
+
+macro_rules! phase {
+    ($phase_name:ident, $function:item) => {
+        pub struct $phase_name {
+            in_circuit: bool,
+        }
+
+        pub struct Options;
+
+        impl CombinerOptions for Options {
+            $function
+        }
+
+        impl ReconstructingReducer for $phase_name {
+            fn in_circuit(&self) -> bool {
+                self.in_circuit
+            }
+
+            fn swap_in_circuit(&mut self) {
+                self.in_circuit = !self.in_circuit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl Default for $phase_name {
+            fn default() -> Self {
+                Self { in_circuit: false }
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl $phase_name {
+            pub fn phase_ast(&self, ast: &AstProgram, asg: &AsgProgram) -> Result<Ast, ReducerError> {
+                Ok(Ast::new(CombineAstAsgDirector::new(Self::default(), Options{})
+                    .reduce_program(ast, asg)?))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+phase!(
+    TypeInferencePhase,
+    fn type_inference_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+);
--- a/compiler/src/phases/reducing_director.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/phases/reducing_director.rs
@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Aleo Systems Inc.
+// This file is part of the Leo library.
+
+// The Leo library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// The Leo library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with the Leo library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Compiles a Leo program from a file path.
+
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use leo_asg::{
+    ArrayAccessExpression as AsgArrayAccessExpression,
+    ArrayInitExpression as AsgArrayInitExpression,
+    ArrayInlineExpression as AsgArrayInlineExpression,
+    ArrayRangeAccessExpression as AsgArrayRangeAccessExpression,
+    AssignAccess as AsgAssignAccess,
+    AssignStatement as AsgAssignStatement,
+    BinaryExpression as AsgBinaryExpression,
+    BlockStatement as AsgBlockStatement,
+    CallExpression as AsgCallExpression,
+    CastExpression as AsgCastExpression,
+    Circuit as AsgCircuit,
+    CircuitAccessExpression as AsgCircuitAccessExpression,
+    CircuitInitExpression as AsgCircuitInitExpression,
+    CircuitMember as AsgCircuitMember,
+    ConditionalStatement as AsgConditionalStatement,
+    ConsoleFunction as AsgConsoleFunction,
+    ConsoleStatement as AsgConsoleStatement,
+    ConstValue,
+    Constant as AsgConstant,
+    DefinitionStatement as AsgDefinitionStatement,
+    Expression as AsgExpression,
+    ExpressionStatement as AsgExpressionStatement,
+    Function as AsgFunction,
+    GroupValue as AsgGroupValue,
+    IterationStatement as AsgIterationStatement,
+    ReturnStatement as AsgReturnStatement,
+    Statement as AsgStatement,
+    TernaryExpression as AsgTernaryExpression,
+    TupleAccessExpression as AsgTupleAccessExpression,
+    TupleInitExpression as AsgTupleInitExpression,
+    Type as AsgType,
+    UnaryExpression as AsgUnaryExpression,
+    VariableRef as AsgVariableRef,
+};
+use leo_ast::{
+    ArrayAccessExpression as AstArrayAccessExpression,
+    ArrayDimensions,
+    ArrayInitExpression as AstArrayInitExpression,
+    ArrayInlineExpression as AstArrayInlineExpression,
+    ArrayRangeAccessExpression as AstArrayRangeAccessExpression,
+    AssignStatement as AstAssignStatement,
+    Assignee,
+    AssigneeAccess as AstAssignAccess,
+    BinaryExpression as AstBinaryExpression,
+    Block as AstBlockStatement,
+    CallExpression as AstCallExpression,
+    CastExpression as AstCastExpression,
+    Circuit as AstCircuit,
+    CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition,
+    CircuitInitExpression as AstCircuitInitExpression,
+    CircuitMember as AstCircuitMember,
+    CircuitMemberAccessExpression,
+    CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression,
+    CombinerError,
+    ConditionalStatement as AstConditionalStatement,
+    ConsoleFunction as AstConsoleFunction,
+    ConsoleStatement as AstConsoleStatement,
+    DefinitionStatement as AstDefinitionStatement,
+    Expression as AstExpression,
+    ExpressionStatement as AstExpressionStatement,
+    FormatString,
+    Function as AstFunction,
+    GroupTuple,
+    GroupValue as AstGroupValue,
+    IterationStatement as AstIterationStatement,
+    PositiveNumber,
+    ReconstructingReducer,
+    ReducerError,
+    ReturnStatement as AstReturnStatement,
+    Span,
+    SpreadOrExpression,
+    Statement as AstStatement,
+    TernaryExpression as AstTernaryExpression,
+    TupleAccessExpression as AstTupleAccessExpression,
+    TupleInitExpression as AstTupleInitExpression,
+    Type as AstType,
+    UnaryExpression as AstUnaryExpression,
+    ValueExpression,
+};
+use tendril::StrTendril;
+
+pub trait CombinerOptions {
+    fn type_inference_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CombineAstAsgDirector<R: ReconstructingReducer, O: CombinerOptions> {
+    ast_reducer: R,
+    options: O,
+}
+
+impl<R: ReconstructingReducer, O: CombinerOptions> CombineAstAsgDirector<R, O> {
+    pub fn new(ast_reducer: R, options: O) -> Self {
+        Self { ast_reducer, options }
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_type(&mut self, ast: &AstType, asg: &AsgType, span: &Span) -> Result<AstType, ReducerError> {
+        let new = match (ast, asg) {
+            (AstType::Array(ast_type, ast_dimensions), AsgType::Array(asg_type, asg_dimensions)) => {
+                if self.options.type_inference_enabled() {
+                    AstType::Array(
+                        Box::new(self.reduce_type(ast_type, asg_type, span)?),
+                        ArrayDimensions(vec![PositiveNumber {
+                            value: StrTendril::from(format!("{}", asg_dimensions)),
+                        }]),
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    AstType::Array(
+                        Box::new(self.reduce_type(ast_type, asg_type, span)?),
+                        ast_dimensions.clone(),
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+            (AstType::Tuple(ast_types), AsgType::Tuple(asg_types)) => {
+                let mut reduced_types = vec![];
+                for (ast_type, asg_type) in ast_types.iter().zip(asg_types) {
+                    reduced_types.push(self.reduce_type(ast_type, asg_type, span)?);
+                }
+
+                AstType::Tuple(reduced_types)
+            }
+            _ => ast.clone(),
+        };
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_type(ast, new, span)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_expression(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstExpression,
+        asg: &AsgExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let new = match (ast, asg) {
+            (AstExpression::Value(value), AsgExpression::Constant(const_)) => {
+                AstExpression::Value(self.reduce_value(&value, &const_)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::Binary(ast), AsgExpression::Binary(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::Binary(self.reduce_binary(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::Unary(ast), AsgExpression::Unary(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::Unary(self.reduce_unary(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::Ternary(ast), AsgExpression::Ternary(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::Ternary(self.reduce_ternary(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::Cast(ast), AsgExpression::Cast(asg)) => AstExpression::Cast(self.reduce_cast(&ast, &asg)?),
+
+            (AstExpression::ArrayInline(ast), AsgExpression::ArrayInline(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::ArrayInline(self.reduce_array_inline(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::ArrayInit(ast), AsgExpression::ArrayInit(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::ArrayInit(self.reduce_array_init(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::ArrayAccess(ast), AsgExpression::ArrayAccess(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::ArrayAccess(self.reduce_array_access(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::ArrayRangeAccess(ast), AsgExpression::ArrayRangeAccess(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::ArrayRangeAccess(self.reduce_array_range_access(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+
+            (AstExpression::TupleInit(ast), AsgExpression::TupleInit(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::TupleInit(self.reduce_tuple_init(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::TupleAccess(ast), AsgExpression::TupleAccess(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::TupleAccess(self.reduce_tuple_access(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+
+            (AstExpression::CircuitInit(ast), AsgExpression::CircuitInit(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::CircuitInit(self.reduce_circuit_init(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::CircuitMemberAccess(ast), AsgExpression::CircuitAccess(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::CircuitMemberAccess(self.reduce_circuit_member_access(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstExpression::CircuitStaticFunctionAccess(ast), AsgExpression::CircuitAccess(asg)) => {
+                AstExpression::CircuitStaticFunctionAccess(self.reduce_circuit_static_fn_access(&ast, &asg)?)
+            }
+
+            (AstExpression::Call(ast), AsgExpression::Call(asg)) => AstExpression::Call(self.reduce_call(&ast, &asg)?),
+            _ => ast.clone(),
+        };
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_expression(ast, new)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_array_access(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstArrayAccessExpression,
+        asg: &AsgArrayAccessExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstArrayAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let array = self.reduce_expression(&ast.array, asg.array.get())?;
+        let index = self.reduce_expression(&ast.index, asg.index.get())?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_array_access(ast, array, index)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_array_init(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstArrayInitExpression,
+        asg: &AsgArrayInitExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstArrayInitExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let element = self.reduce_expression(&ast.element, asg.element.get())?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_array_init(ast, element)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_array_inline(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstArrayInlineExpression,
+        asg: &AsgArrayInlineExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstArrayInlineExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let mut elements = vec![];
+        for (ast_element, asg_element) in ast.elements.iter().zip(asg.elements.iter()) {
+            let reduced_element = match ast_element {
+                SpreadOrExpression::Expression(ast_expression) => {
+                    SpreadOrExpression::Expression(self.reduce_expression(ast_expression, asg_element.0.get())?)
+                }
+                SpreadOrExpression::Spread(ast_expression) => {
+                    SpreadOrExpression::Spread(self.reduce_expression(ast_expression, asg_element.0.get())?)
+                }
+            };
+
+            elements.push(reduced_element);
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_array_inline(ast, elements)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_array_range_access(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstArrayRangeAccessExpression,
+        asg: &AsgArrayRangeAccessExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstArrayRangeAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let array = self.reduce_expression(&ast.array, asg.array.get())?;
+        let left = match (ast.left.as_ref(), asg.left.get()) {
+            (Some(ast_left), Some(asg_left)) => Some(self.reduce_expression(ast_left, asg_left)?),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        let right = match (ast.right.as_ref(), asg.right.get()) {
+            (Some(ast_right), Some(asg_right)) => Some(self.reduce_expression(ast_right, asg_right)?),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_array_range_access(ast, array, left, right)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_binary(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstBinaryExpression,
+        asg: &AsgBinaryExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstBinaryExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let left = self.reduce_expression(&ast.left, asg.left.get())?;
+        let right = self.reduce_expression(&ast.right, asg.right.get())?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_binary(ast, left, right, ast.op.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_call(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstCallExpression,
+        asg: &AsgCallExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstCallExpression, ReducerError> {
+        // TODO FIGURE IT OUT
+        // let function = self.reduce_expression(&ast.function, asg.function.get())?;
+        // let target = asg.target.get().map(|exp| self.reduce_expression())
+        // Is this needed?
+
+        let mut arguments = vec![];
+        for (ast_arg, asg_arg) in ast.arguments.iter().zip(asg.arguments.iter()) {
+            arguments.push(self.reduce_expression(ast_arg, asg_arg.get())?);
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_call(ast, *ast.function.clone(), arguments)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_cast(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstCastExpression,
+        asg: &AsgCastExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstCastExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let inner = self.reduce_expression(&ast.inner, &asg.inner.get())?;
+        let target_type = self.reduce_type(&ast.target_type, &asg.target_type, &ast.span)?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_cast(ast, inner, target_type)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_circuit_member_access(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &CircuitMemberAccessExpression,
+        _asg: &AsgCircuitAccessExpression,
+    ) -> Result<CircuitMemberAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
+        // let circuit = self.reduce_expression(&circuit_member_access.circuit)?;
+        // let name = self.reduce_identifier(&circuit_member_access.name)?;
+        // let target = input.target.get().map(|e| self.reduce_expression(e));
+
+        self.ast_reducer
+            .reduce_circuit_member_access(ast, *ast.circuit.clone(), ast.name.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_circuit_static_fn_access(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression,
+        _asg: &AsgCircuitAccessExpression,
+    ) -> Result<CircuitStaticFunctionAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
+        // let circuit = self.reduce_expression(&circuit_member_access.circuit)?;
+        // let name = self.reduce_identifier(&circuit_member_access.name)?;
+        // let target = input.target.get().map(|e| self.reduce_expression(e));
+
+        self.ast_reducer
+            .reduce_circuit_static_fn_access(ast, *ast.circuit.clone(), ast.name.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_circuit_implied_variable_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition,
+        asg: &AsgExpression,
+    ) -> Result<CircuitImpliedVariableDefinition, ReducerError> {
+        let expression = ast
+            .expression
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|ast_expr| self.reduce_expression(ast_expr, asg))
+            .transpose()?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer
+            .reduce_circuit_implied_variable_definition(ast, ast.identifier.clone(), expression)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_circuit_init(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstCircuitInitExpression,
+        asg: &AsgCircuitInitExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstCircuitInitExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let mut members = vec![];
+        for (ast_member, asg_member) in ast.members.iter().zip(asg.values.iter()) {
+            members.push(self.reduce_circuit_implied_variable_definition(ast_member, asg_member.1.get())?);
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_circuit_init(ast, ast.name.clone(), members)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_ternary(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstTernaryExpression,
+        asg: &AsgTernaryExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstTernaryExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let condition = self.reduce_expression(&ast.condition, asg.condition.get())?;
+        let if_true = self.reduce_expression(&ast.if_true, asg.if_true.get())?;
+        let if_false = self.reduce_expression(&ast.if_false, asg.if_false.get())?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_ternary(ast, condition, if_true, if_false)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_tuple_access(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstTupleAccessExpression,
+        asg: &AsgTupleAccessExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstTupleAccessExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let tuple = self.reduce_expression(&ast.tuple, asg.tuple_ref.get())?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_tuple_access(ast, tuple)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_tuple_init(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstTupleInitExpression,
+        asg: &AsgTupleInitExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstTupleInitExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let mut elements = vec![];
+        for (ast_element, asg_element) in ast.elements.iter().zip(asg.elements.iter()) {
+            let element = self.reduce_expression(ast_element, asg_element.get())?;
+            elements.push(element);
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_tuple_init(ast, elements)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_unary(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstUnaryExpression,
+        asg: &AsgUnaryExpression,
+    ) -> Result<AstUnaryExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let inner = self.reduce_expression(&ast.inner, asg.inner.get())?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_unary(ast, inner, ast.op.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_value(&mut self, ast: &ValueExpression, asg: &AsgConstant) -> Result<ValueExpression, ReducerError> {
+        let mut new = ast.clone();
+
+        if self.options.type_inference_enabled() {
+            if let ValueExpression::Implicit(tendril, span) = ast {
+                match &asg.value {
+                    ConstValue::Int(int) => {
+                        new = ValueExpression::Integer(int.get_int_type(), tendril.clone(), span.clone());
+                    }
+                    ConstValue::Group(group) => {
+                        let group_value = match group {
+                            AsgGroupValue::Single(_) => AstGroupValue::Single(tendril.clone(), span.clone()),
+                            AsgGroupValue::Tuple(x, y) => AstGroupValue::Tuple(GroupTuple {
+                                x: x.into(),
+                                y: y.into(),
+                                span: span.clone(),
+                            }),
+                        };
+                        new = ValueExpression::Group(Box::new(group_value));
+                    }
+                    ConstValue::Field(_) => {
+                        new = ValueExpression::Field(tendril.clone(), span.clone());
+                    }
+                    ConstValue::Address(_) => {
+                        new = ValueExpression::Address(tendril.clone(), span.clone());
+                    }
+                    ConstValue::Boolean(_) => {
+                        new = ValueExpression::Boolean(tendril.clone(), span.clone());
+                    }
+                    _ => unimplemented!(), // impossible?
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_value(ast, new)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_variable_ref(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &ValueExpression,
+        _asg: &AsgVariableRef,
+    ) -> Result<ValueExpression, ReducerError> {
+        // TODO FIGURE IT OUT
+        let new = match ast {
+            // ValueExpression::Group(group_value) => {
+            //     ValueExpression::Group(Box::new(self.reduce_group_value(&group_value)?))
+            // }
+            _ => ast.clone(),
+        };
+
+        Ok(new)
+        // self.ast_reducer.reduce_value(value, new)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_statement(
+        &mut self,
+        ast_statement: &AstStatement,
+        asg_statement: &AsgStatement,
+    ) -> Result<AstStatement, ReducerError> {
+        let new = match (ast_statement, asg_statement) {
+            (AstStatement::Assign(ast), AsgStatement::Assign(asg)) => {
+                AstStatement::Assign(self.reduce_assign(ast, asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstStatement::Block(ast), AsgStatement::Block(asg)) => AstStatement::Block(self.reduce_block(ast, asg)?),
+            (AstStatement::Conditional(ast), AsgStatement::Conditional(asg)) => {
+                AstStatement::Conditional(self.reduce_conditional(ast, asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstStatement::Console(ast), AsgStatement::Console(asg)) => {
+                AstStatement::Console(self.reduce_console(ast, asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstStatement::Definition(ast), AsgStatement::Definition(asg)) => {
+                AstStatement::Definition(self.reduce_definition(ast, asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstStatement::Expression(ast), AsgStatement::Expression(asg)) => {
+                AstStatement::Expression(self.reduce_expression_statement(ast, asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstStatement::Iteration(ast), AsgStatement::Iteration(asg)) => {
+                AstStatement::Iteration(self.reduce_iteration(ast, asg)?)
+            }
+            (AstStatement::Return(ast), AsgStatement::Return(asg)) => {
+                AstStatement::Return(self.reduce_return(ast, asg)?)
+            }
+            _ => ast_statement.clone(),
+        };
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_statement(ast_statement, new)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_assign_access(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstAssignAccess,
+        asg: &AsgAssignAccess,
+    ) -> Result<AstAssignAccess, ReducerError> {
+        let new = match (ast, asg) {
+            (AstAssignAccess::ArrayRange(ast_left, ast_right), AsgAssignAccess::ArrayRange(asg_left, asg_right)) => {
+                let left = match (ast_left.as_ref(), asg_left.get()) {
+                    (Some(ast_left), Some(asg_left)) => Some(self.reduce_expression(ast_left, asg_left)?),
+                    _ => None,
+                };
+                let right = match (ast_right.as_ref(), asg_right.get()) {
+                    (Some(ast_right), Some(asg_right)) => Some(self.reduce_expression(ast_right, asg_right)?),
+                    _ => None,
+                };
+
+                AstAssignAccess::ArrayRange(left, right)
+            }
+            (AstAssignAccess::ArrayIndex(ast_index), AsgAssignAccess::ArrayIndex(asg_index)) => {
+                let index = self.reduce_expression(&ast_index, asg_index.get())?;
+                AstAssignAccess::ArrayIndex(index)
+            }
+            _ => ast.clone(),
+        };
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_assignee_access(ast, new)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_assignee(&mut self, ast: &Assignee, asg: &[AsgAssignAccess]) -> Result<Assignee, ReducerError> {
+        let mut accesses = vec![];
+        for (ast_access, asg_access) in ast.accesses.iter().zip(asg) {
+            accesses.push(self.reduce_assign_access(ast_access, asg_access)?);
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_assignee(ast, ast.identifier.clone(), accesses)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_assign(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstAssignStatement,
+        asg: &AsgAssignStatement,
+    ) -> Result<AstAssignStatement, ReducerError> {
+        let assignee = self.reduce_assignee(&ast.assignee, &asg.target_accesses)?;
+        let value = self.reduce_expression(&ast.value, asg.value.get())?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_assign(ast, assignee, value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_block(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstBlockStatement,
+        asg: &AsgBlockStatement,
+    ) -> Result<AstBlockStatement, ReducerError> {
+        let mut statements = vec![];
+        for (ast_statement, asg_statement) in ast.statements.iter().zip(asg.statements.iter()) {
+            statements.push(self.reduce_statement(ast_statement, asg_statement.get())?);
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_block(ast, statements)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_conditional(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstConditionalStatement,
+        asg: &AsgConditionalStatement,
+    ) -> Result<AstConditionalStatement, ReducerError> {
+        let condition = self.reduce_expression(&ast.condition, asg.condition.get())?;
+        let block;
+        if let AsgStatement::Block(asg_block) = asg.result.get() {
+            block = self.reduce_block(&ast.block, asg_block)?;
+        } else {
+            return Err(ReducerError::from(CombinerError::asg_statement_not_block(
+                &asg.span.as_ref().unwrap(),
+            )));
+        }
+        let next = match (ast.next.as_ref(), asg.next.get()) {
+            (Some(ast_next), Some(asg_next)) => Some(self.reduce_statement(ast_next, asg_next)?),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_conditional(ast, condition, block, next)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_console(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstConsoleStatement,
+        asg: &AsgConsoleStatement,
+    ) -> Result<AstConsoleStatement, ReducerError> {
+        let function = match (&ast.function, &asg.function) {
+            (AstConsoleFunction::Assert(ast_expression), AsgConsoleFunction::Assert(asg_expression)) => {
+                AstConsoleFunction::Assert(self.reduce_expression(&ast_expression, asg_expression.get())?)
+            }
+            (AstConsoleFunction::Debug(ast_format), AsgConsoleFunction::Debug(asg_format))
+            | (AstConsoleFunction::Error(ast_format), AsgConsoleFunction::Error(asg_format))
+            | (AstConsoleFunction::Log(ast_format), AsgConsoleFunction::Log(asg_format)) => {
+                let mut parameters = vec![];
+                for (ast_parameter, asg_parameter) in ast_format.parameters.iter().zip(asg_format.parameters.iter()) {
+                    parameters.push(self.reduce_expression(&ast_parameter, asg_parameter.get())?);
+                }
+
+                let formatted = FormatString {
+                    parts: ast_format.parts.clone(),
+                    parameters,
+                    span: ast_format.span.clone(),
+                };
+
+                match &ast.function {
+                    AstConsoleFunction::Debug(_) => AstConsoleFunction::Debug(formatted),
+                    AstConsoleFunction::Error(_) => AstConsoleFunction::Error(formatted),
+                    AstConsoleFunction::Log(_) => AstConsoleFunction::Log(formatted),
+                    _ => return Err(ReducerError::impossible_console_assert_call(&ast_format.span)),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => ast.function.clone(),
+        };
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_console(ast, function)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstDefinitionStatement,
+        asg: &AsgDefinitionStatement,
+    ) -> Result<AstDefinitionStatement, ReducerError> {
+        let type_;
+
+        if asg.variables.len() > 1 {
+            let mut types = vec![];
+            for variable in asg.variables.iter() {
+                types.push(variable.borrow().type_.clone());
+            }
+
+            let asg_type = AsgType::Tuple(types);
+
+            type_ = match &ast.type_ {
+                Some(ast_type) => Some(self.reduce_type(&ast_type, &asg_type, &ast.span)?),
+                None if self.options.type_inference_enabled() => Some((&asg_type).into()),
+                _ => None,
+            };
+        } else {
+            type_ = match &ast.type_ {
+                Some(ast_type) => {
+                    Some(self.reduce_type(&ast_type, &asg.variables.first().unwrap().borrow().type_, &ast.span)?)
+                }
+                None if self.options.type_inference_enabled() => {
+                    Some((&asg.variables.first().unwrap().borrow().type_).into())
+                }
+                _ => None,
+            };
+        }
+
+        let value = self.reduce_expression(&ast.value, asg.value.get())?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer
+            .reduce_definition(ast, ast.variable_names.clone(), type_, value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_expression_statement(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstExpressionStatement,
+        asg: &AsgExpressionStatement,
+    ) -> Result<AstExpressionStatement, ReducerError> {
+        let inner_expression = self.reduce_expression(&ast.expression, asg.expression.get())?;
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_expression_statement(ast, inner_expression)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_iteration(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstIterationStatement,
+        asg: &AsgIterationStatement,
+    ) -> Result<AstIterationStatement, ReducerError> {
+        let start = self.reduce_expression(&ast.start, asg.start.get())?;
+        let stop = self.reduce_expression(&ast.stop, asg.stop.get())?;
+        let block;
+        if let AsgStatement::Block(asg_block) = asg.body.get() {
+            block = self.reduce_block(&ast.block, asg_block)?;
+        } else {
+            return Err(ReducerError::from(CombinerError::asg_statement_not_block(
+                &asg.span.as_ref().unwrap(),
+            )));
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer
+            .reduce_iteration(ast, ast.variable.clone(), start, stop, block)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_return(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstReturnStatement,
+        asg: &AsgReturnStatement,
+    ) -> Result<AstReturnStatement, ReducerError> {
+        let expression = self.reduce_expression(&ast.expression, asg.expression.get())?;
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_return(ast, expression)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_program(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &leo_ast::Program,
+        asg: &leo_asg::Program,
+    ) -> Result<leo_ast::Program, leo_ast::ReducerError> {
+        self.ast_reducer.swap_in_circuit();
+        let mut circuits = IndexMap::new();
+        for ((ast_ident, ast_circuit), (_asg_ident, asg_circuit)) in ast.circuits.iter().zip(&asg.circuits) {
+            circuits.insert(ast_ident.clone(), self.reduce_circuit(ast_circuit, asg_circuit)?);
+        }
+        self.ast_reducer.swap_in_circuit();
+
+        let mut functions = IndexMap::new();
+        for ((ast_ident, ast_function), (_asg_ident, asg_function)) in ast.functions.iter().zip(&asg.functions) {
+            functions.insert(ast_ident.clone(), self.reduce_function(ast_function, asg_function)?);
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_program(
+            ast,
+            ast.expected_input.clone(),
+            ast.imports.clone(),
+            circuits,
+            functions,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_function(&mut self, ast: &AstFunction, asg: &AsgFunction) -> Result<AstFunction, ReducerError> {
+        let output = ast
+            .output
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|type_| self.reduce_type(type_, &asg.output, &ast.span))
+            .transpose()?;
+
+        let mut statements = vec![];
+        if let Some(AsgStatement::Block(asg_block)) = asg.body.get() {
+            for (ast_statement, asg_statement) in ast.block.statements.iter().zip(asg_block.statements.iter()) {
+                statements.push(self.reduce_statement(ast_statement, asg_statement.get())?);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let block = AstBlockStatement {
+            statements,
+            span: ast.block.span.clone(),
+        };
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_function(
+            ast,
+            ast.identifier.clone(),
+            ast.annotations.clone(),
+            ast.input.clone(),
+            output,
+            block,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_circuit_member(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &AstCircuitMember,
+        asg: &AsgCircuitMember,
+    ) -> Result<AstCircuitMember, ReducerError> {
+        let new = match (ast, asg) {
+            (AstCircuitMember::CircuitVariable(identifier, ast_type), AsgCircuitMember::Variable(asg_type)) => {
+                AstCircuitMember::CircuitVariable(
+                    identifier.clone(),
+                    self.reduce_type(ast_type, asg_type, &identifier.span)?,
+                )
+            }
+            (AstCircuitMember::CircuitFunction(ast_function), AsgCircuitMember::Function(asg_function)) => {
+                AstCircuitMember::CircuitFunction(self.reduce_function(ast_function, asg_function)?)
+            }
+            _ => ast.clone(),
+        };
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_circuit_member(ast, new)
+    }
+
+    pub fn reduce_circuit(&mut self, ast: &AstCircuit, asg: &AsgCircuit) -> Result<AstCircuit, ReducerError> {
+        let mut members = vec![];
+        for (ast_member, asg_member) in ast.members.iter().zip(asg.members.borrow().iter()) {
+            members.push(self.reduce_circuit_member(ast_member, asg_member.1)?);
+        }
+
+        self.ast_reducer.reduce_circuit(ast, ast.circuit_name.clone(), members)
+    }
+}
--- a/compiler/tests/address/console_assert_fail.leo
+++ b/compiler/tests/address/console_assert_fail.leo
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 function main() {
-    const address_1 = address(aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8);
-    const address_2 = address(aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j9);
+    const address_1 = aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j8;
+    const address_2 = aleo1qnr4dkkvkgfqph0vzc3y6z2eu975wnpz2925ntjccd5cfqxtyu8sta57j9;

    console.assert(address_1 == address_2);
 }
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More