git.iko.soy/Idris-dev
on master help sign in
improve lexer description
3ce4e48martinbaker
docs/image/recogniser.pngnew file
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docs/image/recogniser.svgnew file+477
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90+ sodipodi:role="line">data Recognise : (consumes : Bool) -&gt; Type where</tspan><tspan
91+ style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;font-stretch:normal;font-size:3.52777767px;font-family:sans-serif;-inkscape-font-specification:'sans-serif Bold';stroke-width:0.26458332"
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95+ id="tspan825"> Empty : Recognise False</tspan><tspan
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100+ id="tspan827"> Fail : Recognise c</tspan><tspan
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104+ sodipodi:role="line"
105+ id="tspan829"> Lookahead : (positive : Bool) -&gt; Recognise c -&gt; Recognise False</tspan><tspan
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110+ id="tspan831"> Pred : (Char -&gt; Bool) -&gt; Recognise True</tspan><tspan
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114+ sodipodi:role="line"
115+ id="tspan835"> SeqEat : Recognise True -&gt; Inf (Recognise e) -&gt; Recognise True</tspan><tspan
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119+ sodipodi:role="line"
120+ id="tspan837"> SeqEmpty : Recognise e1 -&gt; Recognise e2 -&gt; Recognise (e1 || e2)</tspan><tspan
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124+ sodipodi:role="line"
125+ id="tspan839"> Alt : Recognise e1 -&gt; Recognise e2 -&gt; Recognise (e1 &amp;&amp; e2)</tspan><tspan
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132+ y="122.37499"
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134+ sodipodi:role="line"
135+ id="tspan843">||| A token recogniser. Guaranteed to consume at least one character.</tspan><tspan
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139+ sodipodi:role="line"
140+ id="tspan845">public export</tspan><tspan
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142+ y="132.95833"
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145+ id="tspan847">Lexer : Type</tspan><tspan
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149+ sodipodi:role="line"
150+ id="tspan849">Lexer = Recognise True</tspan><tspan
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185+ sodipodi:role="line"
186+ id="tspan908">(&lt;+&gt;) : Recognise c1 -&gt; inf c1 (Recognise c2) -&gt; </tspan><tspan
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191+ id="tspan929"> Recognise (c1 || c2)</tspan><tspan
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196+ id="tspan916">Sequence two recognisers. If either consumes a</tspan><tspan
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200+ sodipodi:role="line"
201+ id="tspan918">character, the sequence is guaranteed to</tspan><tspan
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205+ sodipodi:role="line"
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237+ id="tspan973">(&lt;|&gt;) : Recognise c1 -&gt; Recognise c2 -&gt;</tspan><tspan
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242+ id="tspan975"> Recognise (c1 &amp;&amp; c2)</tspan><tspan
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244+ x="130.175"
245+ y="139.83751"
246+ style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;font-stretch:normal;font-size:3.52777767px;font-family:sans-serif;-inkscape-font-specification:'sans-serif Bold';fill:#ff0000;stroke-width:0.26458332"
247+ id="tspan983">Alternative recognisers. If both consume, the</tspan><tspan
248+ sodipodi:role="line"
249+ x="130.175"
250+ y="145.12917"
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252+ id="tspan985">combination is guaranteed to consumer a</tspan><tspan
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257+ id="tspan992">character.</tspan><tspan
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260+ y="155.71251"
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298+ id="tspan1087">Recognise no input (doesn't consume any input)</tspan><tspan
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318+ y="49.614574"
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320+ sodipodi:role="line"
321+ id="tspan1025">fail : Recognise c</tspan><tspan
322+ style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;font-stretch:normal;font-size:3.52777767px;font-family:sans-serif;-inkscape-font-specification:'sans-serif Bold';fill:#ff0000;stroke-width:0.26458332"
323+ y="54.906242"
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325+ sodipodi:role="line"
326+ id="tspan1089">A recogniser that always fails.</tspan><tspan
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346+ y="61.785423"
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348+ sodipodi:role="line"
349+ id="tspan1051">expect : Recognise c -&gt; Recognise False</tspan><tspan
350+ style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;font-stretch:normal;font-size:3.52777767px;font-family:sans-serif;-inkscape-font-specification:'sans-serif Bold';fill:#ff0000;stroke-width:0.26458332"
351+ y="67.077087"
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353+ sodipodi:role="line"
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361+ y="77.660423"
362+ x="128.32292"
363+ sodipodi:role="line"
364+ id="tspan1037" /></text>
365+ <text
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377+ style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;font-stretch:normal;font-size:3.52777767px;font-family:sans-serif;-inkscape-font-specification:'sans-serif Bold';fill:#ff0000;stroke-width:0.26458332">pred : (Char -&gt; Bool) -&gt; Lexer</tspan><tspan
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382+ id="tspan1085">Recognise a character that matches a predicate</tspan><tspan
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docs/parserLibrary/lexer.rst+106−76
@@ -1,6 +1,112 @@
1Lexer
1Lexer
2=====
2=====
3
3
4+The lexer is run by calling the 'lex' function in the Text.Lexer.Core
5+module:
6+
7+.. code-block:: idris
8+
9+ lex : TokenMap a -> String -> (List (TokenData a), (Int, Int, String))
10+
11+This function takes a String and returns a list of tokens. With the tokens we have
12+indexes back to the original string which can be used in error messages:
13+
14+.. image:: ../image/tokenise.png
15+ :width: 330px
16+ :height: 73px
17+ :alt: diagram illustrating these stages of lexer
18+
19+TokenMap
20+--------
21+
22+In order to construct this list of tokens we need:
23+
24+- A way to recognise the tokens in the input string.
25+- A way to construct these individual tokens.
26+
27+This is given by the TokenMap. This is a mapping from lexers to the tokens they produce. This is a list of pairs:
28+
29+.. code-block:: idris
30+
31+ (Lexer, String -> tokenType)
32+
33+So for each Lexer in the list, if a substring in the input matches, run
34+the associated function to produce a token of type `tokenType`
35+
36+from Text.Lexer.Core:
37+
38+.. code-block:: idris
39+
40+ TokenMap : (tokenType : Type) -> Type
41+ TokenMap tokenType = List (Lexer, String -> tokenType)
42+
43+We can create a tokenMap by using a function like this:
44+
45+.. code-block:: idris
46+
47+ myTokenMap : TokenMap Token
48+ myTokenMap = [(is 'a',CharLit)]
49+
50+Once we have a TokenMap we can use it to lex many strings.
51+
52+Recognisers
53+-----------
54+
55+The first part of each entry in the TokenMap is the recogniser.
56+
57+A simple recogniser is 'Pred' which uses a predicate (Char -> Bool) to
58+test whether to accept the character. It can be constructed using the 'is' function:
59+
60+.. code-block:: idris
61+
62+ Idris> :module Lexer2
63+ *Lexer2> is 'a'
64+ Pred (\ARG =>
65+ intToBool (prim__eqChar ARG 'a'))
66+ : Recognise True
67+
68+More complicated structures can be recognised as tokens, this is done using
69+the combinator structure of recognisers. This allows recognisers to be
70+combined, for example,
71+
72+.. list-table::
73+
74+ * - <+> means sequence two recognisers. If either consumes a character, the sequence
75+ is guaranteed to consume a character.
76+
77+ - .. code-block:: idris
78+
79+ *Lexer2> is 'a' <+> is 'b'
80+ SeqEat (Pred (\ARG => intToBool (prim__eqChar ARG 'a')))
81+ (Delay (is 'b')) : Recognise True
82+ *Lexer2>
83+
84+ * - <|> means if both consume, the combination is guaranteed
85+ to consumer a character:
86+
87+ - .. code-block:: idris
88+
89+ *Lexer2> is 'a' <|> is 'b'
90+ Alt (Pred (\ARG => intToBool (prim__eqChar ARG 'a')))
91+ (Pred (\ARG => intToBool (prim__eqChar ARG 'b'))) : Recognise True
92+ *Lexer2>
93+
94+
95+.. image:: ../image/recogniser.png
96+ :width: 487px
97+ :height: 249px
98+ :alt: recogniser data structure
99+
100+There are constructors and combinators to allow the construction of the lexer definition:
101+
102+
103+So far, this is static code, to define the lexical structure. To lex a given text we need to pass this to the runtime code.
104+
105+However this can only cut up the string into a list of substrings, these must be converted into tokens so we need a way to construct tokens. This will also depend on the lexical structure we require.
106+
107+Simple Expression Example for Lexer
108+-----------------------------------
109+
4On this page we will implement a lexer to lex a very simple expression, on the
110On this page we will implement a lexer to lex a very simple expression, on the
5next page we will go on to implement a parser for it.
111next page we will go on to implement a parser for it.
6
112
@@ -110,79 +216,3 @@ The lexer uses potentially infinite data structures. It has recursive arguments
110 (is '(' ,\x => OParen),
216 (is '(' ,\x => OParen),
111 (is ')' ,\x => CParen)]
217 (is ')' ,\x => CParen)]
112
218
113−Lexer
114−-----
115−
116−.. image:: ../image/tokenise.png
117− :width: 484px
118− :height: 147px
119− :alt: diagram illustrating these stages of lexer and parser
120−
121−To lex some string to a list of tokens we define the structures using recognisers:
122−
123−img src="recogniser.png" alt="recognisers" width="487" height="249"
124−
125−There are constructors and combinators to allow the construction of the lexer definition:
126−
127−A simple recogniser is 'Pred' which uses a predicate (Char -> Bool) to test whether to accept the character. It can be constructed using the 'is' function:
128−
129−.. code-block:: idris
130−
131− Idris> :module Lexer2
132− *Lexer2> is 'a'
133− Pred (\ARG =>
134− intToBool (prim__eqChar ARG 'a'))
135− : Recognise True
136−
137−Recognisers can be combined, for example,
138−
139−.. list-table::
140−
141− * - <+> means sequence two recognisers. If either consumes a character, the sequence
142− is guaranteed to consume a character.
143−
144− .. code-block:: idris
145−
146− *Lexer2> is 'a' <+> is 'b'
147− SeqEat (Pred (\ARG => intToBool (prim__eqChar ARG 'a')))
148− (Delay (is 'b')) : Recognise True
149− *Lexer2>
150−
151− - <|> means if both consume, the combination is guaranteed
152− to consumer a character:
153−
154− .. code-block:: idris
155−
156− *Lexer2> is 'a' <|> is 'b'
157− Alt (Pred (\ARG => intToBool (prim__eqChar ARG 'a')))
158− (Pred (\ARG => intToBool (prim__eqChar ARG 'b'))) : Recognise True
159− *Lexer2>
160−
161−So far, this is static code, to define the lexical structure. To lex a given text we need to pass this to the runtime code.
162−
163−However this can only cut up the string into a list of substrings, these must be converted into tokens so we need a way to construct tokens. This will also depend on the lexical structure we require.
164−
165−TokenMap
166−--------
167−
168−We then need to generate a TokenMap. This is a mapping from lexers to the tokens they produce. This is a list of pairs:
169−
170−.. code-block:: idris
171−
172− (Lexer, String -> tokenType)
173−
174−For each Lexer in the list, if a substring in the input matches, run
175−the associated function to produce a token of type `tokenType`
176−
177−from Core:
178−
179−.. code-block:: idris
180−
181− TokenMap : (tokenType : Type) -> Type
182− TokenMap tokenType = List (Lexer, String -> tokenType)
183−
184−Here is the code that generates the TokenMap for Idris2 lexer from
185−
186−_`TokenMap for Idris2 lexer`: https://github.com/edwinb/Idris2/blob/master/src/Parser/Lexer.idr">src/Parser/Lexer.idr
187−
188−So, for our code, we can then turn this into a tokenMap by using a function like this:.