LibCpp: Add SemanticSyntaxHighlighter

The SemanticSyntaxHighlighter uses TokenInfo results from the
language server to provide 'semantic' syntax highlighting, which
provides more fin-grained text spans results.

For example, the SemanticSyntaxHighlighter can color function calls,
member fields references and user-defined types in different colors.

With the simple lexer-only syntax highlighter, all of these tokens were
given the same text highlighting span type.

Since we have to provide immediate highlighting feedback to the user
after each edit and before we get the result for the language server,
we use a heuristic which computes the diff between the current tokens
and the last known tokens with compete semantic information
(We use LibDiff for this).

This heuristic is not very performant, and starts feeling sluggish with
bigger (~200 LOC) files.
A possible future improvement would be only computing the diff for
tokens in text ranges that have changes since the last commit.

Userland/Libraries/LibCpp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ set(SOURCES
     Lexer.cpp
     Parser.cpp
     Preprocessor.cpp
+    SemanticSyntaxHighlighter.cpp
     SyntaxHighlighter.cpp
     Token.cpp
 )
 
 serenity_lib(LibCpp cpp)
-target_link_libraries(LibCpp LibC LibSyntax)
+target_link_libraries(LibCpp LibC LibSyntax LibDiff)

Userland/Libraries/LibCpp/SemanticSyntaxHighlighter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Itamar S. <itamar8910@gmail.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, the SerenityOS developers.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ */
+
+#include "SemanticSyntaxHighlighter.h"
+#include "Lexer.h"
+#include <LibDiff/Generator.h>
+#include <LibGUI/AutocompleteProvider.h>
+#include <LibGfx/Palette.h>
+
+namespace Cpp {
+
+void SemanticSyntaxHighlighter::rehighlight(Palette const& palette)
+{
+    Vector<GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo> new_tokens_info;
+    auto text = m_client->get_text();
+    {
+        Threading::MutexLocker locker(m_lock);
+        Cpp::Lexer lexer(text);
+        lexer.set_ignore_whitespace(true);
+        auto current_tokens = lexer.lex();
+
+        StringBuilder current_tokens_as_lines;
+        StringBuilder previous_tokens_as_lines;
+
+        for (auto& token : current_tokens)
+            current_tokens_as_lines.appendff("{}\n", token.type_as_string());
+
+        for (Cpp::Token const& token : m_saved_tokens)
+            previous_tokens_as_lines.appendff("{}\n", token.type_as_string());
+
+        auto previous = previous_tokens_as_lines.build();
+        auto current = current_tokens_as_lines.build();
+
+        // FIXME: Computing the diff on the entire document's tokens is quite inefficient.
+        //        An improvement over this could be only including the tokens that are in edited text ranges in the diff.
+        auto diff_hunks = Diff::from_text(previous.view(), current.view());
+        for (auto& token : current_tokens) {
+            new_tokens_info.append(GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo { GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Unknown,
+                token.start().line, token.start().column, token.end().line, token.end().column });
+        }
+        size_t previous_token_index = 0;
+        size_t current_token_index = 0;
+        for (auto const& hunk : diff_hunks) {
+            for (; previous_token_index < hunk.original_start_line; ++previous_token_index) {
+                new_tokens_info[current_token_index].type = m_tokens_info[previous_token_index].type;
+                ++current_token_index;
+            }
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < hunk.added_lines.size(); ++i) {
+                ++current_token_index;
+            }
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < hunk.removed_lines.size(); ++i) {
+                ++previous_token_index;
+            }
+        }
+        while (current_token_index < new_tokens_info.size() && previous_token_index < m_tokens_info.size()) {
+            new_tokens_info[current_token_index].type = m_tokens_info[previous_token_index].type;
+
+            ++previous_token_index;
+            ++current_token_index;
+        }
+    }
+
+    update_spans(new_tokens_info, palette);
+}
+
+static Syntax::TextStyle style_for_token_type(Gfx::Palette const& palette, GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType type)
+{
+    switch (type) {
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Unknown:
+        return { palette.base_text(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Keyword:
+        return { palette.syntax_keyword(), true };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Type:
+        return { palette.syntax_type(), true };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Identifier:
+        return { palette.syntax_identifier(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::String:
+        return { palette.syntax_string(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Number:
+        return { palette.syntax_number(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::IncludePath:
+        return { palette.syntax_preprocessor_value(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::PreprocessorStatement:
+        return { palette.syntax_preprocessor_statement(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Comment:
+        return { palette.syntax_comment(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Function:
+        return { palette.syntax_function(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Variable:
+        return { palette.syntax_variable(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::CustomType:
+        return { palette.syntax_custom_type(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Namespace:
+        return { palette.syntax_namespace(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Member:
+        return { palette.syntax_member(), false };
+    case GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Parameter:
+        return { palette.syntax_parameter(), false };
+    default:
+        VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+        return { palette.base_text(), false };
+    }
+}
+void SemanticSyntaxHighlighter::update_spans(Vector<GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo> const& tokens_info, Gfx::Palette const& pallete)
+{
+    Vector<GUI::TextDocumentSpan> spans;
+    for (auto& token : tokens_info) {
+        // FIXME: The +1 for the token end column is a quick hack due to not wanting to modify the lexer (which is also used by the parser). Maybe there's a better way to do this.
+        GUI::TextDocumentSpan span;
+        span.range.set_start({ token.start_line, token.start_column });
+        span.range.set_end({ token.end_line, token.end_column + 1 });
+        auto style = style_for_token_type(pallete, token.type);
+        span.attributes.color = style.color;
+        span.attributes.bold = style.bold;
+        span.is_skippable = token.type == GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Whitespace;
+        span.data = static_cast<u64>(token.type);
+        spans.append(span);
+    }
+    m_client->do_set_spans(move(spans));
+
+    m_has_brace_buddies = false;
+    highlight_matching_token_pair();
+
+    m_client->do_update();
+}
+
+void SemanticSyntaxHighlighter::update_tokens_info(Vector<GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo> tokens_info)
+{
+    {
+        Threading::MutexLocker locker(m_lock);
+        m_tokens_info = move(tokens_info);
+
+        m_saved_tokens_text = m_client->get_text();
+        Cpp::Lexer lexer(m_saved_tokens_text);
+        lexer.set_ignore_whitespace(true);
+        m_saved_tokens = lexer.lex();
+    }
+}
+
+bool SemanticSyntaxHighlighter::is_identifier(u64 token_type) const
+{
+    using GUI::AutocompleteProvider;
+    auto type = static_cast<AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType>(token_type);
+
+    return type == AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Identifier
+        || type == AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Function
+        || type == AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Variable
+        || type == AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::CustomType
+        || type == AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Namespace
+        || type == AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Member
+        || type == AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::Parameter;
+}
+
+bool SemanticSyntaxHighlighter::is_navigatable(u64 token_type) const
+{
+    return static_cast<GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType>(token_type) == GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo::SemanticType::IncludePath;
+}
+
+}

Userland/Libraries/LibCpp/SemanticSyntaxHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Itamar S. <itamar8910@gmail.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, the SerenityOS developers.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "SyntaxHighlighter.h"
+#include "Token.h"
+#include <LibGUI/AutocompleteProvider.h>
+#include <LibSyntax/Highlighter.h>
+#include <LibThreading/Mutex.h>
+
+namespace Cpp {
+
+class SemanticSyntaxHighlighter final : public Syntax::Highlighter {
+
+public:
+    SemanticSyntaxHighlighter() { }
+    virtual ~SemanticSyntaxHighlighter() override = default;
+
+    virtual bool is_identifier(u64 token) const override;
+    virtual bool is_navigatable(u64 token) const override;
+
+    virtual Syntax::Language language() const override { return Syntax::Language::Cpp; }
+    virtual void rehighlight(Palette const&) override;
+
+    void update_tokens_info(Vector<GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo>);
+
+    virtual bool is_cpp_semantic_highlighter() const override { return true; }
+
+protected:
+    virtual Vector<MatchingTokenPair> matching_token_pairs_impl() const override { return m_simple_syntax_highlighter.matching_token_pairs_impl(); };
+    virtual bool token_types_equal(u64 token1, u64 token2) const override { return m_simple_syntax_highlighter.token_types_equal(token1, token2); };
+
+private:
+    void update_spans(Vector<GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo> const&, Gfx::Palette const&);
+
+    Cpp::SyntaxHighlighter m_simple_syntax_highlighter;
+    Vector<GUI::AutocompleteProvider::TokenInfo> m_tokens_info;
+    String m_saved_tokens_text;
+    Vector<Token> m_saved_tokens;
+    Threading::Mutex m_lock;
+};
+}
+template<>
+inline bool Syntax::Highlighter::fast_is<Cpp::SemanticSyntaxHighlighter>() const { return is_cpp_semantic_highlighter(); }

Userland/Libraries/LibCpp/SyntaxHighlighter.h

@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@
 
 namespace Cpp {
 
+class SemanticSyntaxHighlighter;
+
 class SyntaxHighlighter final : public Syntax::Highlighter {
+    friend SemanticSyntaxHighlighter;
+
 public:
     SyntaxHighlighter() { }
     virtual ~SyntaxHighlighter() override;

Userland/Libraries/LibSyntax/Highlighter.h

@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ public:
     };
     Vector<MatchingTokenPair> matching_token_pairs() const;
 
+    template<typename T>
+    bool fast_is() const = delete;
+
+    // FIXME: When other syntax highlighters start using a language server, we should add a common base class here.
+    virtual bool is_cpp_semantic_highlighter() const { return false; }
+
 protected:
     Highlighter() { }