diff --git a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLButtonElement.cpp b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLButtonElement.cpp
index 84e96248f06..508c568967a 100644
--- a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLButtonElement.cpp
+++ b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLButtonElement.cpp
@@ -70,40 +70,40 @@ bool HTMLButtonElement::has_activation_behavior() const
     return true;
 }
 
-void HTMLButtonElement::activation_behavior(DOM::Event const&)
+void HTMLButtonElement::activation_behavior(DOM::Event const& event)
 {
     // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-button-element:activation-behaviour
     // 1. If element is disabled, then return.
     if (!enabled())
         return;
 
-    // 2. If element does not have a form owner, then return.
-    if (!form())
-        return;
-
-    // 3. If element's node document is not fully active, then return.
+    // 2. If element's node document is not fully active, then return.
     if (!this->document().is_fully_active())
         return;
 
-    // 4. Switch on element's type attribute's state:
-    switch (type_state()) {
-    case TypeAttributeState::Submit:
-        // Submit Button
-        // Submit element's form owner from element.
-        form()->submit_form(*this).release_value_but_fixme_should_propagate_errors();
-        break;
-    case TypeAttributeState::Reset:
-        // Reset Button
-        // Reset element's form owner.
-        form()->reset_form();
-        break;
-    case TypeAttributeState::Button:
-        // Button
-        // Do nothing.
-        break;
-    default:
-        VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+    // 3. If element has a form owner then switch on element's type attribute's state, then:
+    if (form() != nullptr) {
+        switch (type_state()) {
+        case TypeAttributeState::Submit:
+            // Submit Button
+            // Submit element's form owner from element with userInvolvement set to event's user navigation involvement.
+            form()->submit_form(*this, { .user_involvement = user_navigation_involvement(event) }).release_value_but_fixme_should_propagate_errors();
+            break;
+        case TypeAttributeState::Reset:
+            // Reset Button
+            // Reset element's form owner.
+            form()->reset_form();
+            break;
+        case TypeAttributeState::Button:
+            // Button
+            // Do nothing.
+            break;
+        default:
+            VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+        }
     }
+
+    // 4. FIXME: Run the popover target attribute activation behavior given element.
 }
 
 }
diff --git a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLFormElement.cpp b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLFormElement.cpp
index fc4803d04eb..e86d00f1496 100644
--- a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLFormElement.cpp
+++ b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLFormElement.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ void HTMLFormElement::visit_edges(Cell::Visitor& visitor)
 }
 
 // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#concept-form-submit
-WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLFormElement::submit_form(JS::NonnullGCPtr<HTMLElement> submitter, bool from_submit_binding)
+WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLFormElement::submit_form(JS::NonnullGCPtr<HTMLElement> submitter, SubmitFormOptions options)
 {
     auto& vm = this->vm();
     auto& realm = this->realm();
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLFormElement::submit_form(JS::NonnullGCPtr<HTMLElem
         return {};
 
     // 5. If the submitted from submit() method flag is not set, then:
-    if (!from_submit_binding) {
+    if (!options.from_submit_binding) {
         // 1. If form's firing submission events is true, then return.
         if (m_firing_submission_events)
             return {};
@@ -203,13 +203,12 @@ WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLFormElement::submit_form(JS::NonnullGCPtr<HTMLElem
         return {};
     }
 
-    // 22. Let historyHandling be "push".
-    // NOTE: This is `Default` in the old spec.
-    auto history_handling = HistoryHandlingBehavior::Default;
+    // 22. Let historyHandling be "auto".
+    auto history_handling = Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior::Auto;
 
     // 23. If form document has not yet completely loaded, then set historyHandling to "replace".
     if (!form_document->is_completely_loaded())
-        history_handling = HistoryHandlingBehavior::Replace;
+        history_handling = Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior::Replace;
 
     // 24. Select the appropriate row in the table below based on scheme as given by the first cell of each row.
     //     Then, select the appropriate cell on that row based on method as given in the first cell of each column.
@@ -233,21 +232,21 @@ WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLFormElement::submit_form(JS::NonnullGCPtr<HTMLElem
 
     if (scheme.is_one_of("http"sv, "https"sv)) {
         if (method == MethodAttributeState::GET)
-            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, mutate_action_url(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling));
+            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, mutate_action_url(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling, options.user_involvement));
         else
-            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, submit_as_entity_body(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), encoding_type, move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling));
+            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, submit_as_entity_body(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), encoding_type, move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling, options.user_involvement));
     } else if (scheme.is_one_of("ftp"sv, "javascript"sv)) {
-        get_action_url(move(parsed_action), *target_navigable, history_handling);
+        get_action_url(move(parsed_action), *target_navigable, history_handling, options.user_involvement);
     } else if (scheme == "data"sv) {
         if (method == MethodAttributeState::GET)
-            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, mutate_action_url(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling));
+            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, mutate_action_url(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling, options.user_involvement));
         else
-            get_action_url(move(parsed_action), *target_navigable, history_handling);
+            get_action_url(move(parsed_action), *target_navigable, history_handling, options.user_involvement);
     } else if (scheme == "mailto"sv) {
         if (method == MethodAttributeState::GET)
-            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, mail_with_headers(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling));
+            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, mail_with_headers(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling, options.user_involvement));
         else
-            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, mail_as_body(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), encoding_type, move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling));
+            TRY_OR_THROW_OOM(vm, mail_as_body(move(parsed_action), move(entry_list), encoding_type, move(encoding), *target_navigable, history_handling, options.user_involvement));
     } else {
         dbgln("Failed to submit form: Unknown scheme: {}", scheme);
         return {};
@@ -279,7 +278,7 @@ void HTMLFormElement::reset_form()
 
 WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLFormElement::submit()
 {
-    return submit_form(*this, true);
+    return submit_form(*this, { .from_submit_binding = true });
 }
 
 // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#dom-form-reset
@@ -645,7 +644,7 @@ static ErrorOr<String> plain_text_encode(Vector<URL::QueryParam> const& pairs)
 }
 
 // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#submit-mutate-action
-ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::mutate_action_url(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling)
+ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::mutate_action_url(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement)
 {
     // 1. Let pairs be the result of converting to a list of name-value pairs with entry list.
     auto pairs = TRY(convert_to_list_of_name_value_pairs(entry_list));
@@ -657,12 +656,12 @@ ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::mutate_action_url(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<X
     parsed_action.set_query(query);
 
     // 4. Plan to navigate to parsed action.
-    plan_to_navigate_to(move(parsed_action), Empty {}, target_navigable, history_handling);
+    plan_to_navigate_to(move(parsed_action), Empty {}, target_navigable, history_handling, user_involvement);
     return {};
 }
 
 // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#submit-body
-ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::submit_as_entity_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, EncodingTypeAttributeState encoding_type, [[maybe_unused]] String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling)
+ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::submit_as_entity_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, EncodingTypeAttributeState encoding_type, [[maybe_unused]] String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement)
 {
     // 1. Assert: method is POST.
 
@@ -716,20 +715,20 @@ ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::submit_as_entity_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vect
     }
 
     // 3. Plan to navigate to parsed action given a POST resource whose request body is body and request content-type is mimeType.
-    plan_to_navigate_to(parsed_action, POSTResource { .request_body = move(body), .request_content_type = mime_type }, target_navigable, history_handling);
+    plan_to_navigate_to(parsed_action, POSTResource { .request_body = move(body), .request_content_type = mime_type }, target_navigable, history_handling, user_involvement);
     return {};
 }
 
 // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#submit-get-action
-void HTMLFormElement::get_action_url(AK::URL parsed_action, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Web::HTML::HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling)
+void HTMLFormElement::get_action_url(AK::URL parsed_action, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement)
 {
     // 1. Plan to navigate to parsed action.
     // Spec Note: entry list is discarded.
-    plan_to_navigate_to(move(parsed_action), Empty {}, target_navigable, history_handling);
+    plan_to_navigate_to(move(parsed_action), Empty {}, target_navigable, history_handling, user_involvement);
 }
 
 // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#submit-mailto-headers
-ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::mail_with_headers(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, [[maybe_unused]] String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling)
+ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::mail_with_headers(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, [[maybe_unused]] String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement)
 {
     // 1. Let pairs be the result of converting to a list of name-value pairs with entry list.
     auto pairs = TRY(convert_to_list_of_name_value_pairs(entry_list));
@@ -744,11 +743,11 @@ ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::mail_with_headers(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<X
     parsed_action.set_query(headers);
 
     // 5. Plan to navigate to parsed action.
-    plan_to_navigate_to(move(parsed_action), Empty {}, target_navigable, history_handling);
+    plan_to_navigate_to(move(parsed_action), Empty {}, target_navigable, history_handling, user_involvement);
     return {};
 }
 
-ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::mail_as_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, EncodingTypeAttributeState encoding_type, [[maybe_unused]] String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling)
+ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::mail_as_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, EncodingTypeAttributeState encoding_type, [[maybe_unused]] String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement)
 {
     // 1. Let pairs be the result of converting to a list of name-value pairs with entry list.
     auto pairs = TRY(convert_to_list_of_name_value_pairs(entry_list));
@@ -797,25 +796,12 @@ ErrorOr<void> HTMLFormElement::mail_as_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::F
     parsed_action.set_query(MUST(query_builder.to_string()));
 
     // 7. Plan to navigate to parsed action.
-    plan_to_navigate_to(move(parsed_action), Empty {}, target_navigable, history_handling);
+    plan_to_navigate_to(move(parsed_action), Empty {}, target_navigable, history_handling, user_involvement);
     return {};
 }
 
-// FIXME:
-static Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior to_navigation_history_behavior(HistoryHandlingBehavior b)
-{
-    switch (b) {
-    case HistoryHandlingBehavior::Push:
-        return Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior::Push;
-    case HistoryHandlingBehavior::Replace:
-        return Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior::Replace;
-    default:
-        return Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior::Auto;
-    }
-}
-
 // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#plan-to-navigate
-void HTMLFormElement::plan_to_navigate_to(AK::URL url, Variant<Empty, String, POSTResource> post_resource, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling)
+void HTMLFormElement::plan_to_navigate_to(AK::URL url, Variant<Empty, String, POSTResource> post_resource, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement)
 {
     // 1. Let referrerPolicy be the empty string.
     ReferrerPolicy::ReferrerPolicy referrer_policy = ReferrerPolicy::ReferrerPolicy::EmptyString;
@@ -835,7 +821,7 @@ void HTMLFormElement::plan_to_navigate_to(AK::URL url, Variant<Empty, String, PO
 
     // 4. Queue an element task on the DOM manipulation task source given the form element and the following steps:
     // NOTE: `this`, `actual_resource` and `target_navigable` are protected by JS::SafeFunction.
-    queue_an_element_task(Task::Source::DOMManipulation, [this, url, post_resource, target_navigable, history_handling, referrer_policy]() {
+    queue_an_element_task(Task::Source::DOMManipulation, [this, url, post_resource, target_navigable, history_handling, referrer_policy, user_involvement]() {
         // 1. Set the form's planned navigation to null.
         m_planned_navigation = nullptr;
 
@@ -846,8 +832,9 @@ void HTMLFormElement::plan_to_navigate_to(AK::URL url, Variant<Empty, String, PO
             .document_resource = post_resource,
             .response = nullptr,
             .exceptions_enabled = false,
-            .history_handling = to_navigation_history_behavior(history_handling),
-            .referrer_policy = referrer_policy }));
+            .history_handling = history_handling,
+            .referrer_policy = referrer_policy,
+            .user_involvement = user_involvement }));
     });
 
     // 5. Set the form's planned navigation to the just-queued task.
diff --git a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLFormElement.h b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLFormElement.h
index 8d574ad5a03..67f461132ae 100644
--- a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLFormElement.h
+++ b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLFormElement.h
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include <LibWeb/HTML/AbstractBrowsingContext.h>
 #include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLElement.h>
 #include <LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.h>
-#include <LibWeb/HTML/HistoryHandlingBehavior.h>
+#include <LibWeb/HTML/Navigable.h>
 
 namespace Web::HTML {
 
@@ -54,7 +54,11 @@ public:
 
     EncodingTypeAttributeState encoding_type_state_from_form_element(JS::NonnullGCPtr<HTMLElement> element) const;
 
-    WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> submit_form(JS::NonnullGCPtr<HTMLElement> submitter, bool from_submit_binding = false);
+    struct SubmitFormOptions {
+        bool from_submit_binding = { false };
+        UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement = { UserNavigationInvolvement::None };
+    };
+    WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> submit_form(JS::NonnullGCPtr<HTMLElement> submitter, SubmitFormOptions);
 
     void reset_form();
 
@@ -106,12 +110,12 @@ private:
 
     ErrorOr<String> pick_an_encoding() const;
 
-    ErrorOr<void> mutate_action_url(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling);
-    ErrorOr<void> submit_as_entity_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, EncodingTypeAttributeState encoding_type, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling);
-    void get_action_url(AK::URL parsed_action, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling);
-    ErrorOr<void> mail_with_headers(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling);
-    ErrorOr<void> mail_as_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, EncodingTypeAttributeState encoding_type, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling);
-    void plan_to_navigate_to(AK::URL url, Variant<Empty, String, POSTResource> post_resource, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, HistoryHandlingBehavior history_handling);
+    ErrorOr<void> mutate_action_url(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement);
+    ErrorOr<void> submit_as_entity_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, EncodingTypeAttributeState encoding_type, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement);
+    void get_action_url(AK::URL parsed_action, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement);
+    ErrorOr<void> mail_with_headers(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement);
+    ErrorOr<void> mail_as_body(AK::URL parsed_action, Vector<XHR::FormDataEntry> entry_list, EncodingTypeAttributeState encoding_type, String encoding, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement);
+    void plan_to_navigate_to(AK::URL url, Variant<Empty, String, POSTResource> post_resource, JS::NonnullGCPtr<Navigable> target_navigable, Bindings::NavigationHistoryBehavior history_handling, UserNavigationInvolvement user_involvement);
 
     bool m_firing_submission_events { false };
 
diff --git a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.cpp b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.cpp
index 25763fe1eb1..9085261bf9e 100644
--- a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.cpp
+++ b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.cpp
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLInputElement::show_picker()
 }
 
 // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#input-activation-behavior
-WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLInputElement::run_input_activation_behavior()
+WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLInputElement::run_input_activation_behavior(DOM::Event const& event)
 {
     if (type_state() == TypeAttributeState::Checkbox || type_state() == TypeAttributeState::RadioButton) {
         // 1. If the element is not connected, then return.
@@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> HTMLInputElement::run_input_activation_behavior()
         if (!document().is_fully_active())
             return {};
 
-        // 3. Submit the form owner from the element.
-        TRY(form->submit_form(*this));
+        // 3. Submit the element's form owner from the element with userInvolvement set to event's user navigation involvement.
+        TRY(form->submit_form(*this, { .user_involvement = user_navigation_involvement(event) }));
     } else if (type_state() == TypeAttributeState::FileUpload || type_state() == TypeAttributeState::Color) {
         show_the_picker_if_applicable(*this);
     }
@@ -1581,14 +1581,14 @@ bool HTMLInputElement::has_activation_behavior() const
     return true;
 }
 
-void HTMLInputElement::activation_behavior(DOM::Event const&)
+void HTMLInputElement::activation_behavior(DOM::Event const& event)
 {
     // The activation behavior for input elements are these steps:
 
     // FIXME: 1. If this element is not mutable and is not in the Checkbox state and is not in the Radio state, then return.
 
     // 2. Run this element's input activation behavior, if any, and do nothing otherwise.
-    run_input_activation_behavior().release_value_but_fixme_should_propagate_errors();
+    run_input_activation_behavior(event).release_value_but_fixme_should_propagate_errors();
 }
 
 bool HTMLInputElement::has_input_activation_behavior() const
diff --git a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.h b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.h
index b9d184b3252..9ee995db3f4 100644
--- a/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.h
+++ b/Userland/Libraries/LibWeb/HTML/HTMLInputElement.h
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ private:
     void create_text_input_shadow_tree();
     void create_color_input_shadow_tree();
     void create_range_input_shadow_tree();
-    WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> run_input_activation_behavior();
+    WebIDL::ExceptionOr<void> run_input_activation_behavior(DOM::Event const&);
     void set_checked_within_group();
 
     void handle_readonly_attribute(Optional<String> const& value);