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Improve instructions after refactoring LVM

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Add aslo instructions for the @snapshots subvolume and what to do if system breaks
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Le0xFF 2022-07-26 21:35:42 +02:00
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ The **VoidLinuxInstaller script** is an attempt to make [my gist](https://gist.g
As stated in the gist, this script provides:
- Full Disk Encryption (including `/boot`) with LUKS;
- Logic Volume Management (LVM);
- Separated `/home` partition;
- BTRFS as filesystem.
- Trim on SSD;
@ -78,26 +77,23 @@ Here is documented how the script works in details and what will ask to the user
5. encrypt a user choosen partition for Full Disk Encryption:
- it will ask for a mountpoint name, so that the encrypted partition will be mounted as
`/dev/mapper/<encrypted_name>`;
6. apply Logical Volume Management to the previous encrypted partition, to have the flexibility to resize `/` and `/home` partitions without too much hassle:
6. apply Logical Volume Management to the previous encrypted partition, to have the flexibility to resize `/` and to add more space in the future without reformatting the whole system:
- it will ask for a Volume Group name, so that will be mounted as
`/dev/mapper/<volume_group>`;
- it will ask for a Logical Volume name for **root** partition, and also for its size, so that will be mounted as
`/dev/mapper/<volume_group>-<root_name>`;
- it will ask for a Logical Volume name for **home** partition; the remaining free space will be used for it and it will be mounted as
`/dev/mapper/<volume_group>-<home_name>`
- it will ask for a Logical Volume name for **root** partition and its size will be the previously selected partition, so that will be mounted as
`/dev/mapper/<volume_group>-<lv_root_name>`;
- check the [Final partitioning result](#final-partitioning-result) to get an overview of what the outcome will be;
7. Formatting partitions to proper filesystems:
- it will prompt user to select which partition to use as **boot** partition and to choose its label; it will be formatted as FAT32 and mounted as
`/boot/efi`;
- it will prompt user to select a label for the **root** logical partition, that will be formatted as BTRFS;
- it will prompt user to select a label for the **home** logical partition, that will be formatted as BTRFS;
- it will prompt user to select a label for the **root** logical volume, that will be formatted as BTRFS;
8. create BTRFS subvolumes with specific fstab mount options; if user wants to change them, please edit the script looking for `create_btrfs_subvolumes` function ([BTRFS mount options official documentation](https://btrfs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/btrfs-man5.html#mount-options)):
- **BTRFS mounting options**:
* `rw,noatime,ssd,compress=zstd,space_cache=v2,commit=120`
* `rw,noatime,discard=async,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,commit=120`
- **BTRFS subvolumes that will be created**:
* `/@`
* `/@home`
* `/@snapshots`
* `/home/@home`
* `/var/cache/xbps`
* `/var/tmp`
* `/var/log`
@ -117,23 +113,97 @@ To have a smooth script workflow, the following is the suggested disk layout:
- GPT as disk label type for UEFI systems, also because this script will only works on UEFI systems;
- Less than 1 GB for `/boot/efi` as first partition, as EFI System type;
- Rest of the disk for the Volume Group, that will be logically partitioned with LVM (`/` and `/home`), as second partition as Linux filesystem.
- Rest of the disk for the Volume Group, where LVM will be applied, as second partition as Linux filesystem.
Those two will be physical partition.
You don't need to create a `/home` partition now because it will be created later as a logical one with LVM.
You don't need to create a `/home` partition because BTRFS subvolumes will take care of that.
### Final partitioning result
Following the script, at the very end your drive will end up being like the following:
``` bash
/dev/nvme0n1 259:0 0 953,9G 0 disk
├─/dev/nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot/efi
├─/dev/nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 942,9G 0 part
│ └─/dev/mapper/<encrypted_name> 254:0 0 942,9G 0 crypt
│ └─/dev/mapper/<volume_group>-<root_name> 254:1 0 942,9G 0 lvm /.snapshots
| | /
│ └─/dev/mapper/<volume_group>-<home_name> 254:1 0 942,9G 0 lvm /home
/dev/nvme0n1 259:0 0 953,9G 0 disk
├─/dev/nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot/efi
└─/dev/nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 942,9G 0 part
└─/dev/mapper/<encrypted_name> 254:0 0 942,9G 0 crypt
└─/dev/mapper/<volume_group>-<lv_root_name> 254:1 0 942,9G 0 lvm /.snapshots
/home
/
```
> Note: `/.snapshots` will be available after creating a snapper configuration for `/`, after following the [Follow up for '@snapshots` subvolume](#follow-up-for-snapshots-subvolume) section and finally after uncommenting the relative line from `/etc/fstab`.
<br>
## Follow up for `@snapshots` subvolume
With this script, the `@snapshots` subvolume will be created, but not the `/.snapshots` folder. This is done to avoid stupid snapper issues when trying to create a configuration for `/`.
So after installing `snapper` from Void Linux's repositories, you have to delete the subvolume that it will automatically create, then create the `/.snapshots` folder and then uncomment the relative line from `/etc/fstab`:
``` bash
# run these commands as root
btrfs subvolume delete /.snapshots
mkdir /.snapshots
## edit /etc/fstab uncommenting the line relative to @snapshots subvolume ##
reboot
```
> Source: [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Snapper#Configuration_of_snapper_and_mount_point)
<br>
# What to do if system breaks?
In case anything will break, you will just have to delete the `@` subvolume, create it again and reinstall your distro. `/home` folder won't be affected in any way.
In details, after booting a LiveCD, mount the encrypted partition:
``` bash
cryptsetup open /dev/nvme0n1p2 LinuxCrypt
```
Scan for Volume Groups and then enable the one you need:
``` bash
vgscan
vgchange -ay LinuxGroup
```
Mount the true btrfs root by its subvol or by its subvolid:
``` bash
# by subvol
mount -o subvol=/ /dev/mapper/LinuxGroup-LinuxSystem /mnt
# or by subvolid
mount -o subvolid=0 /dev/mapper/LinuxGroup-LinuxSystem /mnt
```
After that if you do an `ls /mnt/` you will see all the subvolume previously created.
Now you must delete **ONLY** the `@ `subvolume and finally unmount `/mnt`:
``` bash
btrfs subvolume delete /mnt/@
umount /mnt
```
You now have to reinstall Void Linux manually (the script is not programmed to help you this time). For this you can follow the [original gist](https://gist.github.com/Le0xFF/ff0e3670c06def675bb6920fe8dd64a3) and start again from *Mount partitions and create btrfs subvolumes* instruction, without creating the `@home` subvolume.
When the package reconfiguration is finished, you have to create a user with the same name of the one you created before, possibly adding it to the same groups as before, but you can do it later too.
**Don't add the `-m` flag or your original home folder will be destroyed:
``` bash
useradd -G wheel <same_user>
passwd <same_user>
```
This is not necessary because adding the same user will automatically change the home folder permission, but just in case:
``` bash
chown -R <same_user>:<same_user> /home/<same_user>
```
<br>