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Changing naming from Manual Page to just Manual Where it made sense in the titles, and references in the documentation, I have updated to just `Manual` over `Manual Page` for clarity on the purpose of the section or documentation. I have left the file naming alone, since that was mostly used in the links and felt like the titles might be where more confusion could be at.
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# Manual
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## Name
hurl - run and test HTTP requests.
## Synopsis
**hurl** [options] [FILE...]
## Description
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**Hurl** is a command line tool that runs HTTP requests defined in a simple plain text format.
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It can chain requests, capture values and evaluate queries on headers and body response. Hurl is very versatile, it can be used for fetching data and testing HTTP sessions: HTML content, REST / SOAP / GraphQL APIs, or any other XML / JSON based APIs.
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```shell
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$ hurl session.hurl
```
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If no input files are specified, input is read from stdin.
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```shell
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$ echo GET http://httpbin.org/get | hurl
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
"Content-Length": "0",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "hurl/0.99.10",
"X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-5eedf4c7-520814d64e2f9249ea44e0"
},
"origin": "1.2.3.4",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
}
```
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Output goes to stdout by default. To have output go to a file, use the [`-o, --output`](#output) option:
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```shell
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$ hurl -o output input.hurl
```
By default, Hurl executes all HTTP requests and outputs the response body of the last HTTP call.
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To have a test oriented output, you can use [`--test`](#test) option:
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```shell
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$ hurl --test *.hurl
```
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## Hurl File Format
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The Hurl file format is fully documented in [https://hurl.dev/docs/hurl-file.html](https://hurl.dev/docs/hurl-file.html)
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It consists of one or several HTTP requests
```hurl
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GET http://example.org/endpoint1
GET http://example.org/endpoint2
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```
### Capturing values
A value from an HTTP response can be-reused for successive HTTP requests.
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A typical example occurs with CSRF tokens.
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```hurl
GET https://example.org
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HTTP 200
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# Capture the CSRF token value from html body.
[Captures]
csrf_token: xpath "normalize-space(//meta[@name='_csrf_token']/@content)"
# Do the login !
POST https://example.org/login?user=toto&password=1234
X-CSRF-TOKEN: {{csrf_token}}
```
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More information on captures can be found here [https://hurl.dev/docs/capturing-response.html](https://hurl.dev/docs/capturing-response.html)
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### Asserts
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The HTTP response defined in the Hurl file are used to make asserts. Responses are optional.
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At the minimum, response includes assert on the HTTP status code.
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```hurl
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GET http://example.org
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HTTP 301
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```
It can also include asserts on the response headers
```hurl
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GET http://example.org
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HTTP 301
Location: http://www.example.org
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```
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Explicit asserts can be included by combining a query and a predicate
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```hurl
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GET http://example.org
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HTTP 301
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[Asserts]
xpath "string(//title)" == "301 Moved"
```
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With the addition of asserts, Hurl can be used as a testing tool to run scenarios.
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More information on asserts can be found here [https://hurl.dev/docs/asserting-response.html](https://hurl.dev/docs/asserting-response.html)
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## Options
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Options that exist in curl have exactly the same semantics.
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Options specified on the command line are defined for every Hurl file's entry,
except if they are tagged as cli-only (can not be defined in the Hurl request [Options] entry)
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For instance:
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```shell
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$ hurl --location foo.hurl
```
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will follow redirection for each entry in `foo.hurl`. You can also define an option only for a particular entry with an `[Options]` section. For instance, this Hurl file:
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```hurl
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GET https://example.org
HTTP 301
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GET https://example.org
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[Options]
location: true
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HTTP 200
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```
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will follow a redirection only for the second entry.
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| Option | Description |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <a href="#aws-sigv4" id="aws-sigv4"><code>--aws-sigv4 &lt;PROVIDER1[:PROVIDER2[:REGION[:SERVICE]]]&gt;</code></a> | Generate an `Authorization` header with an AWS SigV4 signature.<br><br>Use [`-u, --user`](#user) to specify Access Key Id (username) and Secret Key (password).<br><br>To use temporary session credentials (e.g. for an AWS IAM Role), add the `X-Amz-Security-Token` header containing the session token.<br> |
| <a href="#cacert" id="cacert"><code>--cacert &lt;FILE&gt;</code></a> | Specifies the certificate file for peer verification. The file may contain multiple CA certificates and must be in PEM format.<br>Normally Hurl is built to use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to alter that default file.<br> |
| <a href="#cert" id="cert"><code>-E, --cert &lt;CERTIFICATE[:PASSWORD]&gt;</code></a> | Client certificate file and password.<br><br>See also [`--key`](#key).<br> |
| <a href="#color" id="color"><code>--color</code></a> | Colorize debug output (the HTTP response output is not colorized).<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#compressed" id="compressed"><code>--compressed</code></a> | Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms br, gzip, deflate and automatically decompress the content.<br> |
| <a href="#connect-timeout" id="connect-timeout"><code>--connect-timeout &lt;SECONDS&gt;</code></a> | Maximum time in seconds that you allow Hurl's connection to take.<br><br>See also [`-m, --max-time`](#max-time).<br> |
| <a href="#connect-to" id="connect-to"><code>--connect-to &lt;HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2&gt;</code></a> | For a request to the given HOST1:PORT1 pair, connect to HOST2:PORT2 instead. This option can be used several times in a command line.<br><br>See also [`--resolve`](#resolve).<br> |
| <a href="#continue-on-error" id="continue-on-error"><code>--continue-on-error</code></a> | Continue executing requests to the end of the Hurl file even when an assert error occurs.<br>By default, Hurl exits after an assert error in the HTTP response.<br><br>Note that this option does not affect the behavior with multiple input Hurl files.<br><br>All the input files are executed independently. The result of one file does not affect the execution of the other Hurl files.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#cookie" id="cookie"><code>-b, --cookie &lt;FILE&gt;</code></a> | Read cookies from FILE (using the Netscape cookie file format).<br><br>Combined with [`-c, --cookie-jar`](#cookie-jar), you can simulate a cookie storage between successive Hurl runs.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#cookie-jar" id="cookie-jar"><code>-c, --cookie-jar &lt;FILE&gt;</code></a> | Write cookies to FILE after running the session (only for one session).<br>The file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format.<br><br>Combined with [`-b, --cookie`](#cookie), you can simulate a cookie storage between successive Hurl runs.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#delay" id="delay"><code>--delay &lt;MILLISECONDS&gt;</code></a> | Sets delay before each request.<br> |
| <a href="#error-format" id="error-format"><code>--error-format &lt;FORMAT&gt;</code></a> | Control the format of error message (short by default or long)<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#file-root" id="file-root"><code>--file-root &lt;DIR&gt;</code></a> | Set root directory to import files in Hurl. This is used for files in multipart form data, request body and response output.<br>When it is not explicitly defined, files are relative to the current directory in which Hurl is running.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#from-entry" id="from-entry"><code>--from-entry &lt;ENTRY_NUMBER&gt;</code></a> | Execute Hurl file from ENTRY_NUMBER (starting at 1).<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#glob" id="glob"><code>--glob &lt;GLOB&gt;</code></a> | Specify input files that match the given glob pattern.<br><br>Multiple glob flags may be used. This flag supports common Unix glob patterns like *, ? and [].<br>However, to avoid your shell accidentally expanding glob patterns before Hurl handles them, you must use single quotes or double quotes around each pattern.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#http10" id="http10"><code>-0, --http1.0</code></a> | Tells Hurl to use HTTP version 1.0 instead of using its internally preferred HTTP version.<br> |
| <a href="#http11" id="http11"><code>--http1.1</code></a> | Tells Hurl to use HTTP version 1.1.<br> |
| <a href="#http2" id="http2"><code>--http2</code></a> | Tells Hurl to use HTTP version 2.<br>For HTTPS, this means Hurl negotiates HTTP/2 in the TLS handshake. Hurl does this by default.<br>For HTTP, this means Hurl attempts to upgrade the request to HTTP/2 using the Upgrade: request header.<br> |
| <a href="#http3" id="http3"><code>--http3</code></a> | Tells Hurl to try HTTP/3 to the host in the URL, but fallback to earlier HTTP versions if the HTTP/3 connection establishment fails. HTTP/3 is only available for HTTPS and not for HTTP URLs.<br> |
| <a href="#ignore-asserts" id="ignore-asserts"><code>--ignore-asserts</code></a> | Ignore all asserts defined in the Hurl file.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#include" id="include"><code>-i, --include</code></a> | Include the HTTP headers in the output<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#insecure" id="insecure"><code>-k, --insecure</code></a> | This option explicitly allows Hurl to perform "insecure" SSL connections and transfers.<br> |
| <a href="#interactive" id="interactive"><code>--interactive</code></a> | Stop between requests.<br><br>This is similar to a break point, You can then continue (Press C) or quit (Press Q).<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#ipv4" id="ipv4"><code>-4, --ipv4</code></a> | This option tells Hurl to use IPv4 addresses only when resolving host names, and not for example try IPv6.<br> |
| <a href="#ipv6" id="ipv6"><code>-6, --ipv6</code></a> | This option tells Hurl to use IPv6 addresses only when resolving host names, and not for example try IPv4.<br> |
| <a href="#json" id="json"><code>--json</code></a> | Output each Hurl file result to JSON. The format is very closed to HAR format.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#key" id="key"><code>--key &lt;KEY&gt;</code></a> | Private key file name.<br> |
| <a href="#location" id="location"><code>-L, --location</code></a> | Follow redirect. To limit the amount of redirects to follow use the [`--max-redirs`](#max-redirs) option<br> |
| <a href="#location-trusted" id="location-trusted"><code>--location-trusted</code></a> | Like [`-L, --location`](#location), but allows sending the name + password to all hosts that the site may redirect to.<br>This may or may not introduce a security breach if the site redirects you to a site to which you send your authentication info (which is plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication).<br> |
| <a href="#max-redirs" id="max-redirs"><code>--max-redirs &lt;NUM&gt;</code></a> | Set maximum number of redirection-followings allowed<br><br>By default, the limit is set to 50 redirections. Set this option to -1 to make it unlimited.<br> |
| <a href="#max-time" id="max-time"><code>-m, --max-time &lt;SECONDS&gt;</code></a> | Maximum time in seconds that you allow a request/response to take. This is the standard timeout.<br><br>See also [`--connect-timeout`](#connect-timeout).<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#netrc" id="netrc"><code>-n, --netrc</code></a> | Scan the .netrc file in the user's home directory for the username and password.<br><br>See also [`--netrc-file`](#netrc-file) and [`--netrc-optional`](#netrc-optional).<br> |
| <a href="#netrc-file" id="netrc-file"><code>--netrc-file &lt;FILE&gt;</code></a> | Like [`--netrc`](#netrc), but provide the path to the netrc file.<br><br>See also [`--netrc-optional`](#netrc-optional).<br> |
| <a href="#netrc-optional" id="netrc-optional"><code>--netrc-optional</code></a> | Similar to [`--netrc`](#netrc), but make the .netrc usage optional.<br><br>See also [`--netrc-file`](#netrc-file).<br> |
| <a href="#no-color" id="no-color"><code>--no-color</code></a> | Do not colorize output.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#no-output" id="no-output"><code>--no-output</code></a> | Suppress output. By default, Hurl outputs the body of the last response.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#noproxy" id="noproxy"><code>--noproxy &lt;HOST(S)&gt;</code></a> | Comma-separated list of hosts which do not use a proxy.<br><br>Override value from Environment variable no_proxy.<br> |
| <a href="#output" id="output"><code>-o, --output &lt;FILE&gt;</code></a> | Write output to FILE instead of stdout.<br> |
| <a href="#path-as-is" id="path-as-is"><code>--path-as-is</code></a> | Tell Hurl to not handle sequences of /../ or /./ in the given URL path. Normally Hurl will squash or merge them according to standards but with this option set you tell it not to do that.<br> |
| <a href="#proxy" id="proxy"><code>-x, --proxy &lt;[PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT]&gt;</code></a> | Use the specified proxy.<br> |
| <a href="#report-html" id="report-html"><code>--report-html &lt;DIR&gt;</code></a> | Generate HTML report in DIR.<br><br>If the HTML report already exists, it will be updated with the new test results.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#report-junit" id="report-junit"><code>--report-junit &lt;FILE&gt;</code></a> | Generate JUnit File.<br><br>If the FILE report already exists, it will be updated with the new test results.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#report-tap" id="report-tap"><code>--report-tap &lt;FILE&gt;</code></a> | Generate TAP report.<br><br>If the FILE report already exists, it will be updated with the new test results.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#resolve" id="resolve"><code>--resolve &lt;HOST:PORT:ADDR&gt;</code></a> | Provide a custom address for a specific host and port pair. Using this, you can make the Hurl requests(s) use a specified address and prevent the otherwise normally resolved address to be used. Consider it a sort of /etc/hosts alternative provided on the command line.<br> |
| <a href="#retry" id="retry"><code>--retry &lt;NUM&gt;</code></a> | Maximum number of retries, 0 for no retries, -1 for unlimited retries. Retry happens if any error occurs (asserts, captures, runtimes etc...).<br> |
| <a href="#retry-interval" id="retry-interval"><code>--retry-interval &lt;MILLISECONDS&gt;</code></a> | Duration in milliseconds between each retry. Default is 1000 ms.<br> |
| <a href="#ssl-no-revoke" id="ssl-no-revoke"><code>--ssl-no-revoke</code></a> | (Windows) This option tells Hurl to disable certificate revocation checks. WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and by using this flag you ask for exactly that.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#test" id="test"><code>--test</code></a> | Activate test mode: with this, the HTTP response is not outputted anymore, progress is reported for each Hurl file tested, and a text summary is displayed when all files have been run.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#to-entry" id="to-entry"><code>--to-entry &lt;ENTRY_NUMBER&gt;</code></a> | Execute Hurl file to ENTRY_NUMBER (starting at 1).<br>Ignore the remaining of the file. It is useful for debugging a session.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#unix-socket" id="unix-socket"><code>--unix-socket &lt;PATH&gt;</code></a> | (HTTP) Connect through this Unix domain socket, instead of using the network.<br> |
| <a href="#user" id="user"><code>-u, --user &lt;USER:PASSWORD&gt;</code></a> | Add basic Authentication header to each request.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#user-agent" id="user-agent"><code>-A, --user-agent &lt;NAME&gt;</code></a> | Specify the User-Agent string to send to the HTTP server.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#variable" id="variable"><code>--variable &lt;NAME=VALUE&gt;</code></a> | Define variable (name/value) to be used in Hurl templates.<br> |
| <a href="#variables-file" id="variables-file"><code>--variables-file &lt;FILE&gt;</code></a> | Set properties file in which your define your variables.<br><br>Each variable is defined as name=value exactly as with [`--variable`](#variable) option.<br><br>Note that defining a variable twice produces an error.<br><br>This is a cli-only option.<br> |
| <a href="#verbose" id="verbose"><code>-v, --verbose</code></a> | Turn on verbose output on standard error stream.<br>Useful for debugging.<br><br>A line starting with '>' means data sent by Hurl.<br>A line staring with '<' means data received by Hurl.<br>A line starting with '*' means additional info provided by Hurl.<br><br>If you only want HTTP headers in the output, [`-i, --include`](#include) might be the option you're looking for.<br> |
| <a href="#very-verbose" id="very-verbose"><code>--very-verbose</code></a> | Turn on more verbose output on standard error stream.<br><br>In contrast to [`--verbose`](#verbose) option, this option outputs the full HTTP body request and response on standard error. In addition, lines starting with '**' are libcurl debug logs.<br> |
| <a href="#help" id="help"><code>-h, --help</code></a> | Usage help. This lists all current command line options with a short description.<br> |
| <a href="#version" id="version"><code>-V, --version</code></a> | Prints version information<br> |
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## Environment
Environment variables can only be specified in lowercase.
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Using an environment variable to set the proxy has the same effect as using the [`-x, --proxy`](#proxy) option.
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| Variable | Description |
|--------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `http_proxy [PROTOCOL://]<HOST>[:PORT]` | Sets the proxy server to use for HTTP.<br> |
| `https_proxy [PROTOCOL://]<HOST>[:PORT]` | Sets the proxy server to use for HTTPS.<br> |
| `all_proxy [PROTOCOL://]<HOST>[:PORT]` | Sets the proxy server to use if no protocol-specific proxy is set.<br> |
| `no_proxy <comma-separated list of hosts>` | List of host names that shouldn't go through any proxy.<br> |
| `HURL_name value` | Define variable (name/value) to be used in Hurl templates. This is similar than [`--variable`](#variable) and [`--variables-file`](#variables-file) options.<br> |
| `NO_COLOR` | When set to a non-empty string, do not colorize output (see [`--no-color`](#no-color) option).<br> |
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## Exit Codes
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| Value | Description |
|-------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| `0` | Success.<br> |
| `1` | Failed to parse command-line options.<br> |
| `2` | Input File Parsing Error.<br> |
| `3` | Runtime error (such as failure to connect to host).<br> |
| `4` | Assert Error.<br> |
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## WWW
[https://hurl.dev](https://hurl.dev)
## See Also
curl(1) hurlfmt(1)
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