hurl/docs/response.md

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# Response
## Definition
Responses can be used to capture values to perform subsequent requests, or add asserts to HTTP responses. Response on
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requests are optional, a Hurl file can just consist of a sequence of [requests].
A response describes the expected HTTP response, with mandatory [version and status], followed by optional [headers],
[captures], [asserts] and [body]. Assertions in the expected HTTP response describe values of the received HTTP response.
Captures capture values from the received HTTP response and populate a set of named variables that can be used
in the following entries.
## Example
```hurl
GET https://example.org
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HTTP 200
Last-Modified: Wed, 21 Oct 2015 07:28:00 GMT
[Asserts]
xpath "normalize-space(//head/title)" startsWith "Welcome"
xpath "//li" count == 18
```
## Structure
<div class="hurl-structure-schema">
<div class="hurl-structure">
<div class="hurl-structure-col-0">
<div class="hurl-part-0">
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HTTP 200
</div>
<div class=" hurl-part-1">
content-length: 206<br>accept-ranges: bytes<br>user-agent: Test
</div>
<div class="hurl-part-2">
[Captures]<br>...
</div>
<div class="hurl-part-2">
[Asserts]<br>...
</div>
<div class="hurl-part-3">
{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;"type": "FOO",<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;"value": 356789,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;"ordered": true,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;"index": 10<br>
}
</div>
</div>
<div class="hurl-structure-col-1">
<div class="hurl-request-explanation-part-0">
<a href="/docs/asserting-response.html#version-status">Version and status (mandatory if response present)</a>
</div>
<div class="hurl-request-explanation-part-1">
<br><a href="/docs/asserting-response.html#headers">HTTP response headers</a> (optional)
</div>
<div class="hurl-request-explanation-part-2">
<br>
<br>
</div>
<div class="hurl-request-explanation-part-2">
<a href="/docs/capturing-response.html">Captures</a> and <a href="/docs/asserting-response.html#asserts">asserts</a> (optional sections, unordered)
</div>
<div class="hurl-request-explanation-part-2">
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</div>
<div class="hurl-request-explanation-part-3">
<a href="/docs/asserting-response.html#body">HTTP response body</a> (optional)
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
## Capture and Assertion
With the response section, one can optionally [capture value from headers, body],
or [add assert on status code, body or headers].
### Body compression
Hurl outputs the raw HTTP body to stdout by default. If response body is compressed (using [br, gzip, deflate]),
the binary stream is output, without any modification. One can use [`--compressed` option]
to request a compressed response and automatically get the decompressed body.
Captures and asserts work automatically on the decompressed body, so you can request compressed data (using [`Accept-Encoding`]
header by example) and add assert and captures on the decoded body as if there weren't any compression.
## Timings
HTTP response timings are exposed through Hurl structured output (see [`--json`]) and HTML report (see [`--report-html`]).
On each response, libcurl response timings are available:
- __time_namelookup__: the time it took from the start until the name resolving was completed. You can use
[`--resolve`] to exclude DNS performance from the measure.
- __time_connect__: The time it took from the start until the TCP connect to the remote host (or proxy) was completed.
- __time_appconnect__: The time it took from the start until the SSL/SSH/etc connect/handshake to the remote host was
completed. The client is then ready to send its HTTP GET request.
- __time_starttransfer__: The time it took from the start until the first byte was just about to be transferred
(just before Hurl reads the first byte from the network). This includes time_pretransfer and also the time the server
needed to calculate the result.
- __time_total__: The total time that the full operation lasted.
All timings are in microsecond.
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<div class="picture">
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<img class="u-theme-light u-drop-shadow u-border u-max-width-100" src="/docs/assets/img/timings-light.svg" alt="Response timings explanation"/>
<img class="u-theme-dark u-drop-shadow u-border u-max-width-100" src="/docs/assets/img/timings-dark.svg" alt="Response timings explanation"/>
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<a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/a-question-of-timing/"><small>Courtesy of CloudFlare</small></a>
</div>
[requests]: /docs/request.md
[version and status]: /docs/asserting-response.md#version-status
[headers]: /docs/asserting-response.md#headers
[captures]: /docs/capturing-response.md#captures
[asserts]: /docs/asserting-response.md#asserts
[body]: /docs/asserting-response.md#body
[capture value from headers, body]: /docs/capturing-response.md
[add assert on status code, body or headers]: /docs/asserting-response.md
[br, gzip, deflate]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Accept-Encoding
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[`--compressed` option]: /docs/manual.md#compressed
[`Accept-Encoding`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Accept-Encoding
[`--json`]: /docs/manual.md#json
[`--report-html`]: /docs/manual.md#report-html
[`--resolve`]: /docs/manual.md#resolve