15 KiB
Samples
To run a sample, edit a file with the sample content, and run Hurl:
$ vi sample.hurl
GET https://example.org
$ hurl sample.hurl
By default, Hurl behaves like curl and outputs the last HTTP response's entry. To have a test
oriented output, you can use --test option:
$ hurl --test sample.hurl
A particular response can be saved with [Options] section:
GET https://example.ord/cats/123
[Options]
output: cat123.txt # use - to output to stdout
HTTP 200
GET https://example.ord/dogs/567
HTTP 200
You can check Hurl tests suite for more samples.
Getting Data
A simple GET:
GET https://example.org
Requests can be chained:
GET https://example.org/a
GET https://example.org/b
HEAD https://example.org/c
GET https://example.org/c
HTTP Headers
A simple GET with headers:
GET https://example.org/news
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Connection: keep-alive
Query Params
GET https://example.org/news
[QueryStringParams]
order: newest
search: something to search
count: 100
Or:
GET https://example.org/news?order=newest&search=something%20to%20search&count=100
With
[QueryStringParams]section, params don't need to be URL escaped.
Basic Authentication
GET https://example.org/protected
[BasicAuth]
bob: secret
This is equivalent to construct the request with a Authorization header:
# Authorization header value can be computed with `echo -n 'bob:secret' | base64`
GET https://example.org/protected
Authorization: Basic Ym9iOnNlY3JldA==
Basic authentication section allows per request authentication. If you want to add basic authentication to all the
requests of a Hurl file you could use -u/--user option:
$ hurl --user bob=secret login.hurl
--user option can also be set per request:
GET https://example.org/login
[Options]
user: bob:secret
HTTP 200
GET https://example.org/login
[Options]
user: alice:secret
HTTP 200
Passing Data between Requests
Captures can be used to pass data from one request to another:
POST https://sample.org/orders
HTTP 201
[Captures]
order_id: jsonpath "$.order.id"
GET https://sample.org/orders/{{order_id}}
HTTP 200
Sending Data
Sending HTML Form Data
POST https://example.org/contact
[FormParams]
default: false
token: {{token}}
email: john.doe@rookie.org
number: 33611223344
Sending Multipart Form Data
POST https://example.org/upload
[MultipartFormData]
field1: value1
field2: file,example.txt;
# One can specify the file content type:
field3: file,example.zip; application/zip
Multipart forms can also be sent with a multiline string body:
POST https://example.org/upload
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="boundary"
```
--boundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="key1"
value1
--boundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload1"; filename="data.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
Hello World!
--boundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload2"; filename="data.html"
Content-Type: text/html
<div>Hello <b>World</b>!</div>
--boundary--
```
In that case, files have to be inlined in the Hurl file.
Posting a JSON Body
With an inline JSON:
POST https://example.org/api/tests
{
"id": "456",
"evaluate": true
}
With a local file:
POST https://example.org/api/tests
Content-Type: application/json
file,data.json;
Templating a JSON Body
PUT https://example.org/api/hits
Content-Type: application/json
{
"key0": "{{a_string}}",
"key1": {{a_bool}},
"key2": {{a_null}},
"key3": {{a_number}}
}
Variables can be initialized via command line:
$ hurl --variable a_string=apple \
--variable a_bool=true \
--variable a_null=null \
--variable a_number=42 \
test.hurl
Resulting in a PUT request with the following JSON body:
{
"key0": "apple",
"key1": true,
"key2": null,
"key3": 42
}
Templating a XML Body
Using templates with XML body is not currently supported in Hurl. You can use templates in XML multiline string body with variables to send a variable XML body:
POST https://example.org/echo/post/xml
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Request>
<Login>{{login}}</Login>
<Password>{{password}}</Password>
</Request>
```
Using GraphQL Query
A simple GraphQL query:
POST https://example.org/starwars/graphql
```graphql
{
human(id: "1000") {
name
height(unit: FOOT)
}
}
```
A GraphQL query with variables:
POST https://example.org/starwars/graphql
```graphql
query Hero($episode: Episode, $withFriends: Boolean!) {
hero(episode: $episode) {
name
friends @include(if: $withFriends) {
name
}
}
}
variables {
"episode": "JEDI",
"withFriends": false
}
```
GraphQL queries can also use Hurl templates.
Testing Response
Responses are optional, everything after HTTP is part of the response asserts.
# A request with (almost) no check:
GET https://foo.com
# A status code check:
GET https://foo.com
HTTP 200
# A test on response body
GET https://foo.com
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
jsonpath "$.state" == "running"
Testing Status Code
GET https://example.org/order/435
HTTP 200
GET https://example.org/order/435
# Testing status code is in a 200-300 range
HTTP *
[Asserts]
status >= 200
status < 300
Testing Response Headers
Use implicit response asserts to test header values:
GET https://example.org/index.html
HTTP 200
Set-Cookie: theme=light
Set-Cookie: sessionToken=abc123; Expires=Wed, 09 Jun 2021 10:18:14 GMT
Or use explicit response asserts with predicates:
GET https://example.org
HTTP 302
[Asserts]
header "Location" contains "www.example.net"
Implicit and explicit asserts can be combined:
GET https://example.org/index.html
HTTP 200
Set-Cookie: theme=light
Set-Cookie: sessionToken=abc123; Expires=Wed, 09 Jun 2021 10:18:14 GMT
[Asserts]
header "Location" contains "www.example.net"
Testing REST APIs
Asserting JSON body response (node values, collection count etc...) with JSONPath:
GET https://example.org/order
screencapability: low
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
jsonpath "$.validated" == true
jsonpath "$.userInfo.firstName" == "Franck"
jsonpath "$.userInfo.lastName" == "Herbert"
jsonpath "$.hasDevice" == false
jsonpath "$.links" count == 12
jsonpath "$.state" != null
jsonpath "$.order" matches "^order-\\d{8}$"
jsonpath "$.order" matches /^order-\d{8}$/ # Alternative syntax with regex literal
jsonpath "$.created" isIsoDate
Testing HTML Response
GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[Asserts]
xpath "string(/html/head/title)" contains "Example" # Check title
xpath "count(//p)" == 2 # Check the number of p
xpath "//p" count == 2 # Similar assert for p
xpath "boolean(count(//h2))" == false # Check there is no h2
xpath "//h2" not exists # Similar assert for h2
xpath "string(//div[1])" matches /Hello.*/
Testing Set-Cookie Attributes
GET https://example.org/home
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
cookie "JSESSIONID" == "8400BAFE2F66443613DC38AE3D9D6239"
cookie "JSESSIONID[Value]" == "8400BAFE2F66443613DC38AE3D9D6239"
cookie "JSESSIONID[Expires]" contains "Wed, 13 Jan 2021"
cookie "JSESSIONID[Secure]" exists
cookie "JSESSIONID[HttpOnly]" exists
cookie "JSESSIONID[SameSite]" == "Lax"
Testing Bytes Content
Check the SHA-256 response body hash:
GET https://example.org/data.tar.gz
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
sha256 == hex,039058c6f2c0cb492c533b0a4d14ef77cc0f78abccced5287d84a1a2011cfb81;
SSL Certificate
Check the properties of a SSL certificate:
GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
certificate "Subject" == "CN=example.org"
certificate "Issuer" == "C=US, O=Let's Encrypt, CN=R3"
certificate "Expire-Date" daysAfterNow > 15
certificate "Serial-Number" matches /[\da-f]+/
Checking Full Body
Use implicit body to test an exact JSON body match:
GET https://example.org/api/cats/123
HTTP 200
{
"name" : "Purrsloud",
"species" : "Cat",
"favFoods" : ["wet food", "dry food", "<strong>any</strong> food"],
"birthYear" : 2016,
"photo" : "https://learnwebcode.github.io/json-example/images/cat-2.jpg"
}
Or an explicit assert file:
GET https://example.org/index.html
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
body == file,cat.json;
Implicit asserts supports XML body:
GET https://example.org/api/catalog
HTTP 200
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<catalog>
<book id="bk101">
<author>Gambardella, Matthew</author>
<title>XML Developer's Guide</title>
<genre>Computer</genre>
<price>44.95</price>
<publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date>
<description>An in-depth look at creating applications with XML.</description>
</book>
</catalog>
Plain text:
GET https://example.org/models
HTTP 200
```
Year,Make,Model,Description,Price
1997,Ford,E350,"ac, abs, moon",3000.00
1999,Chevy,"Venture ""Extended Edition""","",4900.00
1999,Chevy,"Venture ""Extended Edition, Very Large""",,5000.00
1996,Jeep,Grand Cherokee,"MUST SELL! air, moon roof, loaded",4799.00
```
One line:
POST https://example.org/helloworld
HTTP 200
`Hello world!`
File:
GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
file,data.bin;
Reports
HTML Report
$ hurl --test --report-html build/report/ *.hurl
JUnit Report
$ hurl --test --report-junit build/report.xml *.hurl
TAP Report
$ hurl --test --report-tap build/report.txt *.hurl
JSON Output
A structured output of running Hurl files can be obtained with --json option. Each file will produce a JSON export of the run.
$ hurl --json *.hurl
Others
HTTP Version
Testing HTTP version (HTTP/1.0, HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 or HTTP/3):
GET https://foo.com
HTTP/3 200
GET https://bar.com
HTTP/2 200
Polling and Retry
Retry request on any errors (asserts, captures, status code, runtime etc...):
# Create a new job
POST https://api.example.org/jobs
HTTP 201
[Captures]
job_id: jsonpath "$.id"
[Asserts]
jsonpath "$.state" == "RUNNING"
# Pull job status until it is completed
GET https://api.example.org/jobs/{{job_id}}
[Options]
retry: 10 # maximum number of retry, -1 for unlimited
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
jsonpath "$.state" == "COMPLETED"
Delaying Requests
Add delay for every request, or a particular requests:
# Delaying this request by 5s
GET https://example.org/turtle
[Options]
delay: 5000
HTTP 200
# No delay!
GET https://example.org/turtle
HTTP 200
Skipping Requests
# a, c, d are run, b is skipped
GET https://example.org/a
GET https://example.org/b
[Options]
skip: true
GET https://example.org/c
GET https://example.org/d
Testing Endpoint Performance
GET https://sample.org/helloworld
HTTP *
[Asserts]
duration < 1000 # Check that response time is less than one second
Using SOAP APIs
POST https://example.org/InStock
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
SOAPAction: "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:m="https://example.org">
<soap:Header></soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
<m:GetStockPrice>
<m:StockName>GOOG</m:StockName>
</m:GetStockPrice>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
HTTP 200
Capturing and Using a CSRF Token
GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
[Captures]
csrf_token: xpath "string(//meta[@name='_csrf_token']/@content)"
POST https://example.org/login?user=toto&password=1234
X-CSRF-TOKEN: {{csrf_token}}
HTTP 302
Checking Byte Order Mark (BOM) in Response Body
GET https://example.org/data.bin
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
bytes startsWith hex,efbbbf;
AWS Signature Version 4 Requests
Generate signed API requests with AWS Signature Version 4, as used by several cloud providers.
POST https://sts.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/
[Options]
aws-sigv4: aws:amz:eu-central-1:sts
[FormParams]
Action: GetCallerIdentity
Version: 2011-06-15
The Access Key is given per --user, either with command line option or within the [Options] section:
POST https://sts.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/
[Options]
aws-sigv4: aws:amz:eu-central-1:sts
user: bob=secret
[FormParams]
Action: GetCallerIdentity
Version: 2011-06-15