What's Hurl?

Hurl is a command line tool that runs HTTP requests defined in a simple plain text format.

It can chain requests, capture values and evaluate queries on headers and body response. Hurl is very versatile: it can be used for both fetching data and testing HTTP sessions.

Hurl makes it easy to work with HTML content, REST / SOAP / GraphQL APIs, or any other XML / JSON based APIs.

# Get home:
GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
[Captures]
csrf_token: xpath "string(//meta[@name='_csrf_token']/@content)"


# Do login!
POST https://example.org/login?user=toto&password=1234
X-CSRF-TOKEN: {{csrf_token}}
HTTP 302

Chaining multiple requests is easy:

GET https://example.org/api/health
GET https://example.org/api/step1
GET https://example.org/api/step2
GET https://example.org/api/step3

Also an HTTP Test Tool

Hurl can run HTTP requests but can also be used to test HTTP responses. Different types of queries and predicates are supported, from XPath and JSONPath on body response, to assert on status code and response headers.

It is well adapted for REST / JSON APIs

POST https://example.org/api/tests
{
    "id": "4568",
    "evaluate": true
}
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
header "X-Frame-Options" == "SAMEORIGIN"
jsonpath "$.status" == "RUNNING"    # Check the status code
jsonpath "$.tests" count == 25      # Check the number of items
jsonpath "$.id" matches /\d{4}/     # Check the format of the id

HTML content

GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
xpath "normalize-space(//head/title)" == "Hello world!"

GraphQL

POST https://example.org/graphql
```graphql
{
  human(id: "1000") {
    name
    height(unit: FOOT)
  }
}
```
HTTP 200

and even SOAP APIs

POST https://example.org/InStock
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
SOAPAction: "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:m="https://example.org">
  <soap:Header></soap:Header>
  <soap:Body>
    <m:GetStockPrice>
      <m:StockName>GOOG</m:StockName>
    </m:GetStockPrice>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
HTTP 200

Hurl can also be used to test the performance of HTTP endpoints

GET https://example.org/api/v1/pets
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
duration < 1000  # Duration in ms

And check response bytes

GET https://example.org/data.tar.gz
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
sha256 == hex,039058c6f2c0cb492c533b0a4d14ef77cc0f78abccced5287d84a1a2011cfb81;

Finally, Hurl is easy to integrate in CI/CD, with text, JUnit, TAP and HTML reports

Why Hurl?

• Text Format: for both devops and developers
• Fast CLI: a command line for local dev and continuous integration
• Single Binary: easy to install, with no runtime required

Powered by curl

Hurl is a lightweight binary written in Rust. Under the hood, Hurl HTTP engine is powered by libcurl, one of the most powerful and reliable file transfer libraries. With its text file format, Hurl adds syntactic sugar to run and test HTTP requests, but it's still the curl that we love: fast, efficient and HTTP/3 ready.

Feedbacks

To support its development, star Hurl on GitHub!

Feedback, suggestion, bugs or improvements are welcome.

POST https://hurl.dev/api/feedback
{
  "name": "John Doe",
  "feedback": "Hurl is awesome!"
}
HTTP 200

Resources

License

Blog

Tutorial

Documentation (download HTML, PDF, Markdown)

GitHub

Table of Contents

• Samples
  • Getting Data
    • HTTP Headers
    • Query Params
    • Basic Authentication
    • Passing Data between Requests
  • Sending Data
    • Sending HTML Form Data
    • Sending Multipart Form Data
    • Posting a JSON Body
    • Templating a JSON Body
    • Templating a XML Body
    • Using GraphQL Query
  • Testing Response
    • Testing Status Code
    • Testing Response Headers
    • Testing REST APIs
    • Testing HTML Response
    • Testing Set-Cookie Attributes
    • Testing Bytes Content
    • SSL Certificate
    • Checking Full Body
  • Reports
    • HTML Report
    • JSON Report
    • JUnit Report
    • TAP Report
    • JSON Output
  • Others
    • HTTP Version
    • Polling and Retry
    • Delaying Requests
    • Skipping Requests
    • Testing Endpoint Performance
    • Using SOAP APIs
    • Capturing and Using a CSRF Token
    • Checking Byte Order Mark (BOM) in Response Body
    • AWS Signature Version 4 Requests
    • Using curl Options
• Manual
  • Name
  • Synopsis
  • Description
  • Hurl File Format
    • Capturing values
    • Asserts
  • Options
  • Environment
  • Exit Codes
  • WWW
  • See Also
• Installation
  • Binaries Installation
    • Linux
      • Debian / Ubuntu
      • Alpine
      • Arch Linux / Manjaro
      • NixOS / Nix
    • macOS
      • Homebrew
      • MacPorts
    • FreeBSD
    • Windows
      • Zip File
      • Installer
      • Chocolatey
      • Scoop
      • Windows Package Manager
    • Cargo
    • conda-forge
    • Docker
    • npm
  • Building From Sources
    • Build on Linux
      • Debian based distributions
      • Fedora based distributions
      • Red Hat based distributions
      • Arch based distributions
      • Alpine based distributions
    • Build on macOS
    • Build on Windows

Samples

To run a sample, edit a file with the sample content, and run Hurl:

$ vi sample.hurl

GET https://example.org

$ hurl sample.hurl

By default, Hurl behaves like curl and outputs the last HTTP response's entry. To have a test oriented output, you can use --test option:

$ hurl --test sample.hurl

A particular response can be saved with [Options] section:

GET https://example.ord/cats/123
[Options]
output: cat123.txt    # use - to output to stdout
HTTP 200

GET https://example.ord/dogs/567
HTTP 200

Finally, Hurl can take files as input, or directories. In the latter case, Hurl will search files with .hurl extension recursively.

$ hurl --test integration/*.hurl
$ hurl --test .

You can check Hurl tests suite for more samples.

Getting Data

A simple GET:

GET https://example.org

Requests can be chained:

GET https://example.org/a
GET https://example.org/b
HEAD https://example.org/c
GET https://example.org/c

Doc

HTTP Headers

A simple GET with headers:

GET https://example.org/news
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Connection: keep-alive

Doc

Query Params

GET https://example.org/news
[QueryStringParams]
order: newest
search: something to search
count: 100

Or:

GET https://example.org/news?order=newest&search=something%20to%20search&count=100

With [QueryStringParams] section, params don't need to be URL escaped.

Doc

Basic Authentication

GET https://example.org/protected
[BasicAuth]
bob: secret

Doc

This is equivalent to construct the request with a Authorization header:

# Authorization header value can be computed with `echo -n 'bob:secret' | base64`
GET https://example.org/protected
Authorization: Basic Ym9iOnNlY3JldA== 

Basic authentication section allows per request authentication. If you want to add basic authentication to all the requests of a Hurl file you could use -u/--user option:

$ hurl --user bob:secret login.hurl

--user option can also be set per request:

GET https://example.org/login
[Options]
user: bob:secret
HTTP 200

GET https://example.org/login
[Options]
user: alice:secret
HTTP 200

Passing Data between Requests

Captures can be used to pass data from one request to another:

POST https://sample.org/orders
HTTP 201
[Captures]
order_id: jsonpath "$.order.id"

GET https://sample.org/orders/{{order_id}}
HTTP 200

Doc

Sending Data

Sending HTML Form Data

POST https://example.org/contact
[FormParams]
default: false
token: {{token}}
email: john.doe@rookie.org
number: 33611223344

Doc

Sending Multipart Form Data

POST https://example.org/upload
[MultipartFormData]
field1: value1
field2: file,example.txt;
# One can specify the file content type:
field3: file,example.zip; application/zip

Doc

Multipart forms can also be sent with a multiline string body:

POST https://example.org/upload
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="boundary"
```
--boundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="key1"

value1
--boundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload1"; filename="data.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain

Hello World!
--boundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload2"; filename="data.html"
Content-Type: text/html

<div>Hello <b>World</b>!</div>
--boundary--
```

In that case, files have to be inlined in the Hurl file.

Doc

Posting a JSON Body

With an inline JSON:

POST https://example.org/api/tests
{
    "id": "456",
    "evaluate": true
}

Doc

With a local file:

POST https://example.org/api/tests
Content-Type: application/json
file,data.json;

Doc

Templating a JSON Body

PUT https://example.org/api/hits
Content-Type: application/json
{
    "key0": "{{a_string}}",
    "key1": {{a_bool}},
    "key2": {{a_null}},
    "key3": {{a_number}}
}

Variables can be initialized via command line:

$ hurl --variable a_string=apple \
       --variable a_bool=true \
       --variable a_null=null \
       --variable a_number=42 \
       test.hurl

Resulting in a PUT request with the following JSON body:

{
    "key0": "apple",
    "key1": true,
    "key2": null,
    "key3": 42
}

Doc

Templating a XML Body

Using templates with XML body is not currently supported in Hurl. You can use templates in XML multiline string body with variables to send a variable XML body:

POST https://example.org/echo/post/xml
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Request>
    <Login>{{login}}</Login>
    <Password>{{password}}</Password>
</Request>
```

Doc

Using GraphQL Query

A simple GraphQL query:

POST https://example.org/starwars/graphql
```graphql
{
  human(id: "1000") {
    name
    height(unit: FOOT)
  }
}
```

A GraphQL query with variables:

POST https://example.org/starwars/graphql
```graphql
query Hero($episode: Episode, $withFriends: Boolean!) {
  hero(episode: $episode) {
    name
    friends @include(if: $withFriends) {
      name
    }
  }
}

variables {
  "episode": "JEDI",
  "withFriends": false
}
```

GraphQL queries can also use Hurl templates.

Doc

Testing Response

Responses are optional, everything after HTTP is part of the response asserts.

# A request with (almost) no check:
GET https://foo.com

# A status code check:
GET https://foo.com
HTTP 200

# A test on response body
GET https://foo.com
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
jsonpath "$.state" == "running"

Testing Status Code

GET https://example.org/order/435
HTTP 200

Doc

GET https://example.org/order/435
# Testing status code is in a 200-300 range
HTTP *
[Asserts]
status >= 200
status < 300

Doc

Testing Response Headers

Use implicit response asserts to test header values:

GET https://example.org/index.html
HTTP 200
Set-Cookie: theme=light
Set-Cookie: sessionToken=abc123; Expires=Wed, 09 Jun 2021 10:18:14 GMT

Doc

Or use explicit response asserts with predicates:

GET https://example.org
HTTP 302
[Asserts]
header "Location" contains "www.example.net"

Doc

Implicit and explicit asserts can be combined:

GET https://example.org/index.html
HTTP 200
Set-Cookie: theme=light
Set-Cookie: sessionToken=abc123; Expires=Wed, 09 Jun 2021 10:18:14 GMT
[Asserts]
header "Location" contains "www.example.net"

Testing REST APIs

Asserting JSON body response (node values, collection count etc...) with JSONPath:

GET https://example.org/order
screencapability: low
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
jsonpath "$.validated" == true
jsonpath "$.userInfo.firstName" == "Franck"
jsonpath "$.userInfo.lastName" == "Herbert"
jsonpath "$.hasDevice" == false
jsonpath "$.links" count == 12
jsonpath "$.state" != null
jsonpath "$.order" matches "^order-\\d{8}$"
jsonpath "$.order" matches /^order-\d{8}$/     # Alternative syntax with regex literal
jsonpath "$.created" isIsoDate

Doc

Testing HTML Response

GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[Asserts]
xpath "string(/html/head/title)" contains "Example" # Check title
xpath "count(//p)" == 2  # Check the number of p
xpath "//p" count == 2  # Similar assert for p
xpath "boolean(count(//h2))" == false  # Check there is no h2  
xpath "//h2" not exists  # Similar assert for h2
xpath "string(//div[1])" matches /Hello.*/

Doc

Testing Set-Cookie Attributes

GET https://example.org/home
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
cookie "JSESSIONID" == "8400BAFE2F66443613DC38AE3D9D6239"
cookie "JSESSIONID[Value]" == "8400BAFE2F66443613DC38AE3D9D6239"
cookie "JSESSIONID[Expires]" contains "Wed, 13 Jan 2021"
cookie "JSESSIONID[Secure]" exists
cookie "JSESSIONID[HttpOnly]" exists
cookie "JSESSIONID[SameSite]" == "Lax"

Doc

Testing Bytes Content

Check the SHA-256 response body hash:

GET https://example.org/data.tar.gz
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
sha256 == hex,039058c6f2c0cb492c533b0a4d14ef77cc0f78abccced5287d84a1a2011cfb81;

Doc

SSL Certificate

Check the properties of a SSL certificate:

GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
certificate "Subject" == "CN=example.org"
certificate "Issuer" == "C=US, O=Let's Encrypt, CN=R3"
certificate "Expire-Date" daysAfterNow > 15
certificate "Serial-Number" matches /[\da-f]+/

Doc

Checking Full Body

Use implicit body to test an exact JSON body match:

GET https://example.org/api/cats/123
HTTP 200
{
  "name" : "Purrsloud",
  "species" : "Cat",
  "favFoods" : ["wet food", "dry food", "<strong>any</strong> food"],
  "birthYear" : 2016,
  "photo" : "https://learnwebcode.github.io/json-example/images/cat-2.jpg"
}

Doc

Or an explicit assert file:

GET https://example.org/index.html
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
body == file,cat.json;

Doc

Implicit asserts supports XML body:

GET https://example.org/api/catalog
HTTP 200
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<catalog>
   <book id="bk101">
      <author>Gambardella, Matthew</author>
      <title>XML Developer's Guide</title>
      <genre>Computer</genre>
      <price>44.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date>
      <description>An in-depth look at creating applications with XML.</description>
   </book>
</catalog>

Doc

Plain text:

GET https://example.org/models
HTTP 200
```
Year,Make,Model,Description,Price
1997,Ford,E350,"ac, abs, moon",3000.00
1999,Chevy,"Venture ""Extended Edition""","",4900.00
1999,Chevy,"Venture ""Extended Edition, Very Large""",,5000.00
1996,Jeep,Grand Cherokee,"MUST SELL! air, moon roof, loaded",4799.00
```

Doc

One line:

POST https://example.org/helloworld
HTTP 200
`Hello world!`

Doc

File:

GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
file,data.bin;

Doc

Reports

HTML Report

$ hurl --test --report-html build/report/ *.hurl

Doc

JSON Report

$ hurl --test --report-json build/report/ *.hurl

Doc

JUnit Report

$ hurl --test --report-junit build/report.xml *.hurl

Doc

TAP Report

$ hurl --test --report-tap build/report.txt *.hurl

Doc

JSON Output

A structured output of running Hurl files can be obtained with --json option. Each file will produce a JSON export of the run.

$ hurl --json *.hurl

Others

HTTP Version

Testing HTTP version (HTTP/1.0, HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 or HTTP/3):

GET https://foo.com
HTTP/3 200

GET https://bar.com
HTTP/2 200

Doc

Polling and Retry

Retry request on any errors (asserts, captures, status code, runtime etc...):

# Create a new job
POST https://api.example.org/jobs
HTTP 201
[Captures]
job_id: jsonpath "$.id"
[Asserts]
jsonpath "$.state" == "RUNNING"


# Pull job status until it is completed
GET https://api.example.org/jobs/{{job_id}}
[Options]
retry: 10   # maximum number of retry, -1 for unlimited
retry-interval: 500ms
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
jsonpath "$.state" == "COMPLETED"

Doc

Delaying Requests

Add delay for every request, or a particular request:

# Delaying this request by 5 seconds
GET https://example.org/turtle
[Options]
delay: 5s
HTTP 200

# No delay!
GET https://example.org/turtle
HTTP 200

Doc

Skipping Requests

# a, c, d are run, b is skipped
GET https://example.org/a

GET https://example.org/b
[Options]
skip: true

GET https://example.org/c

GET https://example.org/d

Doc

Testing Endpoint Performance

GET https://sample.org/helloworld
HTTP *
[Asserts]
duration < 1000   # Check that response time is less than one second

Doc

Using SOAP APIs

POST https://example.org/InStock
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
SOAPAction: "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:m="https://example.org">
  <soap:Header></soap:Header>
  <soap:Body>
    <m:GetStockPrice>
      <m:StockName>GOOG</m:StockName>
    </m:GetStockPrice>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
HTTP 200

Doc

Capturing and Using a CSRF Token

GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
[Captures]
csrf_token: xpath "string(//meta[@name='_csrf_token']/@content)"


POST https://example.org/login?user=toto&password=1234
X-CSRF-TOKEN: {{csrf_token}}
HTTP 302

Doc

Checking Byte Order Mark (BOM) in Response Body

GET https://example.org/data.bin
HTTP 200
[Asserts]
bytes startsWith hex,efbbbf;

Doc

AWS Signature Version 4 Requests

Generate signed API requests with AWS Signature Version 4, as used by several cloud providers.

POST https://sts.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/
[Options]
aws-sigv4: aws:amz:eu-central-1:sts
[FormParams]
Action: GetCallerIdentity
Version: 2011-06-15

The Access Key is given per --user, either with command line option or within the [Options] section:

POST https://sts.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/
[Options]
aws-sigv4: aws:amz:eu-central-1:sts
user: bob=secret
[FormParams]
Action: GetCallerIdentity
Version: 2011-06-15

Doc

Using curl Options

curl options (for instance --resolve or --connect-to) can be used as CLI argument. In this case, they're applicable to each request of an Hurl file.

$ hurl --resolve foo.com:8000:127.0.0.1 foo.hurl

Use [Options] section to configure a specific request:

GET http://bar.com
HTTP 200


GET http://foo.com:8000/resolve
[Options]
resolve: foo.com:8000:127.0.0.1
HTTP 200
`Hello World!`

Doc

Manual

Name

hurl - run and test HTTP requests.

Synopsis

hurl [options] [FILE...]

Description

Hurl is a command line tool that runs HTTP requests defined in a simple plain text format.

It can chain requests, capture values and evaluate queries on headers and body response. Hurl is very versatile, it can be used for fetching data and testing HTTP sessions: HTML content, REST / SOAP / GraphQL APIs, or any other XML / JSON based APIs.

$ hurl session.hurl

If no input files are specified, input is read from stdin.

$ echo GET http://httpbin.org/get | hurl
    {
      "args": {},
      "headers": {
        "Accept": "*/*",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
        "Content-Length": "0",
        "Host": "httpbin.org",
        "User-Agent": "hurl/0.99.10",
        "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-5eedf4c7-520814d64e2f9249ea44e0"
      },
      "origin": "1.2.3.4",
      "url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
    }

Hurl can take files as input, or directories. In the latter case, Hurl will search files with .hurl extension recursively.

Output goes to stdout by default. To have output go to a file, use the -o, --output option:

$ hurl -o output input.hurl

By default, Hurl executes all HTTP requests and outputs the response body of the last HTTP call.

To have a test oriented output, you can use --test option:

$ hurl --test *.hurl

Hurl File Format

The Hurl file format is fully documented in https://hurl.dev/docs/hurl-file.html

It consists of one or several HTTP requests

GET http://example.org/endpoint1
GET http://example.org/endpoint2

Capturing values

A value from an HTTP response can be-reused for successive HTTP requests.

A typical example occurs with CSRF tokens.

GET https://example.org
HTTP 200
# Capture the CSRF token value from html body.
[Captures]
csrf_token: xpath "normalize-space(//meta[@name='_csrf_token']/@content)"

# Do the login !
POST https://example.org/login?user=toto&password=1234
X-CSRF-TOKEN: {{csrf_token}}

More information on captures can be found here https://hurl.dev/docs/capturing-response.html

Asserts

The HTTP response defined in the Hurl file are used to make asserts. Responses are optional.

At the minimum, response includes assert on the HTTP status code.

GET http://example.org
HTTP 301

It can also include asserts on the response headers

GET http://example.org
HTTP 301
Location: http://www.example.org

Explicit asserts can be included by combining a query and a predicate

GET http://example.org
HTTP 301
[Asserts]
xpath "string(//title)" == "301 Moved"

With the addition of asserts, Hurl can be used as a testing tool to run scenarios.

More information on asserts can be found here https://hurl.dev/docs/asserting-response.html

Options

Options that exist in curl have exactly the same semantics.

Options specified on the command line are defined for every Hurl file's entry, except if they are tagged as cli-only (can not be defined in the Hurl request [Options] entry)

For instance:

$ hurl --location foo.hurl

will follow redirection for each entry in foo.hurl. You can also define an option only for a particular entry with an [Options] section. For instance, this Hurl file:

GET https://example.org
HTTP 301

GET https://example.org
[Options]
location: true
HTTP 200

will follow a redirection only for the second entry.

Option	Description
--aws-sigv4 <PROVIDER1[:PROVIDER2[:REGION[:SERVICE]]]>	Generate an Authorization header with an AWS SigV4 signature. Use -u, --user to specify Access Key Id (username) and Secret Key (password). To use temporary session credentials (e.g. for an AWS IAM Role), add the X-Amz-Security-Token header containing the session token.
--cacert <FILE>	Specifies the certificate file for peer verification. The file may contain multiple CA certificates and must be in PEM format. Normally Hurl is built to use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to alter that default file.
-E, --cert <CERTIFICATE[:PASSWORD]>	Client certificate file and password. See also --key.
--color	Colorize debug output (the HTTP response output is not colorized). This is a cli-only option.
--compressed	Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms br, gzip, deflate and automatically decompress the content.
--connect-timeout <SECONDS>	Maximum time in seconds that you allow Hurl's connection to take. You can specify time units in the connect timeout expression. Set Hurl to use a connect timeout of 20 seconds with --connect-timeout 20s or set it to 35,000 milliseconds with --connect-timeout 35000ms. No spaces allowed. See also -m, --max-time.
--connect-to <HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2>	For a request to the given HOST1:PORT1 pair, connect to HOST2:PORT2 instead. This option can be used several times in a command line. See also --resolve.
--continue-on-error	Continue executing requests to the end of the Hurl file even when an assert error occurs. By default, Hurl exits after an assert error in the HTTP response. Note that this option does not affect the behavior with multiple input Hurl files. All the input files are executed independently. The result of one file does not affect the execution of the other Hurl files. This is a cli-only option.
-b, --cookie <FILE>	Read cookies from FILE (using the Netscape cookie file format). Combined with -c, --cookie-jar, you can simulate a cookie storage between successive Hurl runs. This is a cli-only option.
-c, --cookie-jar <FILE>	Write cookies to FILE after running the session (only for one session). The file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format. Combined with -b, --cookie, you can simulate a cookie storage between successive Hurl runs. This is a cli-only option.
--delay <MILLISECONDS>	Sets delay before each request. The delay is not applied to requests that have been retried because of --retry. See --retry-interval to space retried requests. You can specify time units in the delay expression. Set Hurl to use a delay of 2 seconds with --delay 2s or set it to 500 milliseconds with --delay 500ms. No spaces allowed.
--error-format <FORMAT>	Control the format of error message (short by default or long) This is a cli-only option.
--file-root <DIR>	Set root directory to import files in Hurl. This is used for files in multipart form data, request body and response output. When it is not explicitly defined, files are relative to the Hurl file's directory. This is a cli-only option.
--from-entry <ENTRY_NUMBER>	Execute Hurl file from ENTRY_NUMBER (starting at 1). This is a cli-only option.
--glob <GLOB>	Specify input files that match the given glob pattern. Multiple glob flags may be used. This flag supports common Unix glob patterns like *, ? and []. However, to avoid your shell accidentally expanding glob patterns before Hurl handles them, you must use single quotes or double quotes around each pattern. This is a cli-only option.
-0, --http1.0	Tells Hurl to use HTTP version 1.0 instead of using its internally preferred HTTP version.
--http1.1	Tells Hurl to use HTTP version 1.1.
--http2	Tells Hurl to use HTTP version 2. For HTTPS, this means Hurl negotiates HTTP/2 in the TLS handshake. Hurl does this by default. For HTTP, this means Hurl attempts to upgrade the request to HTTP/2 using the Upgrade: request header.
--http3	Tells Hurl to try HTTP/3 to the host in the URL, but fallback to earlier HTTP versions if the HTTP/3 connection establishment fails. HTTP/3 is only available for HTTPS and not for HTTP URLs.
--ignore-asserts	Ignore all asserts defined in the Hurl file. This is a cli-only option.
-i, --include	Include the HTTP headers in the output This is a cli-only option.
-k, --insecure	This option explicitly allows Hurl to perform "insecure" SSL connections and transfers.
--interactive	Stop between requests. This is similar to a break point, You can then continue (Press C) or quit (Press Q). This is a cli-only option.
-4, --ipv4	This option tells Hurl to use IPv4 addresses only when resolving host names, and not for example try IPv6.
-6, --ipv6	This option tells Hurl to use IPv6 addresses only when resolving host names, and not for example try IPv4.
--jobs <NUM>	Maximum number of parallel jobs in parallel mode. Default value corresponds (in most cases) to the current amount of CPUs. See also --parallel. This is a cli-only option.
--json	Output each Hurl file result to JSON. The format is very closed to HAR format. This is a cli-only option.
--key <KEY>	Private key file name.
--limit-rate <SPEED>	Specify the maximum transfer rate you want Hurl to use, for both downloads and uploads. This feature is useful if you have a limited pipe and you would like your transfer not to use your entire bandwidth. To make it slower than it otherwise would be. The given speed is measured in bytes/second. This is a cli-only option.
-L, --location	Follow redirect. To limit the amount of redirects to follow use the --max-redirs option
--location-trusted	Like -L, --location, but allows sending the name + password to all hosts that the site may redirect to. This may or may not introduce a security breach if the site redirects you to a site to which you send your authentication info (which is plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication).
--max-filesize <BYTES>	Specify the maximum size in bytes of a file to download. If the file requested is larger than this value, the transfer does not start. This is a cli-only option.
--max-redirs <NUM>	Set maximum number of redirection-followings allowed By default, the limit is set to 50 redirections. Set this option to -1 to make it unlimited.
-m, --max-time <SECONDS>	Maximum time in seconds that you allow a request/response to take. This is the standard timeout. You can specify time units in the maximum time expression. Set Hurl to use a maximum time of 20 seconds with --max-time 20s or set it to 35,000 milliseconds with --max-time 35000ms. No spaces allowed. See also --connect-timeout. This is a cli-only option.
-n, --netrc	Scan the .netrc file in the user's home directory for the username and password. See also --netrc-file and --netrc-optional.
--netrc-file <FILE>	Like --netrc, but provide the path to the netrc file. See also --netrc-optional.
--netrc-optional	Similar to --netrc, but make the .netrc usage optional. See also --netrc-file.
--no-color	Do not colorize output. This is a cli-only option.
--no-output	Suppress output. By default, Hurl outputs the body of the last response. This is a cli-only option.
--noproxy <HOST(S)>	Comma-separated list of hosts which do not use a proxy. Override value from Environment variable no_proxy.
-o, --output <FILE>	Write output to FILE instead of stdout.
--parallel	Run files in parallel. Each Hurl file is executed in its own worker thread, without sharing anything with the other workers. The default run mode is sequential. Parallel execution is by default in --test mode. See also --jobs. This is a cli-only option.
--path-as-is	Tell Hurl to not handle sequences of /../ or /./ in the given URL path. Normally Hurl will squash or merge them according to standards but with this option set you tell it not to do that.
-x, --proxy <[PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT]>	Use the specified proxy.
--repeat <NUM>	Repeat the input files sequence NUM times, -1 for infinite loop. Given a.hurl, b.hurl, c.hurl as input, repeat two times will run a.hurl, b.hurl, c.hurl, a.hurl, b.hurl, c.hurl. This is a cli-only option.
--report-html <DIR>	Generate HTML report in DIR. If the HTML report already exists, it will be updated with the new test results. This is a cli-only option.
--report-json <DIR>	Generate JSON report in DIR. If the JSON report already exists, it will be updated with the new test results. This is a cli-only option.
--report-junit <FILE>	Generate JUnit File. If the FILE report already exists, it will be updated with the new test results. This is a cli-only option.
--report-tap <FILE>	Generate TAP report. If the FILE report already exists, it will be updated with the new test results. This is a cli-only option.
--resolve <HOST:PORT:ADDR>	Provide a custom address for a specific host and port pair. Using this, you can make the Hurl requests(s) use a specified address and prevent the otherwise normally resolved address to be used. Consider it a sort of /etc/hosts alternative provided on the command line.
--retry <NUM>	Maximum number of retries, 0 for no retries, -1 for unlimited retries. Retry happens if any error occurs (asserts, captures, runtimes etc...).
--retry-interval <MILLISECONDS>	Duration in milliseconds between each retry. Default is 1000 ms. You can specify time units in the retry interval expression. Set Hurl to use a retry interval of 2 seconds with --retry-interval 2s or set it to 500 milliseconds with --retry-interval 500ms. No spaces allowed.
--ssl-no-revoke	(Windows) This option tells Hurl to disable certificate revocation checks. WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and by using this flag you ask for exactly that. This is a cli-only option.
--test	Activate test mode: with this, the HTTP response is not outputted anymore, progress is reported for each Hurl file tested, and a text summary is displayed when all files have been run. In test mode, files are executed in parallel. To run test in a sequential way use --job 1. See also --jobs. This is a cli-only option.
--to-entry <ENTRY_NUMBER>	Execute Hurl file to ENTRY_NUMBER (starting at 1). Ignore the remaining of the file. It is useful for debugging a session. This is a cli-only option.
--unix-socket <PATH>	(HTTP) Connect through this Unix domain socket, instead of using the network.
-u, --user <USER:PASSWORD>	Add basic Authentication header to each request.
-A, --user-agent <NAME>	Specify the User-Agent string to send to the HTTP server. This is a cli-only option.
--variable <NAME=VALUE>	Define variable (name/value) to be used in Hurl templates.
--variables-file <FILE>	Set properties file in which your define your variables. Each variable is defined as name=value exactly as with --variable option. Note that defining a variable twice produces an error. This is a cli-only option.
-v, --verbose	Turn on verbose output on standard error stream. Useful for debugging. A line starting with '>' means data sent by Hurl. A line staring with '<' means data received by Hurl. A line starting with '*' means additional info provided by Hurl. If you only want HTTP headers in the output, -i, --include might be the option you're looking for.
--very-verbose	Turn on more verbose output on standard error stream. In contrast to --verbose option, this option outputs the full HTTP body request and response on standard error. In addition, lines starting with '**' are libcurl debug logs.
-h, --help	Usage help. This lists all current command line options with a short description.
-V, --version	Prints version information

Environment

Environment variables can only be specified in lowercase.

Using an environment variable to set the proxy has the same effect as using the -x, --proxy option.

Variable	Description
http_proxy [PROTOCOL://]<HOST>[:PORT]	Sets the proxy server to use for HTTP.
https_proxy [PROTOCOL://]<HOST>[:PORT]	Sets the proxy server to use for HTTPS.
all_proxy [PROTOCOL://]<HOST>[:PORT]	Sets the proxy server to use if no protocol-specific proxy is set.
no_proxy <comma-separated list of hosts>	List of host names that shouldn't go through any proxy.
HURL_name value	Define variable (name/value) to be used in Hurl templates. This is similar than --variable and --variables-file options.
NO_COLOR	When set to a non-empty string, do not colorize output (see --no-color option).

Exit Codes

Value	Description
0	Success.
1	Failed to parse command-line options.
2	Input File Parsing Error.
3	Runtime error (such as failure to connect to host).
4	Assert Error.

WWW

https://hurl.dev

See Also

curl(1) hurlfmt(1)

Installation

Binaries Installation

Linux

Precompiled binary is available at Hurl latest GitHub release:

$ INSTALL_DIR=/tmp
$ VERSION=5.0.1
$ curl --silent --location https://github.com/Orange-OpenSource/hurl/releases/download/$VERSION/hurl-$VERSION-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz | tar xvz -C $INSTALL_DIR
$ export PATH=$INSTALL_DIR/hurl-$VERSION-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin:$PATH

Debian / Ubuntu

For Debian / Ubuntu, Hurl can be installed using a binary .deb file provided in each Hurl release.

$ VERSION=5.0.1
$ curl --location --remote-name https://github.com/Orange-OpenSource/hurl/releases/download/$VERSION/hurl_${VERSION}_amd64.deb
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install ./hurl_${VERSION}_amd64.deb

Alpine

Hurl is available on testing channel.

$ apk add --repository http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing hurl

Arch Linux / Manjaro

Hurl is available on extra channel.

$ pacman -Sy hurl

NixOS / Nix

NixOS / Nix package is available on stable channel.

macOS

Precompiled binaries for Intel and ARM CPUs are available at Hurl latest GitHub release.

Homebrew

$ brew install hurl

MacPorts

$ sudo port install hurl

FreeBSD

$ sudo pkg install hurl

Windows

Windows requires the Visual C++ Redistributable Package to be installed manually, as this is not included in the installer.

Zip File

Hurl can be installed from a standalone zip file at Hurl latest GitHub release. You will need to update your PATH variable.

Installer

An executable installer is also available at Hurl latest GitHub release.

Chocolatey

$ choco install hurl

Scoop

$ scoop install hurl

Windows Package Manager

$ winget install hurl

Cargo

If you're a Rust programmer, Hurl can be installed with cargo.

$ cargo install hurl

conda-forge

$ conda install -c conda-forge hurl

Hurl can also be installed with conda-forge powered package manager like pixi.

Docker

$ docker pull ghcr.io/orange-opensource/hurl:latest

npm

$ npm install --save-dev @orangeopensource/hurl

Building From Sources

Hurl sources are available in GitHub.

Build on Linux

Hurl depends on libssl, libcurl and libxml2 native libraries. You will need their development files in your platform.

Debian based distributions

$ apt install -y build-essential pkg-config libssl-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libxml2-dev

Fedora based distributions

$ dnf install -y pkgconf-pkg-config gcc openssl-devel libxml2-devel

Red Hat based distributions

$ yum install -y pkg-config gcc openssl-devel libxml2-devel

Arch based distributions

$ pacman -S --noconfirm pkgconf gcc glibc openssl libxml2

Alpine based distributions

$ apk add curl-dev gcc libxml2-dev musl-dev openssl-dev

Build on macOS

$ xcode-select --install
$ brew install pkg-config

Hurl is written in Rust. You should install the latest stable release.

$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh -s -- -y
$ source $HOME/.cargo/env
$ rustc --version
$ cargo --version

Then build hurl:

$ git clone https://github.com/Orange-OpenSource/hurl
$ cd hurl
$ cargo build --release
$ ./target/release/hurl --version

Build on Windows

Please follow the contrib on Windows section.