Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/AleoHQ/leo

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+version: 2.1
+commands:
+  setup_environment:
+    description: "Setup environment"
+    parameters:
+      cache_key:
+        type: string
+        default: leo-stable-cache
+    steps:
+      - run: set -e
+      - setup_remote_docker
+      - run:
+          name: Prepare environment and install dependencies
+          command: |
+            export SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE=200M
+            export WORK_DIR="$CIRCLE_WORKING_DIRECTORY/.cache/sccache"
+            export SCCACHE_DIR="$CIRCLE_WORKING_DIRECTORY/.cache/sccache"
+            mkdir -p "$CIRCLE_WORKING_DIRECTORY/.bin"
+            wget https://github.com/mozilla/sccache/releases/download/0.2.13/sccache-0.2.13-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz
+            tar -C "$CIRCLE_WORKING_DIRECTORY/.bin" -xvf sccache-0.2.13-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz
+            mv $CIRCLE_WORKING_DIRECTORY/.bin/sccache-0.2.13-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/sccache $CIRCLE_WORKING_DIRECTORY/.bin/sccache
+            export PATH="$PATH:$CIRCLE_WORKING_DIRECTORY/.bin"
+            export RUSTC_WRAPPER="sccache"
+            rm -rf "$CIRCLE_WORKING_DIRECTORY/.cargo/registry"
+            sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y clang llvm-dev llvm pkg-config xz-utils make libssl-dev libssl-dev
+      - restore_cache:
+          keys:
+            - << parameters.cache_key >>
+  clear_environment:
+    description: "Clear environment"
+    parameters:
+      cache_key:
+        type: string
+        default: leo-stable-cache
+    steps:
+      - run: (sccache -s||true)
+      - run: set +e
+      - save_cache:
+          key: << parameters.cache_key >>
+          paths:
+            - .cache/sccache
+            - .cargo
+jobs:
+
+  rust-stable:
+    docker:
+      - image: cimg/rust:1.50.0
+    resource_class: xlarge
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - setup_environment:
+          cache_key: leo-stable-cache
+      - run:
+          name: Build and run tests
+          no_output_timeout: 30m
+          command: cargo install --path . --root .
+      - persist_to_workspace:
+          root: ~/
+          paths: project/
+      - clear_environment:
+          cache_key: leo-stable-cache
+
+  leo-new:
+    docker:
+      - image: cimg/rust:1.50.0
+    resource_class: xlarge
+    steps:
+      - attach_workspace:
+          at: /home/circleci/project/
+      - run:
+          name: leo new
+          command: |
+            export LEO=/home/circleci/project/project/bin/leo
+            ./project/.circleci/leo-new.sh
+
+  leo-init:
+    docker:
+      - image: cimg/rust:1.50.0
+    resource_class: xlarge
+    steps:
+      - attach_workspace:
+          at: /home/circleci/project/
+      - run:
+          name: leo init
+          command: |
+            export LEO=/home/circleci/project/project/bin/leo
+            ./project/.circleci/leo-init.sh
+
+  leo-clean:
+    docker:
+      - image: cimg/rust:1.50.0
+    resource_class: xlarge
+    steps:
+      - attach_workspace:
+          at: /home/circleci/project/
+      - run:
+          name: leo clean
+          command: |
+            export LEO=/home/circleci/project/project/bin/leo
+            ./project/.circleci/leo-clean.sh
+
+  leo-setup:
+    docker:
+      - image: cimg/rust:1.50.0
+    resource_class: xlarge
+    steps:
+      - attach_workspace:
+          at: /home/circleci/project/
+      - run:
+          name: leo setup
+          command: |
+            export LEO=/home/circleci/project/project/bin/leo
+            ./project/.circleci/leo-setup.sh
+
+  leo-add-remove:
+    docker:
+      - image: cimg/rust:1.50.0
+    resource_class: xlarge
+    steps:
+      - attach_workspace:
+          at: /home/circleci/project/
+      - run:
+          name: leo add & remove
+          command: |
+            export LEO=/home/circleci/project/project/bin/leo
+            ./project/.circleci/leo-add-remove.sh
+
+  leo-login-logout:
+    docker:
+      - image: cimg/rust:1.50.0
+    resource_class: xlarge
+    steps:
+      - attach_workspace:
+          at: /home/circleci/project/
+      - run:
+          name: leo login & logout
+          command: |
+            export LEO=/home/circleci/project/project/bin/leo
+            ./project/.circleci/leo-login-logout.sh
+
+workflows:
+  version: 2
+  main-workflow:
+    jobs:
+      - rust-stable
+      - leo-new:
+          requires:
+            - rust-stable
+      - leo-init:
+          requires:
+            - rust-stable
+      - leo-clean:
+          requires:
+            - rust-stable
+      - leo-setup:
+          requires:
+            - rust-stable
+      - leo-add-remove:
+          requires:
+            - rust-stable
+      - leo-login-logout:
+          requires:
+            - rust-stable

.circleci/leo-add-remove.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# leo add (w/o login) & remove
+
+$LEO new my-app && cd my-app
+$LEO add howard/silly-sudoku
+$LEO remove silly-sudoku
+$LEO clean

.circleci/leo-clean.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# leo new hello-world
+
+$LEO new hello-world
+ls -la
+cd hello-world && ls -la
+$LEO run
+
+# Assert that the 'outputs' folder is not empty
+
+cd outputs || exit 1
+if [ "$(ls -A $DIR)" ]; then
+  echo "$DIR is not empty"
+else
+  echo "$DIR is empty"
+  exit 1
+fi
+cd ..
+
+# leo clean
+
+$LEO clean
+cd outputs && ls -la
+cd ..
+
+# Assert that the 'outputs' folder is empty
+
+cd outputs || exit 1
+if [ "$(ls -A $DIR)" ]; then
+  echo "$DIR is not empty"
+  exit 1
+else
+  echo "$DIR is empty"
+  exit 0
+fi

.circleci/leo-init.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+mkdir hello-world && cd hello-world || exit 1
+$LEO init
+ls -la
+$LEO run

.circleci/leo-login-logout.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# leo login & logout
+
+$LEO new my-app && cd my-app || exit 1
+$LEO login -u "$ALEO_PM_USERNAME" -p "$ALEO_PM_PASSWORD"
+$LEO add howard/silly-sudoku
+$LEO remove silly-sudoku
+$LEO logout

.circleci/leo-new.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+$LEO new hello-world
+ls -la
+cd hello-world && ls -la
+$LEO run

.circleci/leo-setup.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# leo setup
+
+cd ./project/examples/pedersen-hash || exit 1
+$LEO setup
+$LEO setup
+$LEO setup --skip-key-check
+$LEO clean

.github/workflows/leo-add-remove.yml

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-name: leo-add-remove
-on:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'docs/**'
-      - 'documentation/**'
-env:
-  RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-jobs:
-  add:
-    name: Add Package ('leo add')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
-
-      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly
-          override: true
-          components: rustfmt
-
-      - name: Install Leo
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        env:
-          CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI: true
-        with:
-          command: install
-          args: --path .
-
-      - name: 'leo add (w/o login) & remove'
-        run: |
-          cd .. && leo new my-app && cd my-app
-          leo add argus4130/xnor
-          leo remove xnor
-          leo clean
-

.github/workflows/leo-clean.yml

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-name: leo-clean
-on:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'docs/**'
-      - 'documentation/**'
-env:
-  RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-jobs:
-  new:
-    name: Hello Leo ('leo new hello-world')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
-
-      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly
-          override: true
-          components: rustfmt
-
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/.cargo/registry
-            ~/.cargo/git
-            target
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
-
-      - name: Install Leo
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: install
-          args: --path .
-
-      - name: 'leo new hello-world'
-        run: |
-          cd ..
-          leo new hello-world
-          ls -la
-          cd hello-world && ls -la
-          leo run
-
-      - name: Assert that the 'outputs' folder is not empty
-        run: |
-          cd ../hello-world/outputs
-          if [ "$(ls -A $DIR)" ]; then
-              echo "$DIR is not empty"
-          else
-              echo "$DIR is empty"
-              exit 1
-          fi
-
-      - name: 'leo clean'
-        run: |
-          cd ../hello-world
-          leo clean
-          cd outputs && ls -la
-
-      - name: Assert that the 'outputs' folder is empty
-        run: |
-          cd ../hello-world/outputs
-          if [ "$(ls -A $DIR)" ]; then
-              echo "$DIR is not empty"
-              exit 1
-          else
-              echo "$DIR is empty"
-              exit 0
-          fi

.github/workflows/leo-init.yml

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-name: leo-init
-on:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'docs/**'
-      - 'documentation/**'
-env:
-  RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-jobs:
-  init:
-    name: Hello Leo ('leo init')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
-
-      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly
-          override: true
-          components: rustfmt
-
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/.cargo/registry
-            ~/.cargo/git
-            target
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
-
-      - name: Install Leo
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: install
-          args: --path .
-
-      - name: 'leo init'
-        run: |
-          cd .. && mkdir hello-world && cd hello-world
-          leo init
-          ls -la
-          leo run

.github/workflows/leo-login-logout.yml

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-name: leo-login-logout
-on:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'docs/**'
-      - 'documentation/**'
-env:
-  RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-jobs:
-  add:
-    name: Add Package ('leo add')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
-
-      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly
-          override: true
-          components: rustfmt
-
-      - name: Install Leo
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        env:
-          CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI: true
-        with:
-          command: install
-          args: --path .
-
-      - name: 'leo login & logout'
-        env:
-          USER: ${{ secrets.ALEO_PM_USERNAME }}
-          PASS: ${{ secrets.ALEO_PM_PASSWORD }}
-        run: |
-          cd .. && leo new my-app && cd my-app
-          leo login -u "$USER" -p "$PASS"
-          leo add argus4130/xnor
-          leo remove xnor
-          leo logout
-

.github/workflows/leo-new.yml

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-name: leo-new
-on:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'docs/**'
-      - 'documentation/**'
-env:
-  RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-jobs:
-  new:
-    name: Hello Leo ('leo new hello-world')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
-
-      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly
-          override: true
-          components: rustfmt
-
-      - uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/.cargo/registry
-            ~/.cargo/git
-            target
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
-
-      - name: Install Leo
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        with:
-          command: install
-          args: --path .
-
-      - name: 'leo new hello-world'
-        run: |
-          cd ..
-          leo new hello-world
-          ls -la
-          cd hello-world && ls -la
-          leo run

.github/workflows/leo-setup.yml

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-name: leo-setup
-on:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - 'docs/**'
-      - 'documentation/**'
-env:
-  RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-
-jobs:
-  add:
-    name: Add Package ('leo add')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
-
-      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly
-          override: true
-          components: rustfmt
-
-      - name: Install Leo
-        uses: actions-rs/cargo@v1
-        env:
-          CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI: true
-        with:
-          command: install
-          args: --path .
-
-      - name: 'leo setup for examples'
-        env:
-          USER: ${{ secrets.ALEO_PM_USERNAME }}
-          PASS: ${{ secrets.ALEO_PM_PASSWORD }}
-        run: |
-          cd examples/pedersen-hash
-          leo setup
-          leo setup
-          leo setup --skip-key-check
-          leo clean
-

.gitignore

@@ -2,3 +2,9 @@
 /tmp/
 **.idea/
 *.DS_Store
+
+**/process.yml
+
+**/.crates.toml
+**/.crates2.json
+**/bin/

DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Development Guide
+
+## Running CircleCI locally
+
+### Step 1: Install CircleCI
+
+If you wish to run CircleCI locally, start by installing it:
+
+- macOS
+```
+brew install circleci
+```
+
+- Linux (via Snap)
+```
+sudo snap install docker circleci
+sudo snap connect circleci:docker docker
+```
+
+- Windows (via Chocolatey)
+```
+choco install circleci-cli -y
+```
+
+### Step 2: Run CircleCI
+
+To run a job, export the config to `process.yml`, and specify it when executing:
+```shell
+circleci config process .circleci/config.yml > process.yml
+circleci local execute -c process.yml --job JOB_NAME
+```

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-    <img width="1412" src="./.resources/leo.png">
+    <img width="1412" src=".resources/banner.png">
 </p>
 
 <h1 align="center">The Leo Programming Language</h1>
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ Leo is a functional, statically-typed programming language built for writing pri
 
 
 ## 1. Overview
+
 Welcome to the Leo programming language.
 
 Leo provides a high-level language that abstracts low-level cryptographic concepts and makes it easy to 

leo/commands/build.rs

@@ -36,16 +36,10 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Compile and build program command
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Build {}
 
-impl Build {
-    pub fn new() -> Build {
-        Build {}
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for Build {
     type Input = ();
     type Output = Option<(Compiler<'static, Fq, EdwardsGroupType>, bool)>;
@@ -140,8 +134,8 @@ impl Command for Build {
                 let temporary_program = program.clone();
                 let output = temporary_program.compile_constraints(&mut cs)?;
 
-                tracing::debug!("Compiled constraints - {:#?}", output);
-                tracing::debug!("Number of constraints - {:#?}", cs.num_constraints());
+                tracing::debug!("Compiled output - {:#?}", output);
+                tracing::info!("Number of constraints - {:#?}", cs.num_constraints());
 
                 // Serialize the circuit
                 let circuit_object = SerializedCircuit::from(cs);

leo/commands/clean.rs

@@ -23,16 +23,10 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Clean outputs folder command
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Clean {}
 
-impl Clean {
-    pub fn new() -> Clean {
-        Clean {}
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for Clean {
     type Input = ();
     type Output = ();

leo/commands/deploy.rs

@@ -21,16 +21,10 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Deploy Leo program to the network
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Deploy {}
 
-impl Deploy {
-    pub fn new() -> Deploy {
-        Deploy {}
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for Deploy {
     type Input = ();
     type Output = ();

leo/commands/init.rs

@@ -23,16 +23,10 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Init Leo project command within current directory
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Init {}
 
-impl Init {
-    pub fn new() -> Init {
-        Init {}
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for Init {
     type Input = ();
     type Output = ();
@@ -46,13 +40,20 @@ impl Command for Init {
     }
 
     fn apply(self, _: Context, _: Self::Input) -> Result<Self::Output> {
+        // Derive the package directory path.
         let path = current_dir()?;
+
+        // Check that the given package name is valid.
         let package_name = path
             .file_stem()
             .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Project name invalid"))?
             .to_string_lossy()
             .to_string();
+        if !LeoPackage::is_package_name_valid(&package_name) {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Invalid Leo project name"));
+        }
 
+        // Check that the current package directory path exists.
         if !path.exists() {
             return Err(anyhow!("Directory does not exist"));
         }

leo/commands/lint.rs

@@ -21,16 +21,10 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Lint Leo code command
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Lint {}
 
-impl Lint {
-    pub fn new() -> Lint {
-        Lint {}
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for Lint {
     type Input = ();
     type Output = ();

leo/commands/mod.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub mod test;
 pub use test::Test;
 
 pub mod update;
-pub use update::{Sub as UpdateAutomatic, Update};
+pub use update::{Automatic as UpdateAutomatic, Update};
 
 pub mod watch;
 pub use watch::Watch;
@@ -60,57 +60,55 @@ pub use watch::Watch;
 // Aleo PM related commands
 pub mod package;
 
-/// Base trait for Leo CLI, see methods and their documentation for details
+/// Base trait for the Leo CLI, see methods and their documentation for details.
 pub trait Command {
-    /// If current command requires running another command before
-    /// and needs its output results, this is the place to set.
+    /// If the current command requires running another command beforehand
+    /// and needs its output result, this is where the result type is defined.
     /// Example: type Input: <CommandA as Command>::Out
     type Input;
 
-    /// Define output of the command to be reused as an Input for another
-    /// command. If this command is not used as a prelude for another, keep empty
+    /// Defines the output of this command, which may be used as `Input` for another
+    /// command. If this command is not used as a prelude for another command,
+    /// this field may be left empty.
     type Output;
 
-    /// Returns project context, currently keeping it simple but it is possible
-    /// that in the future leo will not depend on current directory, and we're keeping
-    /// option for extending current core
+    /// Returns the project context, which is defined as the current directory.
     fn context(&self) -> Result<Context> {
         get_context()
     }
 
-    /// Add span to the logger tracing::span.
-    /// Due to specifics of macro implementation it is impossible to set
-    /// span name with non-literal i.e. dynamic variable even if this
-    /// variable is &'static str
+    /// Adds a span to the logger via `tracing::span`.
+    /// Because of the specifics of the macro implementation, it is not possible
+    /// to set the span name with a non-literal i.e. a dynamic variable even if this
+    /// variable is a &'static str.
     fn log_span(&self) -> Span {
         tracing::span!(tracing::Level::INFO, "Leo")
     }
 
-    /// Run prelude and get Input for current command. As simple as that.
-    /// But due to inability to pass default implementation of a type, this
-    /// method must be present in every trait implementation.
+    /// Runs the prelude and returns the Input of the current command.
     fn prelude(&self) -> Result<Self::Input>
     where
         Self: std::marker::Sized;
 
-    /// Core of the execution - do what is necessary. This function is run within
-    /// context of 'execute' function, which sets logging and timers
+    /// Runs the main operation of this command. This function is run within
+    /// context of 'execute' function, which sets logging and timers.
     fn apply(self, context: Context, input: Self::Input) -> Result<Self::Output>
     where
         Self: std::marker::Sized;
 
-    /// Wrapper around apply function, sets up tracing, time tracking and context
+    /// A wrapper around the `apply` method.
+    /// This function sets up tracing, timing, and the context.
     fn execute(self) -> Result<Self::Output>
     where
         Self: std::marker::Sized,
     {
         let input = self.prelude()?;
 
-        // create span for this command
+        // Create the span for this command.
         let span = self.log_span();
         let span = span.enter();
 
-        // calculate execution time for each run
+        // Calculate the execution time for this command.
         let timer = Instant::now();
 
         let context = self.context()?;
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ pub trait Command {
 
         drop(span);
 
-        // use done context to print time
+        // Use the done context to print the execution time for this command.
         tracing::span!(tracing::Level::INFO, "Done").in_scope(|| {
             tracing::info!("Finished in {} milliseconds \n", timer.elapsed().as_millis());
         });
@@ -126,7 +124,7 @@ pub trait Command {
         out
     }
 
-    /// Execute command but empty the result. Comes in handy where there's a
+    /// Executes command but empty the result. Comes in handy where there's a
     /// need to make match arms compatible while keeping implementation-specific
     /// output possible. Errors however are all of the type Error
     fn try_execute(self) -> Result<()>

leo/commands/new.rs

@@ -30,12 +30,6 @@ pub struct New {
     name: String,
 }
 
-impl New {
-    pub fn new(name: String) -> New {
-        New { name }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for New {
     type Input = ();
     type Output = ();
@@ -49,13 +43,17 @@ impl Command for New {
     }
 
     fn apply(self, _: Context, _: Self::Input) -> Result<Self::Output> {
-        let mut path = current_dir()?;
+        // Check that the given package name is valid.
         let package_name = self.name;
+        if !LeoPackage::is_package_name_valid(&package_name) {
+            return Err(anyhow!("Invalid Leo project name"));
+        }
 
-        // Derive the package directory path
+        // Derive the package directory path.
+        let mut path = current_dir()?;
         path.push(&package_name);
 
-        // Verify the package directory path does not exist yet
+        // Verify the package directory path does not exist yet.
         if path.exists() {
             return Err(anyhow!("Directory already exists {:?}", path));
         }

leo/commands/package/logout.rs

@@ -22,16 +22,10 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::Span;
 
 /// Remove credentials for Aleo PM from .leo directory
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Logout {}
 
-impl Logout {
-    pub fn new() -> Logout {
-        Logout {}
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for Logout {
     type Input = ();
     type Output = ();

leo/commands/package/publish.rs

@@ -37,23 +37,17 @@ struct ResponseJson {
 }
 
 /// Publish package to Aleo Package Manager
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Publish {}
 
-impl Publish {
-    pub fn new() -> Publish {
-        Publish {}
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for Publish {
     type Input = <Build as Command>::Output;
     type Output = Option<String>;
 
     /// Build program before publishing
     fn prelude(&self) -> Result<Self::Input> {
-        Build::new().execute()
+        (Build {}).execute()
     }
 
     fn apply(self, context: Context, _input: Self::Input) -> Result<Self::Output> {

leo/commands/package/remove.rs

@@ -22,19 +22,13 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Remove imported package
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Remove {
     #[structopt(name = "PACKAGE")]
     name: String,
 }
 
-impl Remove {
-    pub fn new(name: String) -> Remove {
-        Remove { name }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for Remove {
     type Input = ();
     type Output = ();

leo/commands/prove.rs

@@ -28,17 +28,11 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Run the program and produce a proof
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Prove {
     #[structopt(long = "skip-key-check", help = "Skip key verification on Setup stage")]
-    skip_key_check: bool,
-}
-
-impl Prove {
-    pub fn new(skip_key_check: bool) -> Prove {
-        Prove { skip_key_check }
-    }
+    pub(crate) skip_key_check: bool,
 }
 
 impl Command for Prove {
@@ -50,7 +44,8 @@ impl Command for Prove {
     }
 
     fn prelude(&self) -> Result<Self::Input> {
-        Setup::new(self.skip_key_check).execute()
+        let skip_key_check = self.skip_key_check;
+        (Setup { skip_key_check }).execute()
     }
 
     fn apply(self, context: Context, input: Self::Input) -> Result<Self::Output> {

leo/commands/run.rs

@@ -26,17 +26,11 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Build, Prove and Run Leo program with inputs
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Run {
     #[structopt(long = "skip-key-check", help = "Skip key verification on Setup stage")]
-    skip_key_check: bool,
-}
-
-impl Run {
-    pub fn new(skip_key_check: bool) -> Run {
-        Run { skip_key_check }
-    }
+    pub(crate) skip_key_check: bool,
 }
 
 impl Command for Run {
@@ -48,7 +42,8 @@ impl Command for Run {
     }
 
     fn prelude(&self) -> Result<Self::Input> {
-        Prove::new(self.skip_key_check).execute()
+        let skip_key_check = self.skip_key_check;
+        (Prove { skip_key_check }).execute()
     }
 
     fn apply(self, _context: Context, input: Self::Input) -> Result<Self::Output> {

leo/commands/setup.rs

@@ -31,17 +31,11 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Executes the setup command for a Leo program
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Setup {
     #[structopt(long = "skip-key-check", help = "Skip key verification")]
-    skip_key_check: bool,
-}
-
-impl Setup {
-    pub fn new(skip_key_check: bool) -> Setup {
-        Setup { skip_key_check }
-    }
+    pub(crate) skip_key_check: bool,
 }
 
 impl Command for Setup {
@@ -57,7 +51,7 @@ impl Command for Setup {
     }
 
     fn prelude(&self) -> Result<Self::Input> {
-        Build::new().execute()
+        (Build {}).execute()
     }
 
     fn apply(self, context: Context, input: Self::Input) -> Result<Self::Output> {
@@ -70,7 +64,6 @@ impl Command for Setup {
                 let keys_exist = ProvingKeyFile::new(&package_name).exists_at(&path)
                     && VerificationKeyFile::new(&package_name).exists_at(&path);
 
-                // If keys do not exist or the checksum differs, run the program setup
                 // If keys do not exist or the checksum differs, run the program setup
                 let (proving_key, prepared_verifying_key) = if !keys_exist || checksum_differs {
                     tracing::info!("Starting...");

leo/commands/test.rs

@@ -32,17 +32,11 @@ use structopt::StructOpt;
 use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Build program and run tests command
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Test {
     #[structopt(short = "f", long = "file", name = "file")]
-    files: Vec<PathBuf>,
-}
-
-impl Test {
-    pub fn new(files: Vec<PathBuf>) -> Test {
-        Test { files }
-    }
+    pub(crate) files: Vec<PathBuf>,
 }
 
 impl Command for Test {

leo/commands/update.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use tracing::span::Span;
 
 /// Setting for automatic updates of Leo
 #[derive(Debug, StructOpt, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Sub {
+pub enum Automatic {
     Automatic {
         #[structopt(name = "bool", help = "Boolean value: true or false", parse(try_from_str))]
         value: bool,
@@ -30,30 +30,20 @@ pub enum Sub {
 }
 
 /// Update Leo to the latest version
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Update {
     /// List all available versions of Leo
     #[structopt(short, long)]
-    list: bool,
+    pub(crate) list: bool,
 
     /// For Aleo Studio only
     #[structopt(short, long)]
-    studio: bool,
+    pub(crate) studio: bool,
 
     /// Setting for automatic updates of Leo
     #[structopt(subcommand)]
-    automatic: Option<Sub>,
-}
-
-impl Update {
-    pub fn new(list: bool, studio: bool, automatic: Option<Sub>) -> Update {
-        Update {
-            list,
-            studio,
-            automatic,
-        }
-    }
+    pub(crate) automatic: Option<Automatic>,
 }
 
 impl Command for Update {
@@ -69,13 +59,13 @@ impl Command for Update {
     }
 
     fn apply(self, _: Context, _: Self::Input) -> Result<Self::Output> {
-        // if --list is passed - simply list everything and exit
+        // If --list is passed, list all available versions and return.
         if self.list {
             return Updater::show_available_releases().map_err(|e| anyhow!("Could not fetch versions: {}", e));
         }
 
-        // in case automatic subcommand was called
-        if let Some(Sub::Automatic { value }) = self.automatic {
+        // Handles enabling and disabling automatic updates in the config file.
+        if let Some(Automatic::Automatic { value }) = self.automatic {
             Config::set_update_automatic(value)?;
 
             match value {

leo/commands/watch.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use tracing::span::Span;
 const LEO_SOURCE_DIR: &str = "src/";
 
 /// Watch file changes in src/ directory and run Build Command
-#[derive(StructOpt, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 #[structopt(setting = structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp)]
 pub struct Watch {
     /// Set up watch interval
@@ -35,12 +35,6 @@ pub struct Watch {
     interval: u64,
 }
 
-impl Watch {
-    pub fn new(interval: u64) -> Watch {
-        Watch { interval }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Command for Watch {
     type Input = ();
     type Output = ();
@@ -70,7 +64,7 @@ impl Command for Watch {
             match rx.recv() {
                 // See changes on the write event
                 Ok(DebouncedEvent::Write(_write)) => {
-                    match Build::new().execute() {
+                    match (Build {}).execute() {
                         Ok(_output) => {
                             tracing::info!("Built successfully");
                         }

leo/tests/mod.rs

@@ -39,34 +39,34 @@ const PEDERSEN_HASH_PATH: &str = "./examples/pedersen-hash/";
 
 #[test]
 pub fn build_pedersen_hash() -> Result<()> {
-    Build::new().apply(context()?, ())?;
+    (Build {}).apply(context()?, ())?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
 #[test]
 pub fn setup_pedersen_hash() -> Result<()> {
-    let build = Build::new().apply(context()?, ())?;
-    Setup::new(false).apply(context()?, build.clone())?;
-    Setup::new(true).apply(context()?, build)?;
+    let build = (Build {}).apply(context()?, ())?;
+    (Setup { skip_key_check: false }).apply(context()?, build.clone())?;
+    (Setup { skip_key_check: true }).apply(context()?, build)?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
 #[test]
 pub fn prove_pedersen_hash() -> Result<()> {
-    let build = Build::new().apply(context()?, ())?;
-    let setup = Setup::new(false).apply(context()?, build)?;
-    Prove::new(false).apply(context()?, setup.clone())?;
-    Prove::new(true).apply(context()?, setup)?;
+    let build = (Build {}).apply(context()?, ())?;
+    let setup = (Setup { skip_key_check: false }).apply(context()?, build)?;
+    (Prove { skip_key_check: false }).apply(context()?, setup.clone())?;
+    (Prove { skip_key_check: true }).apply(context()?, setup)?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
 #[test]
 pub fn run_pedersen_hash() -> Result<()> {
-    let build = Build::new().apply(context()?, ())?;
-    let setup = Setup::new(false).apply(context()?, build)?;
-    let prove = Prove::new(false).apply(context()?, setup)?;
-    Run::new(false).apply(context()?, prove.clone())?;
-    Run::new(true).apply(context()?, prove)?;
+    let build = (Build {}).apply(context()?, ())?;
+    let setup = (Setup { skip_key_check: false }).apply(context()?, build)?;
+    let prove = (Prove { skip_key_check: false }).apply(context()?, setup)?;
+    (Run { skip_key_check: false }).apply(context()?, prove.clone())?;
+    (Run { skip_key_check: true }).apply(context()?, prove)?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ pub fn test_pedersen_hash() -> Result<()> {
     let mut main_file = PathBuf::from(PEDERSEN_HASH_PATH);
     main_file.push("src/main.leo");
 
-    Test::new(Vec::new()).apply(context()?, ())?;
-    Test::new(vec![main_file]).apply(context()?, ())?;
+    (Test { files: vec![] }).apply(context()?, ())?;
+    (Test { files: vec![main_file] }).apply(context()?, ())?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
 #[test]
 pub fn test_logout() -> Result<()> {
-    Logout::new().apply(context()?, ())?;
+    (Logout {}).apply(context()?, ())?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -111,12 +111,40 @@ pub fn login_incorrect_credentials_or_token() -> Result<()> {
 
 #[test]
 pub fn leo_update_and_update_automatic() -> Result<()> {
-    Update::new(true, true, None).apply(context()?, ())?;
-    Update::new(false, true, None).apply(context()?, ())?;
-    Update::new(false, false, None).apply(context()?, ())?;
+    let update = Update {
+        list: true,
+        studio: true,
+        automatic: None,
+    };
+    update.apply(context()?, ())?;
 
-    Update::new(false, false, Some(UpdateAutomatic::Automatic { value: true })).apply(context()?, ())?;
-    Update::new(false, false, Some(UpdateAutomatic::Automatic { value: false })).apply(context()?, ())?;
+    let update = Update {
+        list: false,
+        studio: true,
+        automatic: None,
+    };
+    update.apply(context()?, ())?;
+
+    let update = Update {
+        list: false,
+        studio: false,
+        automatic: None,
+    };
+    update.apply(context()?, ())?;
+
+    let update = Update {
+        list: false,
+        studio: false,
+        automatic: Some(UpdateAutomatic::Automatic { value: true }),
+    };
+    update.apply(context()?, ())?;
+
+    let update = Update {
+        list: false,
+        studio: false,
+        automatic: Some(UpdateAutomatic::Automatic { value: false }),
+    };
+    update.apply(context()?, ())?;
 
     Ok(())
 }

package/src/errors/package.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ pub enum PackageError {
     #[error("Failed to initialize package {:?} ({:?})", _0, _1)]
     FailedToInitialize(String, OsString),
 
+    #[error("Invalid project name: {:?}", _0)]
+    InvalidPackageName(String),
+
     #[error("`{}` metadata: {}", _0, _1)]
     Removing(&'static str, io::Error),
 }

package/src/errors/root/manifest.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ use std::io;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum ManifestError {
+    #[error("{}: {}", _0, _1)]
+    Crate(&'static str, String),
+
     #[error("`{}` creating: {}", _0, _1)]
     Creating(&'static str, io::Error),
 
@@ -36,3 +39,9 @@ pub enum ManifestError {
     #[error("`{}` writing: {}", _0, _1)]
     Writing(&'static str, io::Error),
 }
+
+impl From<crate::errors::PackageError> for ManifestError {
+    fn from(error: crate::errors::PackageError) -> Self {
+        ManifestError::Crate("leo-package", error.to_string())
+    }
+}

package/src/lib.rs

@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ impl LeoPackage {
         package::Package::initialize(package_name, is_lib, path)
     }
 
+    /// Returns `true` if the given Leo package name is valid.
+    pub fn is_package_name_valid(package_name: &str) -> bool {
+        package::Package::is_package_name_valid(package_name)
+    }
+
     /// Removes an imported Leo package
     pub fn remove_imported_package(package_name: &str, path: &Path) -> Result<(), PackageError> {
         package::Package::remove_imported_package(package_name, path)

package/src/package.rs

@@ -34,17 +34,79 @@ pub struct Package {
 }
 
 impl Package {
-    pub fn new(package_name: &str) -> Self {
-        Self {
+    pub fn new(package_name: &str) -> Result<Self, PackageError> {
+        // Check that the package name is valid.
+        if !Self::is_package_name_valid(package_name) {
+            return Err(PackageError::InvalidPackageName(package_name.to_string()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self {
             name: package_name.to_owned(),
             version: "0.1.0".to_owned(),
             description: None,
             license: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the package name is valid.
+    ///
+    /// Package names must be lowercase and composed solely
+    /// of ASCII alphanumeric characters, and may be word-separated
+    /// by a single dash '-'.
+    pub fn is_package_name_valid(package_name: &str) -> bool {
+        // Check that the package name is nonempty.
+        if package_name.is_empty() {
+            tracing::error!("Project names must be nonempty");
+            return false;
         }
+
+        let mut previous = package_name.chars().next().unwrap();
+
+        // Check that the first character is not a dash.
+        if previous == '-' {
+            tracing::error!("Project names cannot begin with a dash");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Iterate and check that the package name is valid.
+        for current in package_name.chars() {
+            // Check that the package name is lowercase.
+            if !current.is_ascii_lowercase() && current != '-' {
+                tracing::error!("Project names must be all lowercase");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Check that the package name is only ASCII alphanumeric or a dash.
+            if !current.is_ascii_alphanumeric() && current != '-' {
+                tracing::error!("Project names must be ASCII alphanumeric, and may be word-separated with a dash");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // If the previous character was a dash, check that the current character is not a dash.
+            if previous == '-' && current == '-' {
+                tracing::error!("Project names may only be word-separated by one dash");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            previous = current;
+        }
+
+        // Check that the last character is not a dash.
+        if previous == '-' {
+            tracing::error!("Project names cannot end with a dash");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        true
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if a package is can be initialized at a given path.
     pub fn can_initialize(package_name: &str, is_lib: bool, path: &Path) -> bool {
+        // Check that the package name is valid.
+        if !Self::is_package_name_valid(package_name) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         let mut result = true;
         let mut existing_files = vec![];
 
@@ -91,6 +153,11 @@ impl Package {
 
     /// Returns `true` if a package is initialized at the given path
     pub fn is_initialized(package_name: &str, is_lib: bool, path: &Path) -> bool {
+        // Check that the package name is valid.
+        if !Self::is_package_name_valid(package_name) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         // Check if the manifest file exists.
         if !Manifest::exists_at(&path) {
             return false;
@@ -137,7 +204,7 @@ impl Package {
         // Next, initialize this directory as a Leo package.
         {
             // Create the manifest file.
-            Manifest::new(&package_name).write_to(&path)?;
+            Manifest::new(&package_name)?.write_to(&path)?;
 
             // Verify that the .gitignore file does not exist.
             if !Gitignore::exists_at(&path) {
@@ -190,3 +257,27 @@ impl Package {
         Ok(ImportsDirectory::remove_import(path, package_name)?)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_package_name_valid() {
+        assert!(Package::is_package_name_valid("foo"));
+        assert!(Package::is_package_name_valid("foo-bar"));
+        assert!(Package::is_package_name_valid("foo-bar-baz"));
+
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid(""));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("-"));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("-foo"));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("-foo-"));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("foo--bar"));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("foo---bar"));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("foo--bar--baz"));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("foo---bar---baz"));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("foo*bar"));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("foo,bar"));
+        assert!(!Package::is_package_name_valid("foo_bar"));
+    }
+}

package/src/root/manifest.rs

@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ pub struct Manifest {
 }
 
 impl Manifest {
-    pub fn new(package_name: &str) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            project: Package::new(package_name),
+    pub fn new(package_name: &str) -> Result<Self, ManifestError> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            project: Package::new(package_name)?,
             remote: None,
-        }
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn filename() -> String {

package/tests/initialize/initialize.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,10 @@ fn initialize_fails_with_existing_manifest() {
     assert!(Package::can_initialize(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, false, &test_directory));
 
     // Manually add a manifest file to the `test_directory`
-    Manifest::new(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME).write_to(&test_directory).unwrap();
+    Manifest::new(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME)
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_to(&test_directory)
+        .unwrap();
 
     // Attempt to initialize a package at the `test_directory`
     assert!(Package::initialize(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, false, &test_directory).is_err());