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README.md
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README.md
@ -13,12 +13,7 @@ Leo is a functional, statically-typed programming language built for writing pri
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* [2.2a Build from Crates.io](#22a-build-from-cratesio)
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* [2.2b Build from Source Code](#22b-build-from-source-code)
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* [3. Quick Start](#3-quick-start)
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* [4. Flying Tour](#4-flying-tour)
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* [4.1 Functions](#41-functions)
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* [4.2 Testing](#42-testing)
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* [4.3 Data Types](#43-data-types)
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* [4.4 Circuits](#44-circuits)
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* [4.5 Imports](#45-imports)
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* [4. Documentation](#4-documentation)
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* [5. Contributing](#5-contributing)
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* [6. License](#6-license)
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@ -26,10 +21,16 @@ Leo is a functional, statically-typed programming language built for writing pri
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## 1. Overview
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Welcome to the Leo programming language.
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Leo exists to provide a simple high-level language that compiles to a rank one constraint system (R1CS) circuit.
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With Leo, you can write circuits to support zero-knowledge tokens, private stable coins, and decentralized marketplaces.
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Leo exists to provide a simple high-level language that abstracts low-level cryptographic concepts and makes it easy to
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integrate private applications into your stack. Leo compiles to R1CS circuits making zero-knowledge proofs practical.
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With Leo, you can support zero-knowledge tokens, private stable coins, and decentralized marketplaces.
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The syntax of Leo is influenced by JavaScript, Python, Scala, and Rust with a strong emphasis on readability and ease-of-use.
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Leo provides developers with never before seen tools to sanity check circuits including unit tests, integration tests, and console functions.
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Leo is one part of a greater ecosystem for building private applications on [Aleo](https://aleo.org/). If your goal is to build a user experience
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on the web that is both truly personal and truly private, then we recommend downloading the [Aleo Studio IDE](https://aleo.studio/)
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and checking out the [Aleo Package Manager]().
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## 2. Build Guide
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@ -100,105 +101,12 @@ The `leo run` command will compile the main program, generate keys for a trusted
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Congratulations! You've just run your first Leo program.
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## 4. Flying Tour
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## 4. Documentation
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The best way to get to know Leo is by writing some code. We will fly through a high level overview of a Leo file.
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To gain a deeper understanding of the Leo language, then check out the [developer documentation](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/getting_started/overview)
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**Square Root Example**: Let's prove that we know the square root of a number.
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**`src/main.leo`**
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```rust // change this to leo
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function main(a: u32, b: u32) -> bool {
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return square_root(a, b)
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}
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function square_root(a: u32, b: u32) -> bool {
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return a * a == b
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}
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test function test_square_root() {
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let a: u32 = 5;
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let b: u32 = 25;
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let result = square_root(a, b);
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console.assert(result == true);
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}
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```
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### 4.1 Functions
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The `main` function is the entrypoint of a Leo program.
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`leo run` will provide private inputs directly to the function for proving and store the program result in an output file.
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The `square_root` function is called by `main` with private inputs `a` and `b` which are both unsigned `u32` integers.
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### 4.2 Testing
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A naive way to test `square_root` would be to execute `leo run` several times on different inputs and check the output of the program each time.
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Luckily, we can write unit tests in Leo using the `test function` syntax.
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In `test_square_root` we can sanity check our code without having to load in private inputs from a file every time.
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Want to upgrade your test function into an integration test?
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In Leo you can add a test context annotation that loads different sets of private inputs to make your test suite even more robust.
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The last line of `test_square_root` uses the console function `console.assert`.
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This function along with `console.log`, `console.debug`, and `console.error` provide developers with tools that are run without
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affecting the underlying constraint system.
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### 4.3 Data Types
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Leo supports boolean, unsigned integer, signed integer, field, group element, and address data types.
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Collections of data types can be created in the form of static arrays and tuples.
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### 4.4 Circuits
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**Circuits Example**
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**`src/main.leo`**
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```rust
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circuit Point {
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x: u32,
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y: u32,
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static function new() -> Self {
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return Self {
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x: 0,
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y: 0,
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}
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}
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function add() -> u32 {
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return self.x + self.y
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}
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}
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function main() {
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let mut p = Point::new();
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p.x = 4u32;
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p.y = 6u32;
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let sum = p.add();
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console.log("The sum is {}", sum);
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}
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```
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Circuits in leo are similar to structures in other object-oriented languages.
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They provide a composite data type that can store primitive values and provide functions for instantiation and computation.
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The `static` keyword modifies the `new` function so it can be called without instantiating the circuit.
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Leo introduces `Self` and `self` keywords to access circuit member values.
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### 4.5 Imports
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Imports fetch other circuits and functions and bring them into the current file scope.
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Leo supports imports for dependencies that are declared locally or in an imported package.
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Importing packages can be accomplished using the `leo add` command in the CLI.
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* [Leo Hello World](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/getting_started/hello_world)
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* [Leo Language Documentation](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/language/layout)
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* [Leo CLI Documentation](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/cli/new)
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* [Homepage](https://developer.aleo.org/developer/getting_started/overview)
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## 5. Contributing
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@ -206,6 +114,5 @@ Please see our guidelines in the [developer documentation](https://developer.ale
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Thank you for helping make Leo better!
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## 6. License
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[![License: GPL v3](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-GPLv3-blue.svg)](./LICENSE.md)
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