diff --git a/.github/workflows/browser-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/browser-tests.yml
index 5e5fa2de1e..5e6fbf0720 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/browser-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/browser-tests.yml
@@ -3,24 +3,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - 'main'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      environment:
-        description: 'Environment to run tests against'
-        type: environment
-        required: true
-      site_url:
-        description: 'Site URL (override)'
-        required: false
-        type: string
-      owner_email:
-        description: 'Owner email (override)'
-        required: false
-        type: string
-      owner_password:
-        description: 'Owner password (override)'
-        required: false
-        type: string
+  workflow_dispatch: {}
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}
 jobs:
@@ -28,12 +11,10 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 60
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && !startsWith(github.head_ref, 'renovate/'))
-    environment: ${{ github.event.inputs.environment || 'browser-tests-local' }}
-    env:
-      ENVIRONMENT: ${{ github.event.inputs.environment || 'browser-tests-local' }}
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
+        ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.ref || github.ref }}
         fetch-depth: 0
         submodules: true
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
@@ -76,26 +57,15 @@ jobs:
       run: npx playwright install-deps
 
     - name: Build Admin
-      if: env.ENVIRONMENT == 'browser-tests-local'
       run: yarn nx run ghost-admin:build:dev
 
-    - name: Run Playwright tests on a remote site
-      if: env.ENVIRONMENT == 'browser-tests-staging'
-      working-directory: ghost/core
-      run: yarn test:browser
-      env:
-        TEST_URL: ${{ github.event.inputs.site_url || secrets.TEST_URL }}
-        TEST_OWNER_EMAIL: ${{ github.event.inputs.owner_email || secrets.TEST_OWNER_EMAIL }}
-        TEST_OWNER_PASSWORD: ${{ github.event.inputs.owner_password || secrets.TEST_OWNER_PASSWORD }}
-
     - name: Run Playwright tests locally
-      if: env.ENVIRONMENT == 'browser-tests-local'
       working-directory: ghost/core
       run: yarn test:browser
       env:
+        CI: true
         STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY: ${{ secrets.STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY }}
         STRIPE_SECRET_KEY: ${{ secrets.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY }}
-        STRIPE_ACCOUNT_ID: ${{ secrets.STRIPE_ACCOUNT_ID }}
 
     - uses: tryghost/actions/actions/slack-build@main
       if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
@@ -108,5 +78,5 @@ jobs:
       if: always()
       with:
         name: browser-tests-playwright-report
-        path: ghost/core/playwright-report
+        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/ghost/core/playwright-report
         retention-days: 30
diff --git a/ghost/core/core/cli/record-test.js b/ghost/core/core/cli/record-test.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 17d6fc8598..0000000000
--- a/ghost/core/core/cli/record-test.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-const {chromium} = require('@playwright/test');
-const Command = require('./command');
-const playwrightConfig = require('../../playwright.config');
-const {globalSetup} = require('../../test/e2e-browser/utils');
-
-module.exports = class RecordTest extends Command {
-    setup() {
-        this.help('Use PlayWright to record a browser-based test');
-    }
-
-    permittedEnvironments() {
-        return ['testing-browser'];
-    }
-
-    async handle() {
-        await globalSetup({
-            projects: [playwrightConfig]
-        });
-
-        const browser = await chromium.launch({headless: false});
-
-        const context = await browser.newContext(playwrightConfig.use);
-
-        // Pause the page, and start recording manually.
-        const page = await context.newPage();
-        await page.goto('/ghost');
-
-        await page.pause();
-    }
-};
diff --git a/ghost/core/package.json b/ghost/core/package.json
index 7ed4b142a5..63a5044b9a 100644
--- a/ghost/core/package.json
+++ b/ghost/core/package.json
@@ -33,12 +33,10 @@
     "test:integration": "yarn test:base './test/integration' --timeout=10000",
     "test:e2e": "yarn test:base ./test/e2e-* --timeout=15000",
     "test:regression": "yarn test:base './test/regression' --timeout=60000",
-    "test:browser": "yarn test:browser:admin && yarn test:browser:portal",
+    "test:browser": "NODE_ENV=testing-browser playwright test",
     "test:browser:admin": "NODE_ENV=testing-browser  playwright test test/e2e-browser --project=admin",
     "test:browser:portal": "NODE_ENV=testing-browser playwright test test/e2e-browser --project=portal",
-    "test:browser:single": "NODE_ENV=testing-browser playwright test",
     "test:browser:setup": "npx playwright install",
-    "test:browser:record": "NODE_ENV=testing-browser yarn start record-test",
     "test:ci:e2e": "c8 -c ./.c8rc.e2e.json -o coverage-e2e yarn test:e2e -b --retries=2 --reporter=./test/utils/mocha-retry-reporter.js",
     "test:ci:regression": "yarn test:regression -b --retries=2 --reporter=./test/utils/mocha-retry-reporter.js",
     "test:ci:integration": "c8 -c ./.c8rc.e2e.json -o coverage-integration --lines 57 --functions 47 --branches 77 --statements 57 yarn test:integration -b --retries=2 --reporter=./test/utils/mocha-retry-reporter.js",
diff --git a/ghost/core/playwright.config.js b/ghost/core/playwright.config.js
index bac5a1d041..9852831aa7 100644
--- a/ghost/core/playwright.config.js
+++ b/ghost/core/playwright.config.js
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ const config = {
     expect: {
         timeout: 10000
     },
-    workers: 1,
-    reporter: [['list', {printSteps: true}]],
+    retries: process.env.CI ? 2 : 0,
+    workers: process.env.CI ? '100%' : (process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_SLOWMO ? 1 : undefined),
+    reporter: process.env.CI ? [['list', {printSteps: true}], ['html']] : [['list', {printSteps: true}]],
     use: {
         // Use a single browser since we can't simultaneously test multiple browsers
         browserName: 'chromium',
         headless: !process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_DEBUG,
-        baseURL: process.env.TEST_URL ?? 'http://127.0.0.1:2369',
-        // TODO: Where to put this
-        storageState: 'playwright-state.json'
+        // Port doesn't matter, overriden by baseURL fixture for each worker
+        baseURL: 'http://127.0.0.1:2368'
     },
     // separated tests to projects for better logging to console
     // portal tests are much more stable when running in the separate DB from admin tests
@@ -24,11 +24,10 @@ const config = {
         },
         {
             name: 'portal',
-            testDir: 'test/e2e-browser/portal'
+            testDir: 'test/e2e-browser/portal',
+            fullyParallel: true
         }
-    ],
-    globalSetup: './test/e2e-browser/utils/global-setup',
-    globalTeardown: './test/e2e-browser/utils/global-teardown'
+    ]
 };
 
 module.exports = config;
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/announcement-bar-settings.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/announcement-bar-settings.spec.js
index 1300e0736d..7a8e448656 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/announcement-bar-settings.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/announcement-bar-settings.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 
 test.describe('Announcement Bar Settings', () => {
     test('Bar hidden by default', async ({page}) => {
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/members.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/members.spec.js
index 6bfce6cbfd..47c37f4ede 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/members.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/members.spec.js
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 const {createMember, deleteAllMembers} = require('../utils/e2e-browser-utils');
 const fs = require('fs');
 
 test.describe('Admin', () => {
     test.describe('Members', () => {
-        test.describe.configure({retries: 1});
+        test.describe.configure({retries: 1, mode: 'serial'});
         test('A member can be created', async ({page}) => {
             await page.goto('/ghost');
             await page.locator('.gh-nav a[href="#/members/"]').click();
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ test.describe('Admin', () => {
         });
 
         test('A member can be granted a comp in admin', async ({page}) => {
-            page.goto('/ghost');
+            await page.goto('/ghost');
             await deleteAllMembers(page);
 
             // create a new member with a comped plan
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/membership-settings.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/membership-settings.spec.js
index 65a4bf5902..b234d41df3 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/membership-settings.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/membership-settings.spec.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
-const {disconnectStripe, setupStripe, generateStripeIntegrationToken} = require('../utils');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
+const {disconnectStripe, setupStripe, generateStripeIntegrationToken, getStripeAccountId} = require('../utils');
 
 test.describe('Membership Settings', () => {
     test.describe('Portal settings', () => {
@@ -18,7 +19,8 @@ test.describe('Membership Settings', () => {
             await expect(modal.locator('label').filter({hasText: 'Free'}).first()).toBeVisible();
 
             // Reconnect Stripe for other tests
-            const stripeToken = await generateStripeIntegrationToken();
+            const stripeAccountId = await getStripeAccountId();
+            const stripeToken = await generateStripeIntegrationToken(stripeAccountId);
             await page.goto('/ghost');
             await setupStripe(page, stripeToken);
         });
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/portal-settings.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/portal-settings.spec.js
index 4ccca63f68..b83c32c267 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/portal-settings.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/portal-settings.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 
 test.describe('Portal Settings', () => {
     test.describe('Links', () => {
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/posts.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/posts.spec.js
index 0a92d8cbb3..20dd40dce5 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/posts.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/posts.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 
 test.describe('Admin', () => {
     test.describe('Posts', () => {
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/private-site.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/private-site.spec.js
index 8c96bfbc2b..ffc9a9f856 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/private-site.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/private-site.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {test, expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 
 test.describe('Site Settings', () => {
     test.describe('Privacy setting', () => {
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/publishing.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/publishing.spec.js
index 1baff0dad1..d1845e6890 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/publishing.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/publishing.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 const {DateTime} = require('luxon');
 const {slugify} = require('@tryghost/string');
 const {createTier, createMember, createPostDraft, impersonateMember} = require('../utils');
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ test.describe('Publishing', () => {
             };
 
             // Create a member to send and email to
-            await createMember(page, {email: 'example@example.com', name: 'Publishing member'});
+            await createMember(page, {email: 'test+recipient1@example.com', name: 'Publishing member'});
 
             await page.goto('/ghost');
             await createPostDraft(page, postData);
@@ -220,12 +221,13 @@ test.describe('Publishing', () => {
 
         // Post should be available on web and sent as a newsletter
         test('Email only', async ({page}) => {
-            // Note: this currently depends on 'Publish and Email' to create a member!
             const postData = {
                 title: 'Email only post',
                 body: 'This is my post body.'
             };
 
+            await createMember(page, {email: 'test+recipient2@example.com', name: 'Publishing member'});
+
             await page.goto('/ghost');
             await createPostDraft(page, postData);
             await publishPost(page, {type: 'send'});
@@ -327,13 +329,14 @@ test.describe('Publishing', () => {
     test.describe('Schedule post', () => {
         // Post should be published to web and sent as a newsletter at the scheduled time
         test('Publish and Email', async ({page}) => {
-            // Note: this currently depends on the first 'Publish and Email' to create a member!
             const postData = {
                 // This title should be unique
                 title: 'Scheduled post publish+email test',
                 body: 'This is my scheduled post body.'
             };
 
+            await createMember(page, {email: 'test+recipient3@example.com', name: 'Publishing member'});
+
             await page.goto('/ghost');
             await createPostDraft(page, postData);
 
@@ -395,6 +398,8 @@ test.describe('Publishing', () => {
                 body: 'This is my scheduled post body.'
             };
 
+            await createMember(page, {email: 'test+recipient4@example.com', name: 'Publishing member'});
+
             await page.goto('/ghost');
             await createPostDraft(page, postData);
 
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/setup.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/setup.spec.js
index b4117b7215..f6785eab05 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/setup.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/setup.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 
 test.describe('Admin', () => {
     test.describe('Setup', () => {
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/site-settings.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/site-settings.spec.js
index 9d0a1c07e6..3991759bdd 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/site-settings.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/site-settings.spec.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
-const {createPostDraft, createTier, disconnectStripe, generateStripeIntegrationToken, setupStripe} = require('../utils');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
+const {createPostDraft, createTier, disconnectStripe, generateStripeIntegrationToken, setupStripe, getStripeAccountId} = require('../utils');
 
 const changeSubscriptionAccess = async (page, access) => {
     await page.locator('[data-test-nav="settings"]').click();
@@ -125,7 +126,8 @@ test.describe('Site Settings', () => {
             await changeSubscriptionAccess(page, 'all');
 
             await page.goto('/ghost');
-            const stripeToken = await generateStripeIntegrationToken();
+            const stripeAccountId = await getStripeAccountId();
+            const stripeToken = await generateStripeIntegrationToken(stripeAccountId);
             await setupStripe(page, stripeToken);
         });
     });
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/tiers.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/tiers.spec.js
index af7f2e2835..be53617792 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/tiers.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/admin/tiers.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 const {createTier, createOffer, getUniqueName, getSlug, goToMembershipPage, openTierModal} = require('../utils');
 
 test.describe('Admin', () => {
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/fixtures/ghost-test.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/fixtures/ghost-test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c3a217a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/fixtures/ghost-test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// express-test.js
+const base = require('@playwright/test');
+const {promisify} = require('util');
+const {spawn, exec} = require('child_process');
+const {setupGhost, setupMailgun, enableLabs, setupStripe, getStripeAccountId, generateStripeIntegrationToken} = require('../utils/e2e-browser-utils');
+const {allowStripe, mockMail} = require('../../utils/e2e-framework-mock-manager');
+const MailgunClient = require('@tryghost/mailgun-client');
+const sinon = require('sinon');
+const ObjectID = require('bson-objectid').default;
+const Stripe = require('stripe').Stripe;
+const configUtils = require('../../utils/configUtils');
+
+const startWebhookServer = (port) => {
+    const command = `stripe listen --forward-connect-to http://127.0.0.1:${port}/members/webhooks/stripe/ ${process.env.CI ? `--api-key ${process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY}` : ''}`.trim();
+    const webhookServer = spawn(command.split(' ')[0], command.split(' ').slice(1));
+
+    // Adding event listeners here seems to prevent heisenbug where webhooks aren't received
+    webhookServer.stdout.on('data', () => {});
+    webhookServer.stderr.on('data', () => {});
+
+    return webhookServer;
+};
+
+const getWebhookSecret = async () => {
+    const command = `stripe listen --print-secret ${process.env.CI ? `--api-key ${process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY}` : ''}`.trim();
+    const webhookSecret = (await promisify(exec)(command)).stdout;
+    return webhookSecret.toString().trim();
+};
+
+// Global promises for webhook secret / Stripe integration token
+const webhookSecretPromise = getWebhookSecret();
+
+module.exports = base.test.extend({
+    baseURL: async ({port, baseURL}, use) => {
+        // Replace the port in baseURL with the one we got from the port fixture
+        const url = new URL(baseURL);
+        url.port = port.toString();
+        await use(url.toString());
+    },
+
+    storageState: async ({ghost}, use) => {
+        await use(ghost.state);
+    },
+
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-empty-pattern
+    port: [async ({}, use, workerInfo) => {
+        await use(2369 + workerInfo.parallelIndex);
+    }, {scope: 'worker'}],
+
+    ghost: [async ({browser, port}, use, workerInfo) => {
+        // Do not initialise database before this block
+        const currentDate = new Date();
+        const formattedDate = `${currentDate.getFullYear()}-${String(currentDate.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0')}-${String(currentDate.getDate()).padStart(2, '0')}-${String(currentDate.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')}-${String(currentDate.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')}-${String(currentDate.getSeconds()).padStart(2, '0')}`;
+        process.env.database__connection__filename = `/tmp/ghost-playwright.${workerInfo.workerIndex}.${formattedDate}.db`;
+        configUtils.set('database:connection:filename', process.env.database__connection__filename);
+        configUtils.set('server:port', port);
+        configUtils.set('url', `http://127.0.0.1:${port}`);
+
+        const stripeAccountId = await getStripeAccountId();
+        const stripeIntegrationToken = await generateStripeIntegrationToken(stripeAccountId);
+
+        const WebhookManager = require('../../../../stripe/lib/WebhookManager');
+        const originalParseWebhook = WebhookManager.prototype.parseWebhook;
+        const sandbox = sinon.createSandbox();
+        sandbox.stub(WebhookManager.prototype, 'parseWebhook').callsFake(function (body, signature) {
+            const parsedBody = JSON.parse(body);
+            if (!('account' in parsedBody)) {
+                throw new Error('Webhook without account');
+            } else if (parsedBody.account !== stripeAccountId) {
+                throw new Error('Webhook for wrong account');
+            } else {
+                return originalParseWebhook.call(this, body, signature);
+            }
+        });
+
+        const StripeAPI = require('../../../../stripe/lib/StripeAPI');
+        const originalStripeConfigure = StripeAPI.prototype.configure;
+        sandbox.stub(StripeAPI.prototype, 'configure').callsFake(function (stripeConfig) {
+            originalStripeConfigure.call(this, stripeConfig);
+            if (stripeConfig) {
+                this._stripe = new Stripe(stripeConfig.secretKey, {
+                    apiVersion: '2020-08-27',
+                    stripeAccount: stripeAccountId
+                });
+            }
+        });
+
+        const stripeServer = startWebhookServer(port);
+
+        process.env.WEBHOOK_SECRET = await webhookSecretPromise;
+
+        sandbox.stub(MailgunClient.prototype, 'getInstance').returns({
+            // @ts-ignore
+            messages: {
+                create: async function () {
+                    return {
+                        id: `mailgun-mock-id-${ObjectID().toHexString()}`
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        mockMail();
+
+        const {startGhost} = require('../../utils/e2e-framework');
+        const server = await startGhost({
+            frontend: true,
+            server: true,
+            backend: true
+        });
+
+        // StartGhost automatically disables network, so we need to re-enable it for Stripe
+        allowStripe();
+
+        const page = await browser.newPage({
+            baseURL: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/`,
+            storageState: undefined
+        });
+
+        await setupGhost(page);
+        await setupStripe(page, stripeIntegrationToken);
+        await setupMailgun(page);
+        await enableLabs(page);
+        const state = await page.context().storageState();
+
+        await page.close();
+
+        // Use the server in the tests.
+        try {
+            await use({
+                server,
+                state
+            });
+        } finally {
+            const {stopGhost} = require('../../utils/e2e-utils');
+            await stopGhost();
+            stripeServer.kill();
+            sandbox.restore();
+        }
+    }, {scope: 'worker', auto: true}]
+});
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/donations.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/donations.spec.js
index b5c5a2f4da..4acda414b5 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/donations.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/donations.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 const {createMember, impersonateMember, completeStripeSubscription} = require('../utils');
 
 test.describe('Portal', () => {
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/member-actions.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/member-actions.spec.js
index b7d8b27f9c..93b03b2c6f 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/member-actions.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/member-actions.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 const {createMember, impersonateMember} = require('../utils');
 
 /**
@@ -22,7 +23,9 @@ const addNewsletter = async (page) => {
 
 test.describe('Portal', () => {
     test.describe('Member actions', () => {
-        test.describe.configure({retries: 1});
+        // Use serial mode as the order of tests matters, we create newsletters during the tests
+        // TODO: Use a `before` block to create all the requisite newsletters before the tests run
+        test.describe.configure({retries: 1, mode: 'serial'});
 
         test('can log out', async ({page}) => {
             // create a new free member
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/offers.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/offers.spec.js
index 4a1e09f441..eaf87dbdaa 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/offers.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/offers.spec.js
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 const {deleteAllMembers, createTier, createOffer, completeStripeSubscription} = require('../utils');
 
 test.describe('Portal', () => {
     test.describe('Offers', () => {
         test('Creates and uses a free-trial Offer', async ({page}) => {
             // reset members by deleting all existing
-            page.goto('/ghost');
+            await page.goto('/ghost');
             await deleteAllMembers(page);
 
             // add a new tier for offers
-            const tierName = 'Portal Tier';
+            const tierName = 'Trial Tier';
             await createTier(page, {
                 name: tierName,
                 monthlyPrice: 6,
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ test.describe('Portal', () => {
 
             // fill member details and click start trial
             await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-input="input-name"]').fill('Testy McTesterson');
-            await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-input="input-email"]').fill('testy@example.com');
+            await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-input="input-email"]').fill('testy+trial@example.com');
             await portalFrame.getByRole('button', {name: 'Start 14-day free trial'}).click();
 
             // handle newsletter selection page if it opens and click continue
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ test.describe('Portal', () => {
             await page.locator('.gh-nav a[href="#/members/"]').click();
 
             // 1 member, should be Testy, on Portal Tier
-            await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: 'Testy McTesterson testy@example.com'}), 'Should have 1 paid member').toBeVisible();
+            await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: 'Testy McTesterson testy+trial@example.com'}), 'Should have 1 paid member').toBeVisible();
             await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: tierName}), `Paid member should be on ${tierName}`).toBeVisible();
 
             // Ensure the offer redemption count was bumped
@@ -77,11 +78,11 @@ test.describe('Portal', () => {
 
         test('Creates and uses a one-time discount Offer', async ({page}) => {
             // reset members by deleting all existing
-            page.goto('/ghost');
+            await page.goto('/ghost');
             await deleteAllMembers(page);
 
             // add new tier
-            const tierName = 'Portal Tier';
+            const tierName = 'One-off Tier';
             await createTier(page, {
                 name: tierName,
                 monthlyPrice: 6,
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ test.describe('Portal', () => {
 
             // fill member details and continue
             await portalFrame.locator('#input-name').fill('Testy McTesterson');
-            await portalFrame.locator('#input-email').fill('testy@example.com');
+            await portalFrame.locator('#input-email').fill('testy+oneoff@example.com');
             await portalFrame.getByRole('button', {name: 'Continue'}).click();
 
             // check if newsletter selection screen is shown and continue
@@ -136,17 +137,17 @@ test.describe('Portal', () => {
             await page.locator('.gh-nav a[href="#/members/"]').click();
 
             // 1 member, should be Testy, on Portal Tier
-            await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: 'Testy McTesterson testy@example.com'}), 'Should have 1 paid member').toBeVisible();
+            await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: 'Testy McTesterson testy+oneoff@example.com'}), 'Should have 1 paid member').toBeVisible();
             await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: tierName}), `Paid member should be on ${tierName}`).toBeVisible();
         });
 
         test('Creates and uses a multiple-months discount Offer', async ({page}) => {
             // reset members by deleting all existing
-            page.goto('/ghost');
+            await page.goto('/ghost');
             await deleteAllMembers(page);
 
             // add new tier
-            const tierName = 'Portal Tier';
+            const tierName = 'Multiple-month Tier';
             await createTier(page, {
                 name: tierName,
                 monthlyPrice: 6,
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ test.describe('Portal', () => {
 
             // fill member details and continue
             await portalFrame.locator('#input-name').fill('Testy McTesterson');
-            await portalFrame.locator('#input-email').fill('testy@example.com');
+            await portalFrame.locator('#input-email').fill('testy+multi@example.com');
             await portalFrame.getByRole('button', {name: 'Continue'}).click();
 
             // check newsletter selection if shown and continue
@@ -204,17 +205,17 @@ test.describe('Portal', () => {
             await page.locator('.gh-nav a[href="#/members/"]').click();
 
             // 1 member, should be Testy, on Portal Tier
-            await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: 'Testy McTesterson testy@example.com'}), 'Should have 1 paid member').toBeVisible();
+            await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: 'Testy McTesterson testy+multi@example.com'}), 'Should have 1 paid member').toBeVisible();
             await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: tierName}), `Paid member should be on ${tierName}`).toBeVisible();
         });
 
         test('Creates and uses a forever discount Offer', async ({page}) => {
             // reset members by deleting all existing
-            page.goto('/ghost');
+            await page.goto('/ghost');
             await deleteAllMembers(page);
 
             // add tier
-            const tierName = 'Portal Tier';
+            const tierName = 'Forever Tier';
             await createTier(page, {
                 name: tierName,
                 monthlyPrice: 6,
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ test.describe('Portal', () => {
 
             // fill member details and continue
             await portalFrame.locator('#input-name').fill('Testy McTesterson');
-            await portalFrame.locator('#input-email').fill('testy@example.com');
+            await portalFrame.locator('#input-email').fill('testy+forever@example.com');
             await portalFrame.getByRole('button', {name: 'Continue'}).click();
 
             // check if newsletter selection page is shown and continue
@@ -269,15 +270,15 @@ test.describe('Portal', () => {
             await page.locator('.gh-nav a[href="#/members/"]').click();
 
             // 1 member, should be Testy, on Portal Tier
-            await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: 'Testy McTesterson testy@example.com'}), 'Should have 1 paid member').toBeVisible();
+            await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: 'Testy McTesterson testy+forever@example.com'}), 'Should have 1 paid member').toBeVisible();
             await expect(page.getByRole('link', {name: tierName}), `Paid member should be on ${tierName}`).toBeVisible();
         });
 
         test('Archiving an offer', async ({page}) => {
-            page.goto('/ghost');
+            await page.goto('/ghost');
 
             // Create a new tier to attach offer to
-            const tierName = 'Portal Tier';
+            const tierName = 'Archive Test Tier';
             await createTier(page, {
                 name: tierName,
                 monthlyPrice: 6,
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/tiers.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/tiers.spec.js
index c005901264..5a4f9b4bf9 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/tiers.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/tiers.spec.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
 const {deleteAllMembers, completeStripeSubscription} = require('../utils');
 
 test.describe('Portal', () => {
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/upgrade.spec.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/upgrade.spec.js
index ff42bd30f8..a2cdb12ad2 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/upgrade.spec.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/portal/upgrade.spec.js
@@ -1,152 +1,164 @@
-const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
-const {completeStripeSubscription, createMember, impersonateMember} = require('../utils');
+const {expect} = require('@playwright/test');
+const test = require('../fixtures/ghost-test');
+const {completeStripeSubscription, createMember, createTier, impersonateMember} = require('../utils');
+
+const tierName = 'Upgrade Tests';
 
 test.describe('Portal', () => {
-    test.describe('Upgrade: Comped Member', () => {
-        test('allows comped member to upgrade to paid tier', async ({page}) => {
-            const tierName = 'The Local Test';
+    test.describe('Upgrades', () => {
+        // Tier created in first test used in subsequent tests
+        test.describe.configure({mode: 'serial'});
 
-            // create a new member
-            await page.goto('/ghost');
-            await createMember(page, {
+        test.describe('Upgrade: Comped Member', () => {
+            test('allows comped member to upgrade to paid tier', async ({page}) => {
+                // create a new member
+                await page.goto('/ghost');
+                await createTier(page, {
+                    name: tierName,
+                    monthlyPrice: 5,
+                    yearlyPrice: 50
+                });
+                await createMember(page, {
+                    name: 'Testy McTest',
+                    email: 'testy+upgradecompedportal@example.com',
+                    note: 'Testy McTest is a test member'
+                });
+
+                //get the url of the current member on admin
+                const memberUrl = page.url();
+
+                // Give member comped subscription
+                await page.locator('[data-test-button="add-complimentary"]').click();
+                await page.locator('[data-test-button="save-comp-tier"]').first().click({
+                    delay: 500
+                });
+
+                await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
+                await impersonateMember(page);
+
+                const portalTriggerButton = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-frame"]').locator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-button"]');
+                const portalFrame = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-popup-frame"]');
+
+                // open portal, go to plans and click continue to select the first plan(yearly)
+                await portalTriggerButton.click();
+                await portalFrame.getByRole('button', {name: 'Change'}).click();
+
+                // select the tier for checkout (yearly)
+                await choseTierByName(portalFrame, tierName);
+
+                // complete stripe checkout
+                await completeStripeSubscription(page);
+
+                // open portal and check that member has been upgraded to paid tier
+                await portalTriggerButton.click();
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText('$50.00/year')).toBeVisible();
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByRole('heading', {name: 'Billing info'})).toBeVisible();
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText('**** **** **** 4242')).toBeVisible();
+
+                // check that member has been upgraded in admin and a tier exists for them
+                await page.goto(memberUrl);
+                await expect(page.locator('[data-test-tier]').first()).toBeVisible();
+            });
+        });
+
+        test.describe('Upgrade: Single Tier', () => {
+            // Because memberUrl is set during first test, we need to run these tests in series
+            test.describe.configure({mode: 'serial'});
+
+            let memberUrl;
+            const member = {
                 name: 'Testy McTest',
-                email: 'testy+upgradecompedportal@example.com',
+                email: 'testy+upgradeportal@example.com',
                 note: 'Testy McTest is a test member'
+            };
+
+            test('allows free member upgrade to paid tier', async ({page}) => {
+                await page.goto('/ghost');
+
+                // create a new free member
+                await page.goto('/ghost');
+                await createMember(page, member);
+
+                //store the url of the member detail page
+                memberUrl = page.url();
+
+                // impersonate the member on frontend
+                await impersonateMember(page);
+
+                const portalTriggerButton = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-frame"]').locator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-button"]');
+                const portalFrame = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-popup-frame"]');
+
+                // open portal, go to plans and click continue to select the first plan(yearly)
+                await portalTriggerButton.click();
+                // verify the member we created is logged in
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText('testy+upgradeportal@example.com')).toBeVisible();
+                // view plans button only shows for free member
+                await portalFrame.getByRole('button', {name: 'View plans'}).click();
+
+                // select the tier for checkout (yearly)
+                await choseTierByName(portalFrame, tierName);
+
+                // complete stripe checkout
+                await completeStripeSubscription(page);
+
+                // open portal and check that member has been upgraded to paid tier
+                await portalTriggerButton.click();
+                // verify member's tier, price and card details
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText(tierName)).toBeVisible();
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText('$50.00/year')).toBeVisible();
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText('**** **** **** 4242')).toBeVisible();
+
+                // verify member's tier on member detail page in admin
+                await page.goto(memberUrl);
+                const tierCard = await page.locator('[data-test-tier]').first();
+                const tierText = await tierCard.locator('[data-test-text="tier-name"]');
+                await expect(tierCard).toBeVisible();
+                await expect(tierText, 'Where is tier text').toHaveText(new RegExp(tierName));
             });
 
-            //get the url of the current member on admin
-            const memberUrl = page.url();
+            test('allows member to switch plans', async ({page}) => {
+                // go to member detail page in admin
+                await page.goto(memberUrl);
 
-            // Give member comped subscription
-            await page.locator('[data-test-button="add-complimentary"]').click();
-            await page.locator('[data-test-button="save-comp-tier"]').first().click({
-                delay: 500
+                // impersonate the member on frontend
+                await impersonateMember(page);
+
+                const portalTriggerButton = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-frame"]').locator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-button"]');
+                const portalFrame = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-popup-frame"]');
+
+                // open portal
+                await portalTriggerButton.click();
+
+                // test member can switch to monthly plan from yearly
+                await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="change-plan"]').click();
+
+                await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="switch-monthly"]').click();
+
+                // select the monthly plan
+                await choseTierByName(portalFrame, tierName);
+
+                // confirm the switch
+                await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="confirm-action"]').first().click();
+                // verify member has switched to monthly plan
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText(tierName)).toBeVisible();
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText('$5.00/month')).toBeVisible();
+
+                // test member can switch back to yearly
+                await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="change-plan"]').click();
+                await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="switch-yearly"]').click();
+                // select the monthly plan
+                await choseTierByName(portalFrame, tierName);
+                // confirm the switch
+                await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="confirm-action"]').first().click();
+                // verify member has switched to yearly plan, timeout added to allow for delays
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText(tierName)).toBeVisible();
+                await expect(portalFrame.getByText('$50.00/year')).toBeVisible();
             });
-
-            await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle');
-            await impersonateMember(page);
-
-            const portalTriggerButton = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-frame"]').locator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-button"]');
-            const portalFrame = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-popup-frame"]');
-            //await page.pause();
-
-            // open portal, go to plans and click continue to select the first plan(yearly)
-            await portalTriggerButton.click();
-            await portalFrame.getByRole('button', {name: 'Change'}).click();
-
-            // select the tier for checkout (yearly)
-            await choseTierByName(portalFrame, tierName);
-
-            // complete stripe checkout
-            await completeStripeSubscription(page);
-
-            // open portal and check that member has been upgraded to paid tier
-            await portalTriggerButton.click();
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText('$50.00/year')).toBeVisible();
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByRole('heading', {name: 'Billing info'})).toBeVisible();
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText('**** **** **** 4242')).toBeVisible();
-
-            // check that member has been upgraded in admin and a tier exists for them
-            await page.goto(memberUrl);
-            await expect(page.locator('[data-test-tier]').first()).toBeVisible();
-        });
-    });
-
-    test.describe('Upgrade: Single Tier', () => {
-        let memberUrl;
-        const tierName = 'The Local Test';
-        const member = {
-            name: 'Testy McTest',
-            email: 'testy+upgradeportal@example.com',
-            note: 'Testy McTest is a test member'
-        };
-
-        test('allows free member upgrade to paid tier', async ({page}) => {
-            await page.goto('/ghost');
-
-            // create a new free member
-            await page.goto('/ghost');
-            await createMember(page, member);
-
-            //store the url of the member detail page
-            memberUrl = page.url();
-
-            // impersonate the member on frontend
-            await impersonateMember(page);
-
-            const portalTriggerButton = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-frame"]').locator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-button"]');
-            const portalFrame = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-popup-frame"]');
-
-            // open portal, go to plans and click continue to select the first plan(yearly)
-            await portalTriggerButton.click();
-            // verify the member we created is logged in
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText('testy+upgradeportal@example.com')).toBeVisible();
-            // view plans button only shows for free member
-            await portalFrame.getByRole('button', {name: 'View plans'}).click();
-
-            // select the tier for checkout (yearly)
-            await choseTierByName(portalFrame, tierName);
-
-            // complete stripe checkout
-            await completeStripeSubscription(page);
-
-            // open portal and check that member has been upgraded to paid tier
-            await portalTriggerButton.click();
-            // verify member's tier, price and card details
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText(tierName)).toBeVisible();
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText('$50.00/year')).toBeVisible();
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText('**** **** **** 4242')).toBeVisible();
-
-            // verify member's tier on member detail page in admin
-            await page.goto(memberUrl);
-            const tierCard = await page.locator('[data-test-tier]').first();
-            const tierText = await tierCard.locator('[data-test-text="tier-name"]');
-            await expect(tierCard).toBeVisible();
-            await expect(tierText, 'Where is tier text').toHaveText(new RegExp(tierName));
-        });
-
-        test('allows member to switch plans', async ({page}) => {
-            // go to member detail page in admin
-            await page.goto(memberUrl);
-
-            // impersonate the member on frontend
-            await impersonateMember(page);
-
-            const portalTriggerButton = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-frame"]').locator('[data-testid="portal-trigger-button"]');
-            const portalFrame = page.frameLocator('[data-testid="portal-popup-frame"]');
-
-            // open portal
-            await portalTriggerButton.click();
-
-            // test member can switch to monthly plan from yearly
-            await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="change-plan"]').click();
-
-            await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="switch-monthly"]').click();
-
-            // select the monthly plan
-            await choseTierByName(portalFrame, tierName);
-
-            // confirm the switch
-            await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="confirm-action"]').first().click();
-            // verify member has switched to monthly plan
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText(tierName)).toBeVisible();
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText('$5.00/month')).toBeVisible();
-
-            // test member can switch back to yearly
-            await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="change-plan"]').click();
-            await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="switch-yearly"]').click();
-            // select the monthly plan
-            await choseTierByName(portalFrame, tierName);
-            // confirm the switch
-            await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-button="confirm-action"]').first().click();
-            // verify member has switched to yearly plan, timeout added to allow for delays
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText(tierName)).toBeVisible();
-            await expect(portalFrame.getByText('$50.00/year')).toBeVisible();
         });
     });
 });
 
-async function choseTierByName(portalFrame, tierName) {
-    const portalTierCard = await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-tier="paid"]').filter({hasText: tierName}).first();
+async function choseTierByName(portalFrame, tier) {
+    const portalTierCard = await portalFrame.locator('[data-test-tier="paid"]').filter({hasText: tier}).first();
     await portalTierCard.locator('[data-test-button="select-tier"]').click();
 }
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/e2e-browser-utils.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/e2e-browser-utils.js
index 02a1e6af1b..476fdbf60e 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/e2e-browser-utils.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/e2e-browser-utils.js
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 const DataGenerator = require('../../utils/fixtures/data-generator');
 const {expect, test} = require('@playwright/test');
 const ObjectID = require('bson-objectid').default;
-const {promisify} = require('util');
-const {exec} = require('child_process');
+const Stripe = require('stripe').Stripe;
 
 /**
  * Tier
@@ -43,11 +42,6 @@ const setupGhost = async (page) => {
     // Add owner user data from usual fixture
     const ownerUser = DataGenerator.Content.users.find(user => user.id === '1');
 
-    if (process.env.CI && process.env.TEST_URL) {
-        ownerUser.email = process.env.TEST_OWNER_EMAIL;
-        ownerUser.password = process.env.TEST_OWNER_PASSWORD;
-    }
-
     if (action === actions.signin) {
         // Fill email + password
         await page.locator('#identification').fill(ownerUser.email);
@@ -214,7 +208,7 @@ const impersonateMember = async (page) => {
  */
 const createTier = async (page, {name, monthlyPrice, yearlyPrice, trialDays}, enableInPortal = true) => {
     await test.step('Create a tier', async () => {
-    // Navigate to the member settings
+        // Navigate to the member settings
         await page.locator('[data-test-nav="settings"]').click();
 
         // Tiers request can take time, so waiting until there is no connections before interacting with them
@@ -469,29 +463,48 @@ const openTierModal = async (page, {slug}) => {
     });
 };
 
-const generateStripeIntegrationToken = async () => {
-    const inquirer = require('inquirer');
-    const {knex} = require('../../../core/server/data/db');
+const getStripeAccountId = async () => {
+    if (!('STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY' in process.env) || !('STRIPE_SECRET_KEY' in process.env)) {
+        throw new Error('Missing STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY or STRIPE_SECRET_KEY environment variables');
+    }
 
-    const stripeDatabaseKeys = {
-        publishableKey: 'stripe_connect_publishable_key',
-        secretKey: 'stripe_connect_secret_key',
-        liveMode: 'stripe_connect_livemode'
-    };
-    const publishableKey = process.env.STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY ?? (await knex('settings').select('value').where('key', stripeDatabaseKeys.publishableKey).first())?.value
-        ?? (await inquirer.prompt([{
-            message: 'Stripe publishable key (starts "pk_test_")',
-            type: 'password',
-            name: 'value'
-        }])).value;
-    const secretKey = process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY ?? (await knex('settings').select('value').where('key', stripeDatabaseKeys.secretKey).first())?.value
-        ?? (await inquirer.prompt([{
-            message: 'Stripe secret key (starts "sk_test_")',
-            type: 'password',
-            name: 'value'
-        }])).value;
+    const parallelIndex = process.env.TEST_PARALLEL_INDEX;
+    let accountId;
+    const accountEmail = `test${parallelIndex}@example.com`;
 
-    const accountId = process.env.STRIPE_ACCOUNT_ID ?? JSON.parse((await promisify(exec)('stripe get account')).stdout).id;
+    const secretKey = process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY;
+    const stripe = new Stripe(secretKey, {
+        apiVersion: '2020-08-27'
+    });
+    const accounts = await stripe.accounts.list();
+    if (accounts.data.length > 0) {
+        const account = accounts.data.find(acc => acc.email === accountEmail);
+        if (account) {
+            await stripe.accounts.del(account.id);
+        }
+    }
+    if (!accountId) {
+        const account = await stripe.accounts.create({
+            type: 'standard',
+            email: accountEmail,
+            business_type: 'company',
+            company: {
+                name: `Test Company ${parallelIndex}`
+            }
+        });
+        accountId = account.id;
+    }
+
+    return accountId;
+};
+
+const generateStripeIntegrationToken = async (accountId) => {
+    if (!('STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY' in process.env) || !('STRIPE_SECRET_KEY' in process.env)) {
+        throw new Error('Missing STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY or STRIPE_SECRET_KEY environment variables');
+    }
+
+    const publishableKey = process.env.STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY;
+    const secretKey = process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY;
 
     return Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({
         a: secretKey,
@@ -506,6 +519,7 @@ module.exports = {
     setupStripe,
     disconnectStripe,
     enableLabs,
+    getStripeAccountId,
     generateStripeIntegrationToken,
     setupMailgun,
     deleteAllMembers,
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/global-setup.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/global-setup.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cff970fc3..0000000000
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/global-setup.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-const config = require('../../../core/shared/config');
-const {promisify} = require('util');
-const {spawn, exec} = require('child_process');
-const {knex} = require('../../../core/server/data/db');
-const {setupGhost, setupStripe, setupMailgun, enableLabs} = require('./e2e-browser-utils');
-const {chromium} = require('@playwright/test');
-const {startGhost} = require('../../utils/e2e-framework');
-const {stopGhost} = require('../../utils/e2e-utils');
-const MailgunClient = require('@tryghost/mailgun-client');
-const sinon = require('sinon');
-const ObjectID = require('bson-objectid').default;
-const {allowStripe} = require('../../utils/e2e-framework-mock-manager');
-
-const startWebhookServer = () => {
-    const command = `stripe listen --forward-to ${config.getSiteUrl()}members/webhooks/stripe/ ${process.env.CI ? `--api-key ${process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY}` : ''}`.trim();
-    spawn(command.split(' ')[0], command.split(' ').slice(1));
-};
-
-const getWebhookSecret = async () => {
-    const command = `stripe listen --print-secret ${process.env.CI ? `--api-key ${process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY}` : ''}`.trim();
-    const webhookSecret = (await promisify(exec)(command)).stdout;
-    return webhookSecret.toString().trim();
-};
-
-const generateStripeIntegrationToken = async () => {
-    const inquirer = require('inquirer');
-    const stripeDatabaseKeys = {
-        publishableKey: 'stripe_connect_publishable_key',
-        secretKey: 'stripe_connect_secret_key',
-        liveMode: 'stripe_connect_livemode'
-    };
-    const publishableKey = process.env.STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY ?? (await knex('settings').select('value').where('key', stripeDatabaseKeys.publishableKey).first())?.value
-        ?? (await inquirer.prompt([{
-            message: 'Stripe publishable key (starts "pk_test_")',
-            type: 'password',
-            name: 'value'
-        }])).value;
-    const secretKey = process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY ?? (await knex('settings').select('value').where('key', stripeDatabaseKeys.secretKey).first())?.value
-        ?? (await inquirer.prompt([{
-            message: 'Stripe secret key (starts "sk_test_")',
-            type: 'password',
-            name: 'value'
-        }])).value;
-
-    const accountId = process.env.STRIPE_ACCOUNT_ID ?? JSON.parse((await promisify(exec)('stripe get account')).stdout).id;
-
-    return Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({
-        a: secretKey,
-        p: publishableKey,
-        l: false,
-        i: accountId
-    })).toString('base64');
-};
-
-const stubMailgun = () => {
-    // We need to stub the Mailgun client before starting Ghost
-    sinon.stub(MailgunClient.prototype, 'getInstance').returns({
-        // @ts-ignore
-        messages: {
-            create: async function () {
-                return {
-                    id: `mailgun-mock-id-${ObjectID().toHexString()}`
-                };
-            }
-        }
-    });
-};
-
-/**
- * Setup the environment
- */
-const setup = async (playwrightConfig) => {
-    const usingRemoteServer = process.env.CI && process.env.TEST_URL;
-
-    let stripeConnectIntegrationToken;
-    if (!usingRemoteServer) {
-        startWebhookServer();
-        stripeConnectIntegrationToken = await generateStripeIntegrationToken();
-
-        process.env.WEBHOOK_SECRET = await getWebhookSecret();
-
-        // Stub out NodeMailer
-        stubMailgun();
-
-        await startGhost({
-            frontend: true,
-            server: true,
-            backend: true
-        });
-
-        // StartGhost automatically disables network, so we need to re-enable it for Stripe
-        allowStripe();
-    }
-
-    const {baseURL, storageState} = playwrightConfig.projects[0].use;
-    const browser = await chromium.launch();
-    const page = await browser.newPage({
-        baseURL
-    });
-    await setupGhost(page);
-    if (!usingRemoteServer) {
-        await setupStripe(page, stripeConnectIntegrationToken);
-        await setupMailgun(page);
-    }
-    await enableLabs(page);
-    await page.context().storageState({path: storageState});
-    await browser.close();
-
-    if (!usingRemoteServer) {
-        await stopGhost();
-    }
-};
-
-module.exports = setup;
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/global-teardown.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/global-teardown.js
deleted file mode 100644
index e5998d610b..0000000000
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/global-teardown.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Teardown the environment
- */
-const teardown = async () => {
-    // @NOTE: local environment should probably drop the db state here
-};
-
-module.exports = teardown;
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/index.js b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/index.js
index 31574a8b31..937f9f6e53 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/index.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/e2e-browser/utils/index.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 module.exports = {
     ...require('./e2e-browser-utils'),
-    ...require('./helpers'),
-    globalSetup: require('./global-setup')
+    ...require('./helpers')
 };