Ghost/ghost/email-service/lib/email-renderer.js
Simon Backx e879406659
Added outbound link tagging setting (#16146)
fixes https://github.com/TryGhost/Team/issues/2432
    
Adds outbound_link_tagging setting (enabled by default and behind
feature flag). If the feature flag is enabled, and the setting is
disabled, we won't add ?ref to links in emails.
    
This includes new E2E tests for email click tracking, which were also
extended to check outbound link tagging (for both MEGA and the new email
stability flow).

Also fixes a test fixture for the comments_enabled setting.
2023-01-20 13:41:36 +01:00

676 lines
24 KiB
JavaScript
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

/* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
const logging = require('@tryghost/logging');
const fs = require('fs').promises;
const path = require('path');
const {isUnsplashImage, isLocalContentImage} = require('@tryghost/kg-default-cards/lib/utils');
const {Color, textColorForBackgroundColor, darkenToContrastThreshold} = require('@tryghost/color-utils');
const {DateTime} = require('luxon');
const htmlToPlaintext = require('@tryghost/html-to-plaintext');
/**
* @typedef {string|null} Segment
* @typedef {object} Post
* @typedef {object} Newsletter
*/
/**
* @typedef {object} MemberLike
* @prop {string} id
* @prop {string} uuid
* @prop {string} email
* @prop {string} name
*/
/**
* @typedef {object} ReplacementDefinition
* @prop {string} id
* @prop {RegExp} token
* @prop {(member: MemberLike) => string} getValue
*/
/**
* @typedef {object} EmailRenderOptions
* @prop {boolean} clickTrackingEnabled
*/
/**
* @typedef {object} EmailBody
* @prop {string} html
* @prop {string} plaintext
* @prop {ReplacementDefinition[]} replacements
*/
class EmailRenderer {
#settingsCache;
#settingsHelpers;
#renderers;
#imageSize;
#urlUtils;
#getPostUrl;
#storageUtils;
#handlebars;
#renderTemplate;
#linkReplacer;
#linkTracking;
#memberAttributionService;
#audienceFeedbackService;
/**
* @param {object} dependencies
* @param {object} dependencies.settingsCache
* @param {{getNoReplyAddress(): string, getMembersSupportAddress(): string}} dependencies.settingsHelpers
* @param {object} dependencies.renderers
* @param {{render(object, options): string}} dependencies.renderers.lexical
* @param {{render(object, options): string}} dependencies.renderers.mobiledoc
* @param {{getImageSizeFromUrl(url: string): Promise<{width: number}>}} dependencies.imageSize
* @param {{urlFor(type: string, optionsOrAbsolute, absolute): string, isSiteUrl(url, context): boolean}} dependencies.urlUtils
* @param {{isLocalImage(url: string): boolean}} dependencies.storageUtils
* @param {(post: Post) => string} dependencies.getPostUrl
* @param {object} dependencies.linkReplacer
* @param {object} dependencies.linkTracking
* @param {object} dependencies.memberAttributionService
* @param {object} dependencies.audienceFeedbackService
*/
constructor({
settingsCache,
settingsHelpers,
renderers,
imageSize,
urlUtils,
storageUtils,
getPostUrl,
linkReplacer,
linkTracking,
memberAttributionService,
audienceFeedbackService
}) {
this.#settingsCache = settingsCache;
this.#settingsHelpers = settingsHelpers;
this.#renderers = renderers;
this.#imageSize = imageSize;
this.#urlUtils = urlUtils;
this.#storageUtils = storageUtils;
this.#getPostUrl = getPostUrl;
this.#linkReplacer = linkReplacer;
this.#linkTracking = linkTracking;
this.#memberAttributionService = memberAttributionService;
this.#audienceFeedbackService = audienceFeedbackService;
}
getSubject(post) {
return post.related('posts_meta')?.get('email_subject') || post.get('title');
}
getFromAddress(_post, newsletter) {
let senderName = this.#settingsCache.get('title') ? this.#settingsCache.get('title').replace(/"/g, '\\"') : '';
if (newsletter.get('sender_name')) {
senderName = newsletter.get('sender_name');
}
let fromAddress = this.#settingsHelpers.getNoReplyAddress();
if (newsletter.get('sender_email')) {
fromAddress = newsletter.get('sender_email');
}
// For local development, rewrite the fromAddress to a proper domain
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (/@localhost$/.test(fromAddress) || /@ghost.local$/.test(fromAddress)) {
const localAddress = 'localhost@example.com';
logging.warn(`Rewriting bulk email from address ${fromAddress} to ${localAddress}`);
fromAddress = localAddress;
}
}
return senderName ? `"${senderName}" <${fromAddress}>` : fromAddress;
}
/**
* @param {Post} post
* @param {Newsletter} newsletter
* @returns {string|null}
*/
getReplyToAddress(post, newsletter) {
if (newsletter.get('sender_reply_to') === 'support') {
return this.#settingsHelpers.getMembersSupportAddress();
}
return this.getFromAddress(post, newsletter);
}
/**
Not sure about this, but we need a method that can tell us which member segments are needed for a given post/email.
@param {Post} post
@returns {Segment[]}
*/
getSegments(post) {
const allowedSegments = ['status:free', 'status:-free'];
const html = this.renderPostBaseHtml(post);
const cheerio = require('cheerio');
const $ = cheerio.load(html);
let allSegments = $('[data-gh-segment]')
.get()
.map(el => el.attribs['data-gh-segment']);
/**
* Always add free and paid segments if email has paywall card
*/
if (html.indexOf('<!--members-only-->') !== -1) {
allSegments = allSegments.concat(['status:free', 'status:-free']);
}
const segments = [...new Set(allSegments)].filter(segment => allowedSegments.includes(segment));
if (segments.length === 0) {
// One segment to all members
return [null];
}
return segments;
}
renderPostBaseHtml(post) {
let html;
if (post.get('lexical')) {
html = this.#renderers.lexical.render(
post.get('lexical'), {target: 'email', postUrl: post.url}
);
} else {
html = this.#renderers.mobiledoc.render(
JSON.parse(post.get('mobiledoc')), {target: 'email', postUrl: post.url}
);
}
return html;
}
/**
*
* @param {Post} post
* @param {Newsletter} newsletter
* @param {Segment} segment
* @param {EmailRenderOptions} options
* @returns {Promise<EmailBody>}
*/
async renderBody(post, newsletter, segment, options) {
let html = this.renderPostBaseHtml(post);
// We don't allow the usage of the %%{uuid}%% replacement in the email body (only in links and special cases)
// So we need to filter them before we introduce the real %%{uuid}%%
html = html.replace(/%%{uuid}%%/g, '{uuid}');
// Paywall and members only content handling
const isPaidPost = post.get('visibility') === 'paid' || post.get('visibility') === 'tiers';
const membersOnlyIndex = html.indexOf('<!--members-only-->');
const hasMembersOnlyContent = membersOnlyIndex !== -1;
let addPaywall = false;
if (isPaidPost && hasMembersOnlyContent) {
if (segment === 'status:free') {
// Add paywall
addPaywall = true;
// Remove the members-only content
html = html.slice(0, membersOnlyIndex);
}
}
const templateData = await this.getTemplateData({
post,
newsletter,
html,
addPaywall
});
html = await this.renderTemplate(templateData);
// Link tracking
if (options.clickTrackingEnabled) {
html = await this.#linkReplacer.replace(html, async (url) => {
// We ignore all links that contain %%{uuid}%%
// because otherwise we would add tracking to links that need to be replaced first
if (url.toString().indexOf('%%{uuid}%%') !== -1) {
return url.toString();
}
// Add newsletter source attribution
const isSite = this.#urlUtils.isSiteUrl(url);
if (isSite) {
// Add newsletter name as ref to the URL
url = this.#memberAttributionService.addOutboundLinkTagging(url, newsletter);
// Only add post attribution to our own site (because external sites could/should not process this information)
url = this.#memberAttributionService.addPostAttributionTracking(url, post);
} else {
// Add email source attribution without the newsletter name
url = this.#memberAttributionService.addOutboundLinkTagging(url);
}
// Add link click tracking
url = await this.#linkTracking.service.addTrackingToUrl(url, post, '--uuid--');
// We need to convert to a string at this point, because we need invalid string characters in the URL
const str = url.toString().replace(/--uuid--/g, '%%{uuid}%%');
return str;
});
}
// Juice HTML (inline CSS)
const juice = require('juice');
html = juice(html, {inlinePseudoElements: true});
// happens after inlining of CSS so we can change element types without worrying about styling
const cheerio = require('cheerio');
const $ = cheerio.load(html);
// force all links to open in new tab
$('a').attr('target', '_blank');
// convert figure and figcaption to div so that Outlook applies margins
$('figure, figcaption').each((i, elem) => !!(elem.tagName = 'div'));
// Remove/hide parts of the email based on segment data attributes
$('[data-gh-segment]').get().forEach((node) => {
// TODO: replace with NQL interpretation
if (node.attribs['data-gh-segment'] !== segment) {
$(node).remove();
} else {
// Getting rid of the attribute for a cleaner html output
$(node).removeAttr('data-gh-segment');
}
});
// Convert DOM back to HTML
html = $.html(); // () Fix for vscode syntax highlighter
// Replacement strings
const replacementDefinitions = this.buildReplacementDefinitions({html, newsletter});
// TODO: normalizeReplacementStrings (replace unsupported replacement strings)
// Convert HTML to plaintext
const plaintext = htmlToPlaintext.email(html);
// Fix any unsupported chars in Outlook
html = html.replace(/&apos;/g, '&#39;');
html = html.replace(/→/g, '&rarr;');
html = html.replace(//g, '&ndash;');
html = html.replace(/“/g, '&ldquo;');
html = html.replace(/”/g, '&rdquo;');
return {
html,
plaintext,
replacements: replacementDefinitions
};
}
/**
* @private
* createUnsubscribeUrl
*
* Takes a member and newsletter uuid. Returns the url that should be used to unsubscribe
* In case of no member uuid, generates the preview unsubscribe url - `?preview=1`
*
* @param {string} [uuid] post uuid
* @param {Object} [options]
* @param {string} [options.newsletterUuid] newsletter uuid
* @param {boolean} [options.comments] Unsubscribe from comment emails
*/
createUnsubscribeUrl(uuid, options = {}) {
const siteUrl = this.#urlUtils.urlFor('home', true);
const unsubscribeUrl = new URL(siteUrl);
unsubscribeUrl.pathname = `${unsubscribeUrl.pathname}/unsubscribe/`.replace('//', '/');
if (uuid) {
unsubscribeUrl.searchParams.set('uuid', uuid);
} else {
unsubscribeUrl.searchParams.set('preview', '1');
}
if (options.newsletterUuid) {
unsubscribeUrl.searchParams.set('newsletter', options.newsletterUuid);
}
if (options.comments) {
unsubscribeUrl.searchParams.set('comments', '1');
}
return unsubscribeUrl.href;
}
/**
* @private
* Note that we only look in HTML because plaintext and HTML are essentially the same content
* @returns {ReplacementDefinition[]}
*/
buildReplacementDefinitions({html, newsletter}) {
const baseDefinitions = [
{
id: 'unsubscribe_url',
getValue: (member) => {
return this.createUnsubscribeUrl(member.uuid, {newsletterUuid: newsletter.get('uuid')});
}
},
{
id: 'uuid',
getValue: (member) => {
return member.uuid;
}
},
{
id: 'first_name',
getValue: (member) => {
return member.name?.split(' ')[0];
}
}
];
// Now loop through all the definenitions to see which ones are actually used + to add fallbacks if needed
const EMAIL_REPLACEMENT_REGEX = /%%\{(.*?)\}%%/g;
const REPLACEMENT_STRING_REGEX = /^(?<recipientProperty>\w+?)(?:,? *(?:"|&quot;)(?<fallback>.*?)(?:"|&quot;))?$/;
function escapeRegExp(string) {
return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&');
}
// Stores the definitions that we are actually going to use
const replacements = [];
let result;
while ((result = EMAIL_REPLACEMENT_REGEX.exec(html)) !== null) {
const [replacementMatch, replacementStr] = result;
// Did we already found this match and added it to the replacements array?
if (replacements.find(r => r.id === replacementStr)) {
continue;
}
const match = replacementStr.match(REPLACEMENT_STRING_REGEX);
if (match) {
const {recipientProperty, fallback} = match.groups;
const definition = baseDefinitions.find(d => d.id === recipientProperty);
if (definition) {
replacements.push({
id: replacementStr,
originalId: recipientProperty,
token: new RegExp(escapeRegExp(replacementMatch), 'g'),
getValue: fallback ? (member => definition.getValue(member) || fallback) : definition.getValue
});
}
}
}
// Now loop any replacements with possible invalid characters and replace them with a clean id
let counter = 1;
for (const replacement of replacements) {
if (replacement.id.match(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/)) {
counter += 1;
replacement.id = replacement.originalId + '_' + counter;
}
delete replacement.originalId;
}
return replacements;
}
async renderTemplate(data) {
if (this.#renderTemplate) {
return this.#renderTemplate(data);
}
this.#handlebars = require('handlebars');
// Helpers
this.#handlebars.registerHelper('if', function (conditional, options) {
if (conditional) {
return options.fn(this);
} else {
return options.inverse(this);
}
});
this.#handlebars.registerHelper('and', function () {
const len = arguments.length - 1;
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (!arguments[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
});
this.#handlebars.registerHelper('not', function () {
const len = arguments.length - 1;
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (!arguments[i]) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
});
this.#handlebars.registerHelper('or', function () {
const len = arguments.length - 1;
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (arguments[i]) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
});
// Partials
const cssPartialSource = await fs.readFile(path.join(__dirname, './email-templates/partials/', `styles.hbs`), 'utf8');
this.#handlebars.registerPartial('styles', cssPartialSource);
const paywallPartial = await fs.readFile(path.join(__dirname, './email-templates/partials/', `paywall.hbs`), 'utf8');
this.#handlebars.registerPartial('paywall', paywallPartial);
const feedbackButtonPartial = await fs.readFile(path.join(__dirname, './email-templates/partials/', `feedback-button.hbs`), 'utf8');
this.#handlebars.registerPartial('feedbackButton', feedbackButtonPartial);
// Actual template
const htmlTemplateSource = await fs.readFile(path.join(__dirname, './email-templates/', `template.hbs`), 'utf8');
this.#renderTemplate = this.#handlebars.compile(Buffer.from(htmlTemplateSource).toString());
return this.#renderTemplate(data);
}
/**
* Get email preheader text from post model
* @param {object} postModel
* @returns
*/
#getEmailPreheader(postModel) {
let plaintext = postModel.get('plaintext');
let customExcerpt = postModel.get('custom_excerpt');
if (customExcerpt) {
return customExcerpt;
} else {
if (plaintext) {
return plaintext.substring(0, 500);
} else {
return `${postModel.get('title')} `;
}
}
}
/**
* @private
*/
async getTemplateData({post, newsletter, html, addPaywall}) {
let accentColor = this.#settingsCache.get('accent_color') || '#15212A';
let adjustedAccentColor;
let adjustedAccentContrastColor;
try {
adjustedAccentColor = accentColor && darkenToContrastThreshold(accentColor, '#ffffff', 2).hex();
adjustedAccentContrastColor = accentColor && textColorForBackgroundColor(adjustedAccentColor).hex();
} catch (e) {
logging.error(e);
accentColor = '#15212A';
}
const {href: headerImage, width: headerImageWidth} = await this.limitImageWidth(newsletter.get('header_image'));
const {href: postFeatureImage, width: postFeatureImageWidth} = await this.limitImageWidth(post.get('feature_image'));
const timezone = this.#settingsCache.get('timezone');
const publishedAt = (post.get('published_at') ? DateTime.fromJSDate(post.get('published_at')) : DateTime.local()).setZone(timezone).setLocale('en-gb').toLocaleString({
year: 'numeric',
month: 'short',
day: 'numeric'
});
let authors;
const postAuthors = await post.getLazyRelation('authors');
if (postAuthors?.models) {
if (postAuthors.models.length <= 2) {
authors = postAuthors.models.map(author => author.get('name')).join(' & ');
} else {
authors = `${postAuthors.models[0].get('name')} & ${postAuthors.models.length - 1} others`;
}
}
const postUrl = this.#getPostUrl(post);
// Signup URL is the post url with a hash added to it
const signupUrl = new URL(postUrl);
signupUrl.hash = `/portal/signup`;
// Audience feedback
const positiveLink = this.#audienceFeedbackService.buildLink(
'--uuid--',
post.id,
1
).href.replace('--uuid--', '%%{uuid}%%');
const negativeLink = this.#audienceFeedbackService.buildLink(
'--uuid--',
post.id,
0
).href.replace('--uuid--', '%%{uuid}%%');
const data = {
site: {
title: this.#settingsCache.get('title'),
url: this.#urlUtils.urlFor('home', true),
iconUrl: this.#settingsCache.get('icon') ?
this.#urlUtils.urlFor('image', {
image: this.#settingsCache.get('icon')
}, true) : null
},
preheader: this.#getEmailPreheader(post),
html,
post: {
title: post.get('title'),
url: postUrl,
authors,
publishedAt,
feature_image: postFeatureImage,
feature_image_width: postFeatureImageWidth,
feature_image_alt: post.related('posts_meta')?.get('feature_image_alt'),
feature_image_caption: post.related('posts_meta')?.get('feature_image_caption')
},
newsletter: {
name: newsletter.get('name')
},
//CSS
accentColor: accentColor, // default to #15212A
adjustedAccentColor: adjustedAccentColor || '#3498db', // default to #3498db
adjustedAccentContrastColor: adjustedAccentContrastColor || '#ffffff', // default to #ffffff
showBadge: newsletter.get('show_badge'),
headerImage,
headerImageWidth,
showHeaderIcon: newsletter.get('show_header_icon') && this.#settingsCache.get('icon'),
showHeaderTitle: newsletter.get('show_header_title'),
showHeaderName: newsletter.get('show_header_name'),
showFeatureImage: newsletter.get('show_feature_image') && !!postFeatureImage,
footerContent: newsletter.get('footer_content'),
classes: {
title: 'post-title' + (newsletter.get('title_font_category') === 'serif' ? ` post-title-serif` : ``) + (newsletter.get('title_alignment') === 'left' ? ` post-title-left` : ``),
titleLink: 'post-title-link' + (newsletter.get('title_alignment') === 'left' ? ` post-title-link-left` : ``),
meta: 'post-meta' + (newsletter.get('title_alignment') === 'left' ? ` post-meta-left` : ``),
body: newsletter.get('body_font_category') === 'sans_serif' ? `post-content-sans-serif` : `post-content`
},
// Audience feedback
feedbackButtons: newsletter.get('feedback_enabled') ? {
likeHref: positiveLink,
dislikeHref: negativeLink
} : null,
// Paywall
paywall: addPaywall ? {
signupUrl: signupUrl.href
} : null,
year: new Date().getFullYear().toString()
};
return data;
}
/**
* @private
* Sets and limits the width of an image + returns the width
* @returns {Promise<{href: string, width: number}>}
*/
async limitImageWidth(href) {
if (!href) {
return {
href,
width: 0
};
}
if (isUnsplashImage(href)) {
// Unsplash images have a minimum size so assuming 1200px is safe
const unsplashUrl = new URL(href);
unsplashUrl.searchParams.set('w', '1200');
return {
href: unsplashUrl.href,
width: 600
};
} else {
try {
const size = await this.#imageSize.getImageSizeFromUrl(href);
if (size.width >= 600) {
// keep original image, just set a fixed width
size.width = 600;
}
if (this.#storageUtils.isLocalImage(href)) {
// we can safely request a 1200px image - Ghost will serve the original if it's smaller
return {
href: href.replace(/\/content\/images\//, '/content/images/size/w1200/'),
width: size.width
};
}
return {
href,
width: size.width
};
} catch (err) {
// log and proceed. Using original header image without fixed width isn't fatal.
logging.error(err);
}
}
return {
href,
width: 0
};
}
}
module.exports = EmailRenderer;