2014-06-05 18:48:49 +04:00
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
language: swift
|
2014-06-06 00:45:41 +04:00
|
|
|
|
filename: learnswift-cn.swift
|
2014-06-05 18:48:49 +04:00
|
|
|
|
contributors:
|
|
|
|
|
- ["Grant Timmerman", "http://github.com/grant"]
|
|
|
|
|
translators:
|
|
|
|
|
- ["Xavier Yao", "http://github.com/xavieryao"]
|
2014-06-06 00:45:41 +04:00
|
|
|
|
lang: zh-cn
|
2014-06-05 18:48:49 +04:00
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Swift 是Apple 开发的用于iOS 和OS X 开发的编程语言。Swift 于2014年Apple WWDC (全球开发者大会)中被引入,用以与Objective-C 共存,同时对错误代码更具弹性。Swift 由Xcode 6 beta 中包含的LLVM编译器编译。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
参阅:Apple's [getting started guide](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/referencelibrary/GettingStarted/LandingPage/index.html) ——一个完整的Swift 教程
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
// 基础
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
println("Hello, world")
|
|
|
|
|
var myVariable = 42
|
|
|
|
|
let myConstant = 3.1415926
|
|
|
|
|
let explicitDouble: Double = 70
|
|
|
|
|
let label = "some text " + String(myVariable) // Casting
|
|
|
|
|
let piText = "Pi = \(myConstant)" // String interpolation
|
|
|
|
|
var optionalString: String? = "optional" // Can be nil
|
|
|
|
|
optionalString = nil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
// 数组与字典(关联数组)
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 数组
|
|
|
|
|
var shoppingList = ["catfish", "water", "lemons"]
|
|
|
|
|
shoppingList[1] = "bottle of water"
|
|
|
|
|
let emptyArray = String[]()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 字典
|
|
|
|
|
var occupations = [
|
|
|
|
|
"Malcolm": "Captain",
|
|
|
|
|
"kaylee": "Mechanic"
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
occupations["Jayne"] = "Public Relations"
|
|
|
|
|
let emptyDictionary = Dictionary<String, Float>()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
// 控制流
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 用于数组的for 循环
|
|
|
|
|
let myArray = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5]
|
|
|
|
|
for value in myArray {
|
|
|
|
|
if value == 1 {
|
|
|
|
|
println("One!")
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
println("Not one!")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 用于字典的for 循环
|
|
|
|
|
for (key, value) in dict {
|
|
|
|
|
println("\(key): \(value)")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 用于区间的for 循环
|
|
|
|
|
for i in -1...1 { // [-1, 0, 1]
|
|
|
|
|
println(i)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 使用 .. 表示的区间不包含最后一个元素 [-1,0,1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// while 循环
|
|
|
|
|
var i = 1
|
|
|
|
|
while i < 1000 {
|
|
|
|
|
i *= 2
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// do-while 循环
|
|
|
|
|
do {
|
|
|
|
|
println("hello")
|
|
|
|
|
} while 1 == 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Switch
|
|
|
|
|
let vegetable = "red pepper"
|
|
|
|
|
switch vegetable {
|
|
|
|
|
case "celery":
|
|
|
|
|
let vegetableComment = "Add some raisins and make ants on a log."
|
|
|
|
|
case "cucumber", "watercress":
|
|
|
|
|
let vegetableComment = "That would make a good tea sandwich."
|
|
|
|
|
case let x where x.hasSuffix("pepper"):
|
|
|
|
|
let vegetableComment = "Is it a spicy \(x)?"
|
|
|
|
|
default: // 必须 (为了覆盖所有可能的输入)
|
|
|
|
|
let vegetableComment = "Everything tastes good in soup."
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
// 函数
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 函数是一等类型,这意味着可以在函数中构建函数
|
|
|
|
|
// 并且可以被传递
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 函数
|
|
|
|
|
func greet(name: String, day: String) -> String {
|
|
|
|
|
return "Hello \(name), today is \(day)."
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
greet("Bob", "Tuesday")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 使用多元数组返回多返回值的函数
|
|
|
|
|
func getGasPrices() -> (Double, Double, Double) {
|
|
|
|
|
return (3.59, 3.69, 3.79)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 不定参数
|
|
|
|
|
func setup(numbers: Int...) {}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 传递、返回函数
|
|
|
|
|
func makeIncrementer() -> (Int -> Int) {
|
|
|
|
|
func addOne(number: Int) -> Int {
|
|
|
|
|
return 1 + number
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return addOne
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
var increment = makeIncrementer()
|
|
|
|
|
increment(7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
// 闭包
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 函数是特殊的闭包({})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 闭包示例.
|
|
|
|
|
// `->` 分隔参数和返回类型
|
|
|
|
|
// `in` 分隔闭包头和闭包体
|
|
|
|
|
numbers.map({
|
|
|
|
|
(number: Int) -> Int in
|
|
|
|
|
let result = 3 * number
|
|
|
|
|
return result
|
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 当类型已知时,可以这样做:
|
|
|
|
|
var numbers = [1, 2, 6]
|
|
|
|
|
numbers = numbers.map({ number in 3 * number })
|
|
|
|
|
print(numbers) // [3, 6, 18]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
// 类
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 类的全部方法和属性都是public 的
|
|
|
|
|
// 如果你在一个数据结构中只需储存数据,
|
|
|
|
|
// 应使用 `struct`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 集成自`Shape` 类的简单的类`Square
|
|
|
|
|
class Rect: Shape {
|
|
|
|
|
var sideLength: Int = 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Custom getter and setter property
|
|
|
|
|
var perimeter: Int {
|
|
|
|
|
get {
|
|
|
|
|
return 4 * sideLength
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
set {
|
|
|
|
|
sideLength = newValue / 4
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
init(sideLength: Int) {
|
|
|
|
|
super.init()
|
|
|
|
|
self.sideLength = sideLength
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
func shrink() {
|
|
|
|
|
if sideLength > 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
--sideLength
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
override func getArea() -> Int {
|
|
|
|
|
return sideLength * sideLength
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
var mySquare = new Square(sideLength: 5)
|
|
|
|
|
print(mySquare.getArea()) // 25
|
|
|
|
|
mySquare.shrink()
|
|
|
|
|
print(mySquare.sideLength) // 4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 如果你不需要自定义getter 和setter,
|
|
|
|
|
// 但仍希望在获取或设置一个属性之前或之后运行
|
|
|
|
|
// 一些代码,你可以使用`willSet` 和 `didSet`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
// 枚举类型
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 枚举类型可以是某种指定的类型,抑或自成一种类型
|
|
|
|
|
// 像类一样,枚举类型可以包含方法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
enum Suit {
|
|
|
|
|
case Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs
|
|
|
|
|
func getIcon() -> String {
|
|
|
|
|
switch self {
|
|
|
|
|
case .Spades: return "♤"
|
|
|
|
|
case .Hearts: return "♡"
|
|
|
|
|
case .Diamonds: return "♢"
|
|
|
|
|
case .Clubs: return "♧"
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
// 其它
|
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// `协议(protocol)`: 与Java 的接口(Interface) 类似.
|
|
|
|
|
// `扩展(extension)`: 为现有类型添加额外特性
|
|
|
|
|
// 泛型: 与Java 相似。使用`where` 关键字指定
|
|
|
|
|
// 泛型的要求.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-06-06 00:45:41 +04:00
|
|
|
|
```
|