mirror of
https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-docs.git
synced 2024-11-23 06:03:07 +03:00
fixed whitespaces, content extending beyond 80 chars
This commit is contained in:
Divay Prakash
parent
2f3597efc4
commit
01bf2b1ec6
@ -24,9 +24,12 @@ Version control is a system that records changes to a file(s), over time.
|
||||
|
||||
### Centralized Versioning VS Distributed Versioning
|
||||
|
||||
* Centralized version control focuses on synchronizing, tracking, and backing up files.
|
||||
* Distributed version control focuses on sharing changes. Every change has a unique id.
|
||||
* Distributed systems have no defined structure. You could easily have a SVN style, centralized system, with git.
|
||||
* Centralized version control focuses on synchronizing, tracking, and backing
|
||||
up files.
|
||||
* Distributed version control focuses on sharing changes. Every change has a
|
||||
unique id.
|
||||
* Distributed systems have no defined structure. You could easily have a SVN
|
||||
style, centralized system, with git.
|
||||
|
||||
[Additional Information](http://git-scm.com/book/en/Getting-Started-About-Version-Control)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -42,7 +45,6 @@ Version control is a system that records changes to a file(s), over time.
|
||||
|
||||
## Git Architecture
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Repository
|
||||
|
||||
A set of files, directories, historical records, commits, and heads. Imagine it
|
||||
@ -53,7 +55,8 @@ A git repository is comprised of the .git directory & working tree.
|
||||
|
||||
### .git Directory (component of repository)
|
||||
|
||||
The .git directory contains all the configurations, logs, branches, HEAD, and more.
|
||||
The .git directory contains all the configurations, logs, branches, HEAD, and
|
||||
more.
|
||||
[Detailed List.](http://gitready.com/advanced/2009/03/23/whats-inside-your-git-directory.html)
|
||||
|
||||
### Working Tree (component of repository)
|
||||
@ -63,16 +66,16 @@ referred to as your working directory.
|
||||
|
||||
### Index (component of .git dir)
|
||||
|
||||
The Index is the staging area in git. It's basically a layer that separates your working tree
|
||||
from the Git repository. This gives developers more power over what gets sent
|
||||
to the Git repository.
|
||||
The Index is the staging area in git. It's basically a layer that separates
|
||||
your working tree from the Git repository. This gives developers more power
|
||||
over what gets sent to the Git repository.
|
||||
|
||||
### Commit
|
||||
|
||||
A git commit is a snapshot of a set of changes, or manipulations to your Working
|
||||
Tree. For example, if you added 5 files, and removed 2 others, these changes
|
||||
will be contained in a commit (or snapshot). This commit can then be pushed to
|
||||
other repositories, or not!
|
||||
A git commit is a snapshot of a set of changes, or manipulations to your
|
||||
Working Tree. For example, if you added 5 files, and removed 2 others, these
|
||||
changes will be contained in a commit (or snapshot). This commit can then be
|
||||
pushed to other repositories, or not!
|
||||
|
||||
### Branch
|
||||
|
||||
@ -86,11 +89,14 @@ functionality to mark release points (v1.0, and so on)
|
||||
|
||||
### HEAD and head (component of .git dir)
|
||||
|
||||
HEAD is a pointer that points to the current branch. A repository only has 1 *active* HEAD.
|
||||
head is a pointer that points to any commit. A repository can have any number of heads.
|
||||
HEAD is a pointer that points to the current branch. A repository only has 1
|
||||
*active* HEAD.
|
||||
head is a pointer that points to any commit. A repository can have any number
|
||||
of heads.
|
||||
|
||||
### Stages of Git
|
||||
* Modified - Changes have been made to a file but file has not been committed to Git Database yet
|
||||
* Modified - Changes have been made to a file but file has not been committed
|
||||
to Git Database yet
|
||||
* Staged - Marks a modified file to go into your next commit snapshot
|
||||
* Committed - Files have been committed to the Git Database
|
||||
|
||||
@ -99,14 +105,12 @@ head is a pointer that points to any commit. A repository can have any number of
|
||||
* [Git For Computer Scientists](http://eagain.net/articles/git-for-computer-scientists/)
|
||||
* [Git For Designers](http://hoth.entp.com/output/git_for_designers.html)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Commands
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### init
|
||||
|
||||
Create an empty Git repository. The Git repository's settings, stored information,
|
||||
and more is stored in a directory (a folder) named ".git".
|
||||
Create an empty Git repository. The Git repository's settings, stored
|
||||
information, and more is stored in a directory (a folder) named ".git".
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ git init
|
||||
@ -117,7 +121,6 @@ $ git init
|
||||
To configure settings. Whether it be for the repository, the system itself,
|
||||
or global configurations ( global config file is `~/.gitconfig` ).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Print & Set Some Basic Config Variables (Global)
|
||||
$ git config --global user.email "MyEmail@Zoho.com"
|
||||
@ -158,13 +161,11 @@ $ echo "temp/" >> .gitignore
|
||||
$ echo "private_key" >> .gitignore
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### status
|
||||
|
||||
To show differences between the index file (basically your working copy/repo)
|
||||
and the current HEAD commit.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Will display the branch, untracked files, changes and other differences
|
||||
$ git status
|
||||
@ -175,8 +176,8 @@ $ git help status
|
||||
|
||||
### add
|
||||
|
||||
To add files to the staging area/index. If you do not `git add` new files to the
|
||||
staging area/index, they will not be included in commits!
|
||||
To add files to the staging area/index. If you do not `git add` new files to
|
||||
the staging area/index, they will not be included in commits!
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# add a file in your current working directory
|
||||
@ -194,7 +195,8 @@ working directory/repo.
|
||||
|
||||
### branch
|
||||
|
||||
Manage your branches. You can view, edit, create, delete branches using this command.
|
||||
Manage your branches. You can view, edit, create, delete branches using this
|
||||
command.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# list existing branches & remotes
|
||||
@ -221,54 +223,64 @@ Manage your tags
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# List tags
|
||||
$ git tag
|
||||
|
||||
# Create a annotated tag
|
||||
# The -m specifies a tagging message,which is stored with the tag.
|
||||
# If you don’t specify a message for an annotated tag,
|
||||
# Git launches your editor so you can type it in.
|
||||
$ git tag -a v2.0 -m 'my version 2.0'
|
||||
|
||||
# Show info about tag
|
||||
# That shows the tagger information, the date the commit was tagged,
|
||||
# and the annotation message before showing the commit information.
|
||||
$ git show v2.0
|
||||
|
||||
# Push a single tag to remote
|
||||
$ git push origin v2.0
|
||||
|
||||
# Push a lot of tags to remote
|
||||
$ git push origin --tags
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### checkout
|
||||
|
||||
Updates all files in the working tree to match the version in the index, or specified tree.
|
||||
Updates all files in the working tree to match the version in the index, or
|
||||
specified tree.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Checkout a repo - defaults to master branch
|
||||
$ git checkout
|
||||
|
||||
# Checkout a specified branch
|
||||
$ git checkout branchName
|
||||
|
||||
# Create a new branch & switch to it
|
||||
# equivalent to "git branch <name>; git checkout <name>"
|
||||
|
||||
$ git checkout -b newBranch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### clone
|
||||
|
||||
Clones, or copies, an existing repository into a new directory. It also adds
|
||||
remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repo, which allows you to push
|
||||
to a remote branch.
|
||||
remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repo, which allows you
|
||||
to push to a remote branch.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Clone learnxinyminutes-docs
|
||||
$ git clone https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-docs.git
|
||||
|
||||
# shallow clone - faster cloning that pulls only latest snapshot
|
||||
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-docs.git
|
||||
|
||||
# clone only a specific branch
|
||||
$ git clone -b master-cn https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-docs.git --single-branch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### commit
|
||||
|
||||
Stores the current contents of the index in a new "commit." This commit contains
|
||||
the changes made and a message created by the user.
|
||||
Stores the current contents of the index in a new "commit." This commit
|
||||
contains the changes made and a message created by the user.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# commit with a message
|
||||
@ -383,7 +395,8 @@ $ git pull origin master
|
||||
$ git pull
|
||||
|
||||
# Merge in changes from remote branch and rebase
|
||||
# branch commits onto your local repo, like: "git pull <remote> <branch>, git rebase <branch>"
|
||||
# branch commits onto your local repo, like: "git pull <remote> <branch>, git
|
||||
# rebase <branch>"
|
||||
$ git pull origin master --rebase
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
@ -409,8 +422,8 @@ $ git push
|
||||
|
||||
### stash
|
||||
|
||||
Stashing takes the dirty state of your working directory and saves it on a stack
|
||||
of unfinished changes that you can reapply at any time.
|
||||
Stashing takes the dirty state of your working directory and saves it on a
|
||||
stack of unfinished changes that you can reapply at any time.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's say you've been doing some work in your git repo, but you want to pull
|
||||
from the remote. Since you have dirty (uncommited) changes to some files, you
|
||||
@ -441,7 +454,8 @@ nothing to commit, working directory clean
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can see what "hunks" you've stashed so far using `git stash list`.
|
||||
Since the "hunks" are stored in a Last-In-First-Out stack, our most recent change will be at top.
|
||||
Since the "hunks" are stored in a Last-In-First-Out stack, our most recent
|
||||
change will be at top.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ git stash list
|
||||
@ -471,7 +485,8 @@ Now you're ready to get back to work on your stuff!
|
||||
|
||||
### rebase (caution)
|
||||
|
||||
Take all changes that were committed on one branch, and replay them onto another branch.
|
||||
Take all changes that were committed on one branch, and replay them onto
|
||||
another branch.
|
||||
*Do not rebase commits that you have pushed to a public repo*.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
@ -485,8 +500,8 @@ $ git rebase master experimentBranch
|
||||
### reset (caution)
|
||||
|
||||
Reset the current HEAD to the specified state. This allows you to undo merges,
|
||||
pulls, commits, adds, and more. It's a great command but also dangerous if you don't
|
||||
know what you are doing.
|
||||
pulls, commits, adds, and more. It's a great command but also dangerous if you
|
||||
don't know what you are doing.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Reset the staging area, to match the latest commit (leaves dir unchanged)
|
||||
@ -504,11 +519,12 @@ $ git reset 31f2bb1
|
||||
# after the specified commit).
|
||||
$ git reset --hard 31f2bb1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### revert
|
||||
|
||||
Revert can be used to undo a commit. It should not be confused with reset which restores
|
||||
the state of a project to a previous point. Revert will add a new commit which is the
|
||||
inverse of the specified commit, thus reverting it.
|
||||
Revert can be used to undo a commit. It should not be confused with reset which
|
||||
restores the state of a project to a previous point. Revert will add a new
|
||||
commit which is the inverse of the specified commit, thus reverting it.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Revert a specified commit
|
||||
@ -550,4 +566,3 @@ $ git rm /pather/to/the/file/HelloWorld.c
|
||||
* [Pro Git](http://www.git-scm.com/book/en/v2)
|
||||
|
||||
* [An introduction to Git and GitHub for Beginners (Tutorial)](http://product.hubspot.com/blog/git-and-github-tutorial-for-beginners)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user