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fix spaces at end-of-lines

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Kristin Linn 2015-10-20 17:06:41 -04:00
parent 622e03a141
commit 81c1b8334c
1 changed files with 20 additions and 21 deletions
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41
r.html.markdown
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@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ R is a statistical computing language. It has lots of libraries for uploading an
# You can't make multi-line comments,
# but you can stack multiple comments like so.
# in Windows or Mac, hit COMMAND-ENTER to execute a line
# in Windows you can use CTRL-ENTER to execute a line.
# on Mac it is COMMAND-ENTER
#############################################################################
# Stuff you can do without understanding anything about programming
@ -37,8 +36,8 @@ head(rivers) # peek at the data set
length(rivers) # how many rivers were measured?
# 141
summary(rivers) # what are some summary statistics?
# Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
# 135.0 310.0 425.0 591.2 680.0 3710.0
# Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
# 135.0 310.0 425.0 591.2 680.0 3710.0
# make a stem-and-leaf plot (a histogram-like data visualization)
stem(rivers)
@ -55,14 +54,14 @@ stem(rivers)
# 14 | 56
# 16 | 7
# 18 | 9
# 20 |
# 20 |
# 22 | 25
# 24 | 3
# 26 |
# 28 |
# 30 |
# 32 |
# 34 |
# 26 |
# 28 |
# 30 |
# 32 |
# 34 |
# 36 | 1
stem(log(rivers)) # Notice that the data are neither normal nor log-normal!
@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ stem(log(rivers)) # Notice that the data are neither normal nor log-normal!
# The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the left of the |
#
# 48 | 1
# 50 |
# 50 |
# 52 | 15578
# 54 | 44571222466689
# 56 | 023334677000124455789
@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ stem(log(rivers)) # Notice that the data are neither normal nor log-normal!
# 74 | 84
# 76 | 56
# 78 | 4
# 80 |
# 80 |
# 82 | 2
# make a histogram:
@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ sort(discoveries)
# [76] 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 10 12
stem(discoveries, scale=2)
#
#
# The decimal point is at the |
#
# 0 | 000000000
@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ max(discoveries)
# 12
summary(discoveries)
# Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
# 0.0 2.0 3.0 3.1 4.0 12.0
# 0.0 2.0 3.0 3.1 4.0 12.0
# Roll a die a few times
round(runif(7, min=.5, max=6.5))
@ -274,7 +273,7 @@ class(NULL) # NULL
parakeet = c("beak", "feathers", "wings", "eyes")
parakeet
# =>
# [1] "beak" "feathers" "wings" "eyes"
# [1] "beak" "feathers" "wings" "eyes"
parakeet <- NULL
parakeet
# =>
@ -291,7 +290,7 @@ as.numeric("Bilbo")
# =>
# [1] NA
# Warning message:
# NAs introduced by coercion
# NAs introduced by coercion
# Also note: those were just the basic data types
# There are many more data types, such as for dates, time series, etc.
@ -431,10 +430,10 @@ mat %*% t(mat)
mat2 <- cbind(1:4, c("dog", "cat", "bird", "dog"))
mat2
# =>
# [,1] [,2]
# [1,] "1" "dog"
# [2,] "2" "cat"
# [3,] "3" "bird"
# [,1] [,2]
# [1,] "1" "dog"
# [2,] "2" "cat"
# [3,] "3" "bird"
# [4,] "4" "dog"
class(mat2) # matrix
# Again, note what happened!