From 2ae89e20bc4c61052f122e572e42d48830d4d075 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 00:48:59 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] Add Python3 simplified Chinese version.

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 648 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 648 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc09de4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+---
+language: python3
+contributors:
+    - ["Louie Dinh", "http://pythonpracticeprojects.com"]
+    - ["Steven Basart", "http://github.com/xksteven"]
+    - ["Andre Polykanine", "https://github.com/Oire"]
+translators:
+    - ["Geoff Liu", "http://geoffliu.me"]
+filename: learnpython3.py
+---
+
+Python was created by Guido Van Rossum in the early 90's. It is now one of the most popular
+languages in existence. I fell in love with Python for its syntactic clarity. It's basically
+executable pseudocode.
+
+Feedback would be highly appreciated! You can reach me at [@louiedinh](http://twitter.com/louiedinh) or louiedinh [at] [google's email service]
+
+Note: This article applies to Python 3 specifically. Check out the other tutorial if you want to learn the old Python 2.7
+
+```python
+
+# 用井字符开头的是单行注释
+
+""" 多行字符串用三个引号
+    包裹，也常被用来做多
+    行注释
+"""
+
+####################################################
+## 1. 原始数据类型和运算符
+####################################################
+
+# 整数
+3  # => 3
+
+# 算术没有什么出乎意料的
+1 + 1  # => 2
+8 - 1  # => 7
+10 * 2  # => 20
+
+# 但是除法例外，会自动转换成浮点数
+35 / 5  # => 7.0
+5 / 3  # => 1.6666666666666667
+
+# Result of integer division truncated down both for positive and negative.
+5 // 3     # => 1
+5.0 // 3.0 # => 1.0 # works on floats too
+-5 // 3  # => -2
+-5.0 // 3.0 # => -2.0
+
+# 浮点数的运算结果也是浮点数
+3 * 2.0 # => 6.0
+
+# Modulo operation
+7 % 3 # => 1
+
+# x的y次方
+2**4 # => 16
+
+# 用括号决定优先级
+(1 + 3) * 2  # => 8
+
+# 布尔值
+True
+False
+
+# 用not取非
+not True  # => False
+not False  # => True
+
+# 逻辑运算符，注意and和or都是小写
+True and False #=> False
+False or True #=> True
+
+# 整数也可以是布尔值
+0 and 2 #=> 0
+-5 or 0 #=> -5
+0 == False #=> True
+2 == True #=> False
+1 == True #=> True
+
+# 用==判断相等
+1 == 1  # => True
+2 == 1  # => False
+
+# 用!=判断不等
+1 != 1  # => False
+2 != 1  # => True
+
+# 比较大小
+1 < 10  # => True
+1 > 10  # => False
+2 <= 2  # => True
+2 >= 2  # => True
+
+# 大小比较可以连起来！
+1 < 2 < 3  # => True
+2 < 3 < 2  # => False
+
+# 字符串用单引双引都可以
+"这是个字符串"
+'这也是个字符串'
+
+# 用加好连接字符串
+"Hello " + "world!"  # => "Hello world!"
+
+# A string can be treated like a list of characters
+"This is a string"[0]  # => 'T'
+
+# .format can be used to format strings, like this:
+"{} can be {}".format("strings", "interpolated")
+
+# You can repeat the formatting arguments to save some typing.
+"{0} be nimble, {0} be quick, {0} jump over the {1}".format("Jack", "candle stick")
+#=> "Jack be nimble, Jack be quick, Jack jump over the candle stick"
+
+# You can use keywords if you don't want to count.
+"{name} wants to eat {food}".format(name="Bob", food="lasagna") #=> "Bob wants to eat lasagna"
+
+# If your Python 3 code also needs to run on Python 2.5 and below, you can also
+# still use the old style of formatting:
+"%s can be %s the %s way" % ("strings", "interpolated", "old")
+
+
+# None is an object
+None  # => None
+
+# Don't use the equality "==" symbol to compare objects to None
+# Use "is" instead. This checks for equality of object identity.
+"etc" is None  # => False
+None is None  # => True
+
+# None, 0, and empty strings/lists/dicts all evaluate to False.
+# All other values are True
+bool(0)  # => False
+bool("")  # => False
+bool([]) #=> False
+bool({}) #=> False
+
+
+####################################################
+## 2. Variables and Collections
+####################################################
+
+# Python has a print function
+print("I'm Python. Nice to meet you!")
+
+# No need to declare variables before assigning to them.
+# Convention is to use lower_case_with_underscores
+some_var = 5
+some_var  # => 5
+
+# Accessing a previously unassigned variable is an exception.
+# See Control Flow to learn more about exception handling.
+some_unknown_var  # Raises a NameError
+
+# Lists store sequences
+li = []
+# You can start with a prefilled list
+other_li = [4, 5, 6]
+
+# Add stuff to the end of a list with append
+li.append(1)    # li is now [1]
+li.append(2)    # li is now [1, 2]
+li.append(4)    # li is now [1, 2, 4]
+li.append(3)    # li is now [1, 2, 4, 3]
+# Remove from the end with pop
+li.pop()        # => 3 and li is now [1, 2, 4]
+# Let's put it back
+li.append(3)    # li is now [1, 2, 4, 3] again.
+
+# Access a list like you would any array
+li[0]  # => 1
+# Look at the last element
+li[-1]  # => 3
+
+# Looking out of bounds is an IndexError
+li[4]  # Raises an IndexError
+
+# You can look at ranges with slice syntax.
+# (It's a closed/open range for you mathy types.)
+li[1:3]  # => [2, 4]
+# Omit the beginning
+li[2:]  # => [4, 3]
+# Omit the end
+li[:3]  # => [1, 2, 4]
+# Select every second entry
+li[::2]   # =>[1, 4]
+# Revert the list
+li[::-1]   # => [3, 4, 2, 1]
+# Use any combination of these to make advanced slices
+# li[start:end:step]
+
+# Remove arbitrary elements from a list with "del"
+del li[2]   # li is now [1, 2, 3]
+
+# You can add lists
+# Note: values for li and for other_li are not modified.
+li + other_li   # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+
+# Concatenate lists with "extend()"
+li.extend(other_li)   # Now li is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+
+# Check for existence in a list with "in"
+1 in li   # => True
+
+# Examine the length with "len()"
+len(li)   # => 6
+
+
+# Tuples are like lists but are immutable.
+tup = (1, 2, 3)
+tup[0]   # => 1
+tup[0] = 3  # Raises a TypeError
+
+# You can do all those list thingies on tuples too
+len(tup)   # => 3
+tup + (4, 5, 6)   # => (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+tup[:2]   # => (1, 2)
+2 in tup   # => True
+
+# You can unpack tuples (or lists) into variables
+a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)     # a is now 1, b is now 2 and c is now 3
+# Tuples are created by default if you leave out the parentheses
+d, e, f = 4, 5, 6
+# Now look how easy it is to swap two values
+e, d = d, e     # d is now 5 and e is now 4
+
+
+# Dictionaries store mappings
+empty_dict = {}
+# Here is a prefilled dictionary
+filled_dict = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
+
+# Look up values with []
+filled_dict["one"]   # => 1
+
+# Get all keys as a list with "keys()".
+# We need to wrap the call in list() because we are getting back an iterable. We'll talk about those later.
+# Note - Dictionary key ordering is not guaranteed.
+# Your results might not match this exactly.
+list(filled_dict.keys())   # => ["three", "two", "one"]
+
+
+# Get all values as a list with "values()". Once again we need to wrap it in list() to get it out of the iterable.
+# Note - Same as above regarding key ordering.
+list(filled_dict.values())   # => [3, 2, 1]
+
+
+# Check for existence of keys in a dictionary with "in"
+"one" in filled_dict   # => True
+1 in filled_dict   # => False
+
+# Looking up a non-existing key is a KeyError
+filled_dict["four"]   # KeyError
+
+# Use "get()" method to avoid the KeyError
+filled_dict.get("one")   # => 1
+filled_dict.get("four")   # => None
+# The get method supports a default argument when the value is missing
+filled_dict.get("one", 4)   # => 1
+filled_dict.get("four", 4)   # => 4
+
+# "setdefault()" inserts into a dictionary only if the given key isn't present
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 5)  # filled_dict["five"] is set to 5
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 6)  # filled_dict["five"] is still 5
+
+# Adding to a dictionary
+filled_dict.update({"four":4}) #=> {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3, "four": 4}
+#filled_dict["four"] = 4  #another way to add to dict
+
+# Remove keys from a dictionary with del
+del filled_dict["one"]  # Removes the key "one" from filled dict
+
+
+# Sets store ... well sets
+empty_set = set()
+# Initialize a set with a bunch of values. Yeah, it looks a bit like a dict. Sorry.
+some_set = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4}   # some_set is now {1, 2, 3, 4}
+
+#Can set new variables to a set
+filled_set = some_set
+
+# Add one more item to the set
+filled_set.add(5)   # filled_set is now {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+
+# Do set intersection with &
+other_set = {3, 4, 5, 6}
+filled_set & other_set   # => {3, 4, 5}
+
+# Do set union with |
+filled_set | other_set   # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
+
+# Do set difference with -
+{1, 2, 3, 4} - {2, 3, 5}   # => {1, 4}
+
+# Check for existence in a set with in
+2 in filled_set   # => True
+10 in filled_set   # => False
+
+
+####################################################
+## 3. Control Flow and Iterables
+####################################################
+
+# Let's just make a variable
+some_var = 5
+
+# Here is an if statement. Indentation is significant in python!
+# prints "some_var is smaller than 10"
+if some_var > 10:
+    print("some_var is totally bigger than 10.")
+elif some_var < 10:    # This elif clause is optional.
+    print("some_var is smaller than 10.")
+else:                  # This is optional too.
+    print("some_var is indeed 10.")
+
+
+"""
+For loops iterate over lists
+prints:
+    dog is a mammal
+    cat is a mammal
+    mouse is a mammal
+"""
+for animal in ["dog", "cat", "mouse"]:
+    # You can use format() to interpolate formatted strings
+    print("{} is a mammal".format(animal))
+
+"""
+"range(number)" returns a list of numbers
+from zero to the given number
+prints:
+    0
+    1
+    2
+    3
+"""
+for i in range(4):
+    print(i)
+
+"""
+While loops go until a condition is no longer met.
+prints:
+    0
+    1
+    2
+    3
+"""
+x = 0
+while x < 4:
+    print(x)
+    x += 1  # Shorthand for x = x + 1
+
+# Handle exceptions with a try/except block
+try:
+    # Use "raise" to raise an error
+    raise IndexError("This is an index error")
+except IndexError as e:
+    pass    # Pass is just a no-op. Usually you would do recovery here.
+except (TypeError, NameError):
+    pass    # Multiple exceptions can be handled together, if required.
+else:   # Optional clause to the try/except block. Must follow all except blocks
+    print("All good!")   # Runs only if the code in try raises no exceptions
+
+# Python offers a fundamental abstraction called the Iterable.
+# An iterable is an object that can be treated as a sequence.
+# The object returned the range function, is an iterable.
+
+filled_dict = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
+our_iterable = filled_dict.keys()
+print(our_iterable) #=> range(1,10). This is an object that implements our Iterable interface
+
+# We can loop over it.
+for i in our_iterable:
+    print(i)    # Prints one, two, three
+
+# However we cannot address elements by index.
+our_iterable[1]  # Raises a TypeError
+
+# An iterable is an object that knows how to create an iterator.
+our_iterator = iter(our_iterable)
+
+# Our iterator is an object that can remember the state as we traverse through it.
+# We get the next object by calling the __next__ function.
+our_iterator.__next__()  #=> "one"
+
+# It maintains state as we call __next__.
+our_iterator.__next__()  #=> "two"
+our_iterator.__next__()  #=> "three"
+
+# After the iterator has returned all of its data, it gives you a StopIterator Exception
+our_iterator.__next__() # Raises StopIteration
+
+# You can grab all the elements of an iterator by calling list() on it.
+list(filled_dict.keys())  #=> Returns ["one", "two", "three"]
+
+
+
+####################################################
+## 4. Functions
+####################################################
+
+# Use "def" to create new functions
+def add(x, y):
+    print("x is {} and y is {}".format(x, y))
+    return x + y    # Return values with a return statement
+
+# Calling functions with parameters
+add(5, 6)   # => prints out "x is 5 and y is 6" and returns 11
+
+# Another way to call functions is with keyword arguments
+add(y=6, x=5)   # Keyword arguments can arrive in any order.
+
+
+# You can define functions that take a variable number of
+# positional arguments
+def varargs(*args):
+    return args
+
+varargs(1, 2, 3)   # => (1, 2, 3)
+
+
+# You can define functions that take a variable number of
+# keyword arguments, as well
+def keyword_args(**kwargs):
+    return kwargs
+
+# Let's call it to see what happens
+keyword_args(big="foot", loch="ness")   # => {"big": "foot", "loch": "ness"}
+
+
+# You can do both at once, if you like
+def all_the_args(*args, **kwargs):
+    print(args)
+    print(kwargs)
+"""
+all_the_args(1, 2, a=3, b=4) prints:
+    (1, 2)
+    {"a": 3, "b": 4}
+"""
+
+# When calling functions, you can do the opposite of args/kwargs!
+# Use * to expand tuples and use ** to expand kwargs.
+args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
+kwargs = {"a": 3, "b": 4}
+all_the_args(*args)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
+all_the_args(**kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(a=3, b=4)
+all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
+
+
+# Function Scope
+x = 5
+
+def setX(num):
+    # Local var x not the same as global variable x
+    x = num # => 43
+    print (x) # => 43
+
+def setGlobalX(num):
+    global x
+    print (x) # => 5
+    x = num # global var x is now set to 6
+    print (x) # => 6
+
+setX(43)
+setGlobalX(6)
+
+
+# Python has first class functions
+def create_adder(x):
+    def adder(y):
+        return x + y
+    return adder
+
+add_10 = create_adder(10)
+add_10(3)   # => 13
+
+# There are also anonymous functions
+(lambda x: x > 2)(3)   # => True
+
+# TODO - Fix for iterables
+# There are built-in higher order functions
+map(add_10, [1, 2, 3])   # => [11, 12, 13]
+filter(lambda x: x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])   # => [6, 7]
+
+# We can use list comprehensions for nice maps and filters
+# List comprehension stores the output as a list which can itself be a nested list
+[add_10(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]]  # => [11, 12, 13]
+[x for x in [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] if x > 5]   # => [6, 7]
+
+####################################################
+## 5. Classes
+####################################################
+
+
+# We subclass from object to get a class.
+class Human(object):
+
+    # A class attribute. It is shared by all instances of this class
+    species = "H. sapiens"
+
+    # Basic initializer, this is called when this class is instantiated.
+    # Note that the double leading and trailing underscores denote objects
+    # or attributes that are used by python but that live in user-controlled
+    # namespaces. You should not invent such names on your own.
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        # Assign the argument to the instance's name attribute
+        self.name = name
+
+    # An instance method. All methods take "self" as the first argument
+    def say(self, msg):
+        return "{name}: {message}".format(name=self.name, message=msg)
+
+    # A class method is shared among all instances
+    # They are called with the calling class as the first argument
+    @classmethod
+    def get_species(cls):
+        return cls.species
+
+    # A static method is called without a class or instance reference
+    @staticmethod
+    def grunt():
+        return "*grunt*"
+
+
+# Instantiate a class
+i = Human(name="Ian")
+print(i.say("hi"))     # prints out "Ian: hi"
+
+j = Human("Joel")
+print(j.say("hello"))  # prints out "Joel: hello"
+
+# Call our class method
+i.get_species()   # => "H. sapiens"
+
+# Change the shared attribute
+Human.species = "H. neanderthalensis"
+i.get_species()   # => "H. neanderthalensis"
+j.get_species()   # => "H. neanderthalensis"
+
+# Call the static method
+Human.grunt()   # => "*grunt*"
+
+
+####################################################
+## 6. Modules
+####################################################
+
+# You can import modules
+import math
+print(math.sqrt(16))  # => 4
+
+# You can get specific functions from a module
+from math import ceil, floor
+print(ceil(3.7))  # => 4.0
+print(floor(3.7))   # => 3.0
+
+# You can import all functions from a module.
+# Warning: this is not recommended
+from math import *
+
+# You can shorten module names
+import math as m
+math.sqrt(16) == m.sqrt(16)   # => True
+
+# Python modules are just ordinary python files. You
+# can write your own, and import them. The name of the
+# module is the same as the name of the file.
+
+# You can find out which functions and attributes
+# defines a module.
+import math
+dir(math)
+
+
+####################################################
+## 7. Advanced
+####################################################
+
+# Generators help you make lazy code
+def double_numbers(iterable):
+    for i in iterable:
+        yield i + i
+
+# A generator creates values on the fly.
+# Instead of generating and returning all values at once it creates one in each
+# iteration.  This means values bigger than 15 wont be processed in
+# double_numbers.
+# Note range is a generator too. Creating a list 1-900000000 would take lot of
+# time to be made
+# We use a trailing underscore in variable names when we want to use a name that
+# would normally collide with a python keyword
+range_ = range(1, 900000000)
+# will double all numbers until a result >=30 found
+for i in double_numbers(range_):
+    print(i)
+    if i >= 30:
+        break
+
+
+# Decorators
+# in this example beg wraps say
+# Beg will call say. If say_please is True then it will change the returned
+# message
+from functools import wraps
+
+
+def beg(target_function):
+    @wraps(target_function)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        msg, say_please = target_function(*args, **kwargs)
+        if say_please:
+            return "{} {}".format(msg, "Please! I am poor :(")
+        return msg
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@beg
+def say(say_please=False):
+    msg = "Can you buy me a beer?"
+    return msg, say_please
+
+
+print(say())  # Can you buy me a beer?
+print(say(say_please=True))  # Can you buy me a beer? Please! I am poor :(
+```
+
+## Ready For More?
+
+### Free Online
+
+* [Learn Python The Hard Way](http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/)
+* [Dive Into Python](http://www.diveintopython.net/)
+* [Ideas for Python Projects](http://pythonpracticeprojects.com)
+
+* [The Official Docs](http://docs.python.org/3/)
+* [Hitchhiker's Guide to Python](http://docs.python-guide.org/en/latest/)
+* [Python Module of the Week](http://pymotw.com/3/)
+* [A Crash Course in Python for Scientists](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/5920182)
+
+### Dead Tree
+
+* [Programming Python](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596158106/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596158106&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)
+* [Dive Into Python](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1441413022/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1441413022&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)
+* [Python Essential Reference](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0672329786/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0672329786&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)
+

From d7d131f4406ac86c50b563797c4432dc79e244ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 01:05:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] Fix a typo, plus section headings

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 20 ++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index dc09de4f..74e997ec 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Note: This article applies to Python 3 specifically. Check out the other tutoria
 # 浮点数的运算结果也是浮点数
 3 * 2.0 # => 6.0
 
-# Modulo operation
+# 模除
 7 % 3 # => 1
 
 # x的y次方
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ not False  # => True
 True and False #=> False
 False or True #=> True
 
-# 整数也可以是布尔值
+# 整数也可以当作布尔值
 0 and 2 #=> 0
 -5 or 0 #=> -5
 0 == False #=> True
@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ False or True #=> True
 "这是个字符串"
 '这也是个字符串'
 
-# 用加好连接字符串
+# 用加号连接字符串
 "Hello " + "world!"  # => "Hello world!"
 
-# A string can be treated like a list of characters
+# 字符串可以被当作字符列表
 "This is a string"[0]  # => 'T'
 
 # .format can be used to format strings, like this:
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ bool({}) #=> False
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 2. Variables and Collections
+## 2. 变量和集合
 ####################################################
 
 # Python has a print function
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ filled_set | other_set   # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 3. Control Flow and Iterables
+## 3. 流程控制和迭代器
 ####################################################
 
 # Let's just make a variable
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ list(filled_dict.keys())  #=> Returns ["one", "two", "three"]
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 4. Functions
+## 4. 函数
 ####################################################
 
 # Use "def" to create new functions
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ filter(lambda x: x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])   # => [6, 7]
 [x for x in [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] if x > 5]   # => [6, 7]
 
 ####################################################
-## 5. Classes
+## 5. 类
 ####################################################
 
 
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ Human.grunt()   # => "*grunt*"
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 6. Modules
+## 6. 模块
 ####################################################
 
 # You can import modules
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ dir(math)
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 7. Advanced
+## 7. 高级用法
 ####################################################
 
 # Generators help you make lazy code

From c917dc75ac25641b86ecd2d14928175c3d1cc684 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 11:24:51 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] Finish most lines in section 1

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 20 +++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index 74e997ec..e297a7ce 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ Note: This article applies to Python 3 specifically. Check out the other tutoria
 35 / 5  # => 7.0
 5 / 3  # => 1.6666666666666667
 
-# Result of integer division truncated down both for positive and negative.
+# 整数除法的结果都是向下取整
 5 // 3     # => 1
-5.0 // 3.0 # => 1.0 # works on floats too
+5.0 // 3.0 # => 1.0 # 浮点数也可以
 -5 // 3  # => -2
 -5.0 // 3.0 # => -2.0
 
@@ -107,22 +107,20 @@ False or True #=> True
 # 字符串可以被当作字符列表
 "This is a string"[0]  # => 'T'
 
-# .format can be used to format strings, like this:
+# 用.format来格式化字符串
 "{} can be {}".format("strings", "interpolated")
 
-# You can repeat the formatting arguments to save some typing.
+# 可以重复参数以节省时间
 "{0} be nimble, {0} be quick, {0} jump over the {1}".format("Jack", "candle stick")
 #=> "Jack be nimble, Jack be quick, Jack jump over the candle stick"
 
-# You can use keywords if you don't want to count.
+# 如果不想数参数，可以用关键字
 "{name} wants to eat {food}".format(name="Bob", food="lasagna") #=> "Bob wants to eat lasagna"
 
-# If your Python 3 code also needs to run on Python 2.5 and below, you can also
-# still use the old style of formatting:
+# 如果你的Python3程序也要在Python2.5以下环境运行，也可以用老式的格式化语法
 "%s can be %s the %s way" % ("strings", "interpolated", "old")
 
-
-# None is an object
+# None是一个对象
 None  # => None
 
 # Don't use the equality "==" symbol to compare objects to None
@@ -130,8 +128,8 @@ None  # => None
 "etc" is None  # => False
 None is None  # => True
 
-# None, 0, and empty strings/lists/dicts all evaluate to False.
-# All other values are True
+# None，0，空字符串，空列表，空关联数组都算是False
+# 所有其他值都是True
 bool(0)  # => False
 bool("")  # => False
 bool([]) #=> False

From ba5c351f216ca63e4f46230db683224fd6d26355 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2014 15:40:49 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] A bit of section 2, 3, 4

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 88 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index e297a7ce..78ecb4af 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -140,60 +140,60 @@ bool({}) #=> False
 ## 2. 变量和集合
 ####################################################
 
-# Python has a print function
+# print是内置的打印函数
 print("I'm Python. Nice to meet you!")
 
-# No need to declare variables before assigning to them.
-# Convention is to use lower_case_with_underscores
+# 在给变量赋值前不用提前声明
+# 传统的变量命名是小写，用下划线分隔单词
 some_var = 5
 some_var  # => 5
 
-# Accessing a previously unassigned variable is an exception.
-# See Control Flow to learn more about exception handling.
-some_unknown_var  # Raises a NameError
+# 存取未赋值的变量会抛出异常
+# 下面流程控制一段更深入讲解异常处理
+some_unknown_var  # 抛出NameError
 
-# Lists store sequences
+# 用列表(list)储存序列
 li = []
-# You can start with a prefilled list
+# 创建列表时也可以同时赋给元素
 other_li = [4, 5, 6]
 
-# Add stuff to the end of a list with append
-li.append(1)    # li is now [1]
-li.append(2)    # li is now [1, 2]
-li.append(4)    # li is now [1, 2, 4]
-li.append(3)    # li is now [1, 2, 4, 3]
-# Remove from the end with pop
-li.pop()        # => 3 and li is now [1, 2, 4]
-# Let's put it back
-li.append(3)    # li is now [1, 2, 4, 3] again.
+# 用append在列表最后追加元素
+li.append(1)    # li现在是[1]
+li.append(2)    # li现在是[1, 2]
+li.append(4)    # li现在是[1, 2, 4]
+li.append(3)    # li现在是[1, 2, 4, 3]
+# 用pop从列表尾部删除
+li.pop()        # => 3 且li现在是[1, 2, 4]
+# 把3再放回去
+li.append(3)    # li变回[1, 2, 4, 3]
 
-# Access a list like you would any array
+# 列表取值跟数组一样
 li[0]  # => 1
-# Look at the last element
+# 取出最后一个元素
 li[-1]  # => 3
 
-# Looking out of bounds is an IndexError
-li[4]  # Raises an IndexError
+# 越界读取会造成IndexError
+li[4]  # 抛出IndexError
 
-# You can look at ranges with slice syntax.
+# 列表的切割语法
 # (It's a closed/open range for you mathy types.)
 li[1:3]  # => [2, 4]
-# Omit the beginning
+# 取尾
 li[2:]  # => [4, 3]
-# Omit the end
+# 取头
 li[:3]  # => [1, 2, 4]
-# Select every second entry
+# 每两个取一个
 li[::2]   # =>[1, 4]
-# Revert the list
+# 倒排列表
 li[::-1]   # => [3, 4, 2, 1]
 # Use any combination of these to make advanced slices
 # li[start:end:step]
 
-# Remove arbitrary elements from a list with "del"
+# 用del删除任何一个元素
 del li[2]   # li is now [1, 2, 3]
 
-# You can add lists
-# Note: values for li and for other_li are not modified.
+# 列表可以相加
+# 注意：li和other_li的值都不变
 li + other_li   # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
 
 # Concatenate lists with "extend()"
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ tup = (1, 2, 3)
 tup[0]   # => 1
 tup[0] = 3  # Raises a TypeError
 
-# You can do all those list thingies on tuples too
+# 列表允许的操作元组也可以
 len(tup)   # => 3
 tup + (4, 5, 6)   # => (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
 tup[:2]   # => (1, 2)
@@ -301,17 +301,17 @@ filled_set | other_set   # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
 ## 3. 流程控制和迭代器
 ####################################################
 
-# Let's just make a variable
+# 先随便定义一个变量
 some_var = 5
 
-# Here is an if statement. Indentation is significant in python!
-# prints "some_var is smaller than 10"
+# 这是个if语句。注意缩进在Python里是有意义的
+# 印出"some_var比10小"
 if some_var > 10:
-    print("some_var is totally bigger than 10.")
-elif some_var < 10:    # This elif clause is optional.
-    print("some_var is smaller than 10.")
-else:                  # This is optional too.
-    print("some_var is indeed 10.")
+    print("some_var比10大")
+elif some_var < 10:    # elif句是可选的
+    print("some_var比10小")
+else:                  # else也是可选的
+    print("some_var就是10")
 
 
 """
@@ -399,16 +399,16 @@ list(filled_dict.keys())  #=> Returns ["one", "two", "three"]
 ## 4. 函数
 ####################################################
 
-# Use "def" to create new functions
+# 用def定义新函数
 def add(x, y):
     print("x is {} and y is {}".format(x, y))
-    return x + y    # Return values with a return statement
+    return x + y    # 用return语句返回
 
-# Calling functions with parameters
-add(5, 6)   # => prints out "x is 5 and y is 6" and returns 11
+# 调用函数
+add(5, 6)   # => 印出"x is 5 and y is 6"并且返回11
 
-# Another way to call functions is with keyword arguments
-add(y=6, x=5)   # Keyword arguments can arrive in any order.
+# 也可以用关键字参数来调用函数
+add(y=6, x=5)   # 关键字参数可以用任何顺序
 
 
 # You can define functions that take a variable number of

From 2444690e5fae22d5f09f3f4966996785353fd3af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2014 15:52:20 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] All of section 6

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 18 ++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index 78ecb4af..efdfc158 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -545,29 +545,27 @@ Human.grunt()   # => "*grunt*"
 ## 6. 模块
 ####################################################
 
-# You can import modules
+# 用import导入模块
 import math
 print(math.sqrt(16))  # => 4
 
-# You can get specific functions from a module
+# 也可以从模块中导入个别值
 from math import ceil, floor
 print(ceil(3.7))  # => 4.0
 print(floor(3.7))   # => 3.0
 
-# You can import all functions from a module.
-# Warning: this is not recommended
+# 可以导入一个模块中所有值
+# 警告：不建议这么做
 from math import *
 
-# You can shorten module names
+# 如此缩写模块名字
 import math as m
 math.sqrt(16) == m.sqrt(16)   # => True
 
-# Python modules are just ordinary python files. You
-# can write your own, and import them. The name of the
-# module is the same as the name of the file.
+# Python模块其实就是普通的Python文件。你可以自己写，然后导入，
+# 模块的名字就是文件的名字。
 
-# You can find out which functions and attributes
-# defines a module.
+# 你可以这样列出一个模块里所有的值
 import math
 dir(math)
 

From fb89673ef1063c3446462d3249246929d492ea76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2014 16:01:10 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] Minor changes

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index efdfc158..6ad23600 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ print("I'm Python. Nice to meet you!")
 some_var = 5
 some_var  # => 5
 
-# 存取未赋值的变量会抛出异常
-# 下面流程控制一段更深入讲解异常处理
+# 访问未赋值的变量会抛出异常
+# 参考流程控制一段来学习异常处理
 some_unknown_var  # 抛出NameError
 
 # 用列表(list)储存序列
@@ -167,22 +167,22 @@ li.pop()        # => 3 且li现在是[1, 2, 4]
 # 把3再放回去
 li.append(3)    # li变回[1, 2, 4, 3]
 
-# 列表取值跟数组一样
+# 列表存取跟数组一样
 li[0]  # => 1
 # 取出最后一个元素
 li[-1]  # => 3
 
-# 越界读取会造成IndexError
+# 越界存取会造成IndexError
 li[4]  # 抛出IndexError
 
-# 列表的切割语法
+# 列表有切割语法
 # (It's a closed/open range for you mathy types.)
 li[1:3]  # => [2, 4]
 # 取尾
 li[2:]  # => [4, 3]
 # 取头
 li[:3]  # => [1, 2, 4]
-# 每两个取一个
+# 隔一个取一个
 li[::2]   # =>[1, 4]
 # 倒排列表
 li[::-1]   # => [3, 4, 2, 1]

From d234d1c8945a7a4fdc812be65de89ca0c6aa52b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2014 17:20:50 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] Finish sections 2 and 3

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 153 ++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index 6ad23600..2c1c03f8 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ translators:
 filename: learnpython3.py
 ---
 
-Python was created by Guido Van Rossum in the early 90's. It is now one of the most popular
-languages in existence. I fell in love with Python for its syntactic clarity. It's basically
-executable pseudocode.
+Python是由吉多·范罗苏姆(Guido Van Rossum)在90年代早期设计。它是如今最常用的编程
+语言之一。它的语法简洁且优美，几乎就是可执行的伪代码。
 
-Feedback would be highly appreciated! You can reach me at [@louiedinh](http://twitter.com/louiedinh) or louiedinh [at] [google's email service]
+欢迎大家斧正。英文版原作Louie Dinh [@louiedinh](http://twitter.com/louiedinh)
+或着Email louiedinh [at] [谷歌的信箱服务]。中文翻译Geoff Liu。
 
-Note: This article applies to Python 3 specifically. Check out the other tutorial if you want to learn the old Python 2.7
+注意：这篇教程是特别为Python3写的。如果你想学旧版Python2，我们特别有另一篇教程。
 
 ```python
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ None  # => None
 "etc" is None  # => False
 None is None  # => True
 
-# None，0，空字符串，空列表，空关联数组都算是False
+# None，0，空字符串，空列表，空字典都算是False
 # 所有其他值都是True
 bool(0)  # => False
 bool("")  # => False
@@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ li[-1]  # => 3
 li[4]  # 抛出IndexError
 
 # 列表有切割语法
-# (It's a closed/open range for you mathy types.)
 li[1:3]  # => [2, 4]
 # 取尾
 li[2:]  # => [4, 3]
@@ -196,103 +195,101 @@ del li[2]   # li is now [1, 2, 3]
 # 注意：li和other_li的值都不变
 li + other_li   # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
 
-# Concatenate lists with "extend()"
-li.extend(other_li)   # Now li is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+# 用extend拼接列表
+li.extend(other_li)   # li现在是[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
 
-# Check for existence in a list with "in"
+# 用in测试列表是否包含值
 1 in li   # => True
 
-# Examine the length with "len()"
+# 用len取列表长度
 len(li)   # => 6
 
 
-# Tuples are like lists but are immutable.
+# 元组是不可改变的序列
 tup = (1, 2, 3)
 tup[0]   # => 1
-tup[0] = 3  # Raises a TypeError
+tup[0] = 3  # 抛出TypeError
 
-# 列表允许的操作元组也可以
+# 列表允许的操作元组大都可以
 len(tup)   # => 3
 tup + (4, 5, 6)   # => (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
 tup[:2]   # => (1, 2)
 2 in tup   # => True
 
-# You can unpack tuples (or lists) into variables
-a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)     # a is now 1, b is now 2 and c is now 3
-# Tuples are created by default if you leave out the parentheses
+# 可以把元组合列表解包，赋值给变量
+a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)     # 现在a是1，b是2，c是3
+# 元组周围的括号是可以省略的
 d, e, f = 4, 5, 6
-# Now look how easy it is to swap two values
-e, d = d, e     # d is now 5 and e is now 4
+# 交换两个变量的值就这么简单
+e, d = d, e     # 现在d是5，e是4
 
 
-# Dictionaries store mappings
+# 用字典表达映射关系
 empty_dict = {}
-# Here is a prefilled dictionary
+# 初始化的字典
 filled_dict = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
 
-# Look up values with []
+# 用[]取值
 filled_dict["one"]   # => 1
 
-# Get all keys as a list with "keys()".
-# We need to wrap the call in list() because we are getting back an iterable. We'll talk about those later.
-# Note - Dictionary key ordering is not guaranteed.
-# Your results might not match this exactly.
+
+# 用keys获得所有的键。因为keys返回一个可迭代对象，所以在这里把结果包在list里。我们下面会详细介绍可迭代。
+# 注意：字典键的顺序是不定的，你得到的结果可能和以下不同。
 list(filled_dict.keys())   # => ["three", "two", "one"]
 
 
-# Get all values as a list with "values()". Once again we need to wrap it in list() to get it out of the iterable.
-# Note - Same as above regarding key ordering.
+# 用values获得所有的值。跟keys一样，要用list包起来，顺序也可能不同。
 list(filled_dict.values())   # => [3, 2, 1]
 
 
-# Check for existence of keys in a dictionary with "in"
+# 用in测试一个字典是否包含一个键
 "one" in filled_dict   # => True
 1 in filled_dict   # => False
 
-# Looking up a non-existing key is a KeyError
+# 访问不存在的键会导致KeyError
 filled_dict["four"]   # KeyError
 
-# Use "get()" method to avoid the KeyError
+# 用get来避免KeyError
 filled_dict.get("one")   # => 1
 filled_dict.get("four")   # => None
-# The get method supports a default argument when the value is missing
+# 当键不存在的时候get方法可以返回默认值
 filled_dict.get("one", 4)   # => 1
 filled_dict.get("four", 4)   # => 4
 
-# "setdefault()" inserts into a dictionary only if the given key isn't present
-filled_dict.setdefault("five", 5)  # filled_dict["five"] is set to 5
-filled_dict.setdefault("five", 6)  # filled_dict["five"] is still 5
+# setdefault方法只有当键不存在的时候插入新值
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 5)  # filled_dict["five"]设为5
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 6)  # filled_dict["five"]还是5
 
-# Adding to a dictionary
+# 字典赋值
 filled_dict.update({"four":4}) #=> {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3, "four": 4}
-#filled_dict["four"] = 4  #another way to add to dict
+filled_dict["four"] = 4  # 另一种赋值方法
 
-# Remove keys from a dictionary with del
-del filled_dict["one"]  # Removes the key "one" from filled dict
+# 用del删除
+del filled_dict["one"]  # 从filled_dict中把one删除
 
 
-# Sets store ... well sets
+# 用set表达集合
 empty_set = set()
-# Initialize a set with a bunch of values. Yeah, it looks a bit like a dict. Sorry.
-some_set = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4}   # some_set is now {1, 2, 3, 4}
+# 初始化一个集合，语法跟字典相似。
+some_set = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4}   # some_set现在是{1, 2, 3, 4}
 
-#Can set new variables to a set
+# 可以把集合赋值于变量
 filled_set = some_set
 
-# Add one more item to the set
-filled_set.add(5)   # filled_set is now {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+# 为集合添加元素
+filled_set.add(5)   # filled_set现在是{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 
-# Do set intersection with &
+# & 取交集
 other_set = {3, 4, 5, 6}
 filled_set & other_set   # => {3, 4, 5}
 
-# Do set union with |
+# | 取并集
 filled_set | other_set   # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
 
-# Do set difference with -
+# - 取补集
 {1, 2, 3, 4} - {2, 3, 5}   # => {1, 4}
 
-# Check for existence in a set with in
+# in 测试集合是否包含元素
 2 in filled_set   # => True
 10 in filled_set   # => False
 
@@ -315,20 +312,18 @@ else:                  # else也是可选的
 
 
 """
-For loops iterate over lists
-prints:
+用for循环语句遍历列表
+打印:
     dog is a mammal
     cat is a mammal
     mouse is a mammal
 """
 for animal in ["dog", "cat", "mouse"]:
-    # You can use format() to interpolate formatted strings
     print("{} is a mammal".format(animal))
 
 """
-"range(number)" returns a list of numbers
-from zero to the given number
-prints:
+"range(number)"返回数字列表从0到给的数字
+打印:
     0
     1
     2
@@ -338,8 +333,8 @@ for i in range(4):
     print(i)
 
 """
-While loops go until a condition is no longer met.
-prints:
+while循环直到条件不满足
+打印:
     0
     1
     2
@@ -348,49 +343,49 @@ prints:
 x = 0
 while x < 4:
     print(x)
-    x += 1  # Shorthand for x = x + 1
+    x += 1  # x = x + 1 的简写
 
-# Handle exceptions with a try/except block
+# try/except块处理异常状况
 try:
-    # Use "raise" to raise an error
+    # 用raise来抛出异常
     raise IndexError("This is an index error")
 except IndexError as e:
-    pass    # Pass is just a no-op. Usually you would do recovery here.
+    pass    # pass是无操作，但是应该在这里处理错误
 except (TypeError, NameError):
-    pass    # Multiple exceptions can be handled together, if required.
-else:   # Optional clause to the try/except block. Must follow all except blocks
-    print("All good!")   # Runs only if the code in try raises no exceptions
+    pass    # 可以同时处理不同类的错误
+else:   # else语句是可选的，必须在所有的except之后
+    print("All good!")   # 只有当try运行完没有错误的时候这句才会运行
 
-# Python offers a fundamental abstraction called the Iterable.
-# An iterable is an object that can be treated as a sequence.
-# The object returned the range function, is an iterable.
+
+# Python提供一个叫做可迭代(iterable)的基本抽象。一个可迭代对象是可以被当作序列
+# 的对象。比如说上面range返回的对象就是可迭代的。
 
 filled_dict = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
 our_iterable = filled_dict.keys()
-print(our_iterable) #=> range(1,10). This is an object that implements our Iterable interface
+print(our_iterable) # => range(1,10) 是一个实现可迭代接口的对象
 
-# We can loop over it.
+# 可迭代对象可以遍历
 for i in our_iterable:
-    print(i)    # Prints one, two, three
+    print(i)    # 打印 one, two, three
 
-# However we cannot address elements by index.
-our_iterable[1]  # Raises a TypeError
+# 但是不可以随机访问
+our_iterable[1]  # 抛出TypeError
 
-# An iterable is an object that knows how to create an iterator.
+# 可迭代对象知道怎么生成迭代器
 our_iterator = iter(our_iterable)
 
-# Our iterator is an object that can remember the state as we traverse through it.
-# We get the next object by calling the __next__ function.
+# 迭代器是一个可以记住遍历的位置的对象
+# 用__next__可以取得下一个元素
 our_iterator.__next__()  #=> "one"
 
-# It maintains state as we call __next__.
+# 再一次调取__next__时会记得位置
 our_iterator.__next__()  #=> "two"
 our_iterator.__next__()  #=> "three"
 
-# After the iterator has returned all of its data, it gives you a StopIterator Exception
-our_iterator.__next__() # Raises StopIteration
+# 当迭代器所有元素都取出后，会抛出StopIteration
+our_iterator.__next__() # 抛出StopIteration
 
-# You can grab all the elements of an iterator by calling list() on it.
+# 可以用list一次取出迭代器所有的元素
 list(filled_dict.keys())  #=> Returns ["one", "two", "three"]
 
 

From ce381ce958b45d5249e597b51703b5ef65247310 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 4 Nov 2014 13:15:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] Functions section

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 29 ++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index 2c1c03f8..a490ea40 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -406,24 +406,22 @@ add(5, 6)   # => 印出"x is 5 and y is 6"并且返回11
 add(y=6, x=5)   # 关键字参数可以用任何顺序
 
 
-# You can define functions that take a variable number of
-# positional arguments
+# 我们可以定义一个可变参数函数
 def varargs(*args):
     return args
 
 varargs(1, 2, 3)   # => (1, 2, 3)
 
 
-# You can define functions that take a variable number of
-# keyword arguments, as well
+# 我们也可以定义一个关键字可变参数函数
 def keyword_args(**kwargs):
     return kwargs
 
-# Let's call it to see what happens
+# 我们来看看结果是什么：
 keyword_args(big="foot", loch="ness")   # => {"big": "foot", "loch": "ness"}
 
 
-# You can do both at once, if you like
+# 这两种可变参数可以混着用
 def all_the_args(*args, **kwargs):
     print(args)
     print(kwargs)
@@ -433,8 +431,7 @@ all_the_args(1, 2, a=3, b=4) prints:
     {"a": 3, "b": 4}
 """
 
-# When calling functions, you can do the opposite of args/kwargs!
-# Use * to expand tuples and use ** to expand kwargs.
+# 调用可变参数函数时可以做跟上面相反的，用*展开序列，用**展开字典。
 args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
 kwargs = {"a": 3, "b": 4}
 all_the_args(*args)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
@@ -442,25 +439,25 @@ all_the_args(**kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(a=3, b=4)
 all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
 
 
-# Function Scope
+# 函数作用域
 x = 5
 
 def setX(num):
-    # Local var x not the same as global variable x
+    # 局部作用域的x和全局域的x是不同的
     x = num # => 43
     print (x) # => 43
 
 def setGlobalX(num):
     global x
     print (x) # => 5
-    x = num # global var x is now set to 6
+    x = num # 现在全局域的x被赋值
     print (x) # => 6
 
 setX(43)
 setGlobalX(6)
 
 
-# Python has first class functions
+# 函数在Python是一等公民
 def create_adder(x):
     def adder(y):
         return x + y
@@ -469,16 +466,14 @@ def create_adder(x):
 add_10 = create_adder(10)
 add_10(3)   # => 13
 
-# There are also anonymous functions
+# 也有匿名函数
 (lambda x: x > 2)(3)   # => True
 
-# TODO - Fix for iterables
-# There are built-in higher order functions
+# 内置的高阶函数
 map(add_10, [1, 2, 3])   # => [11, 12, 13]
 filter(lambda x: x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])   # => [6, 7]
 
-# We can use list comprehensions for nice maps and filters
-# List comprehension stores the output as a list which can itself be a nested list
+# 用列表推导式可以简化映射和过滤。列表推导式的返回值是另一个列表。
 [add_10(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]]  # => [11, 12, 13]
 [x for x in [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] if x > 5]   # => [6, 7]
 

From 191a0c705010634fd2b091bce5653da72bbfcf4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2014 12:36:28 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] Only one section left!

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 35 ++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index a490ea40..1f294ebb 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -345,9 +345,9 @@ while x < 4:
     print(x)
     x += 1  # x = x + 1 的简写
 
-# try/except块处理异常状况
+# 用try/except块处理异常状况
 try:
-    # 用raise来抛出异常
+    # 用raise抛出异常
     raise IndexError("This is an index error")
 except IndexError as e:
     pass    # pass是无操作，但是应该在这里处理错误
@@ -564,31 +564,28 @@ dir(math)
 ## 7. 高级用法
 ####################################################
 
-# Generators help you make lazy code
+# 用生成器(generators)方便地写惰性运算
 def double_numbers(iterable):
     for i in iterable:
         yield i + i
 
-# A generator creates values on the fly.
-# Instead of generating and returning all values at once it creates one in each
-# iteration.  This means values bigger than 15 wont be processed in
-# double_numbers.
-# Note range is a generator too. Creating a list 1-900000000 would take lot of
-# time to be made
-# We use a trailing underscore in variable names when we want to use a name that
-# would normally collide with a python keyword
+# 生成器只有在需要时才计算下一个值。它们每一次循环只生成一个值，而不是把所有的
+# 值全部算好。这意味着double_numbers不会生成大于15的数字。
+#
+# range的返回值也是一个生成器，不然一个1到900000000的列表会花很多时间和内存。
+#
+# 如果你想用一个Python的关键字当作变量名，可以加一个下划线来区分。
 range_ = range(1, 900000000)
-# will double all numbers until a result >=30 found
+# 当找到一个 >=30 的结果就会停
 for i in double_numbers(range_):
     print(i)
     if i >= 30:
         break
 
 
-# Decorators
-# in this example beg wraps say
-# Beg will call say. If say_please is True then it will change the returned
-# message
+# 装饰器(decorators)
+# 这个例子中，beg装饰say
+# beg会先调用say。如果返回的say_please为真，beg会改变返回的字符串。
 from functools import wraps
 
 
@@ -613,9 +610,9 @@ print(say())  # Can you buy me a beer?
 print(say(say_please=True))  # Can you buy me a beer? Please! I am poor :(
 ```
 
-## Ready For More?
+## 想继续学吗？
 
-### Free Online
+### 线上免费材料（英文）
 
 * [Learn Python The Hard Way](http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/)
 * [Dive Into Python](http://www.diveintopython.net/)
@@ -626,7 +623,7 @@ print(say(say_please=True))  # Can you buy me a beer? Please! I am poor :(
 * [Python Module of the Week](http://pymotw.com/3/)
 * [A Crash Course in Python for Scientists](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/5920182)
 
-### Dead Tree
+### 书籍（也是英文）
 
 * [Programming Python](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596158106/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596158106&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)
 * [Dive Into Python](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1441413022/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1441413022&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)

From cd4c3a4ad8de2668ed6caad2df40dc470a80a4a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2014 13:05:47 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] Done with Chinese, mostly

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 33 +++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index 1f294ebb..4059c876 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -123,8 +123,7 @@ False or True #=> True
 # None是一个对象
 None  # => None
 
-# Don't use the equality "==" symbol to compare objects to None
-# Use "is" instead. This checks for equality of object identity.
+# 当与None进行比较时不要用 ==，要用is。is是用来比较两个变量是否指向同一个对象。
 "etc" is None  # => False
 None is None  # => True
 
@@ -482,52 +481,50 @@ filter(lambda x: x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])   # => [6, 7]
 ####################################################
 
 
-# We subclass from object to get a class.
+# 定义一个继承object的类
 class Human(object):
 
-    # A class attribute. It is shared by all instances of this class
+    # 类属性，被所有此类的实例共用。
     species = "H. sapiens"
 
-    # Basic initializer, this is called when this class is instantiated.
-    # Note that the double leading and trailing underscores denote objects
-    # or attributes that are used by python but that live in user-controlled
-    # namespaces. You should not invent such names on your own.
+    # 构造方法，当实例被初始化时被调用。注意名字前后的双下划线，这是表明这个属
+    # 性或方法对Python有特殊意义，但是允许用户自行定义。你自己取名时不应该用这
+    # 种格式。
     def __init__(self, name):
         # Assign the argument to the instance's name attribute
         self.name = name
 
-    # An instance method. All methods take "self" as the first argument
+    # 实例方法，第一个参数总是self，就是这个实例对象
     def say(self, msg):
         return "{name}: {message}".format(name=self.name, message=msg)
 
-    # A class method is shared among all instances
-    # They are called with the calling class as the first argument
+    # 类方法，被所有此类的实例共用。第一个参数是这个类对象。
     @classmethod
     def get_species(cls):
         return cls.species
 
-    # A static method is called without a class or instance reference
+    # 静态方法。调用时没有实例或类的绑定。
     @staticmethod
     def grunt():
         return "*grunt*"
 
 
-# Instantiate a class
+# 构造一个实例
 i = Human(name="Ian")
-print(i.say("hi"))     # prints out "Ian: hi"
+print(i.say("hi"))     # 印出 "Ian: hi"
 
 j = Human("Joel")
-print(j.say("hello"))  # prints out "Joel: hello"
+print(j.say("hello"))  # 印出 "Joel: hello"
 
-# Call our class method
+# 调用一个类方法
 i.get_species()   # => "H. sapiens"
 
-# Change the shared attribute
+# 改一个共用的类属性
 Human.species = "H. neanderthalensis"
 i.get_species()   # => "H. neanderthalensis"
 j.get_species()   # => "H. neanderthalensis"
 
-# Call the static method
+# 调用静态方法
 Human.grunt()   # => "*grunt*"
 
 

From 1d665b9c0734ac606c2f8fa8b71c22c1d7ac377b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Geoff Liu <cangming.liu@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2014 13:12:35 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] Missed a few lines

---
 zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
index 4059c876..1b3f5086 100644
--- a/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/python3-cn.html.markdown
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ li[:3]  # => [1, 2, 4]
 li[::2]   # =>[1, 4]
 # 倒排列表
 li[::-1]   # => [3, 4, 2, 1]
-# Use any combination of these to make advanced slices
-# li[start:end:step]
+# 可以用三个参数的任何组合来构建切割
+# li[始:终:步伐]
 
 # 用del删除任何一个元素
 del li[2]   # li is now [1, 2, 3]
@@ -433,9 +433,9 @@ all_the_args(1, 2, a=3, b=4) prints:
 # 调用可变参数函数时可以做跟上面相反的，用*展开序列，用**展开字典。
 args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
 kwargs = {"a": 3, "b": 4}
-all_the_args(*args)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
-all_the_args(**kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(a=3, b=4)
-all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
+all_the_args(*args)   # 相当于 foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
+all_the_args(**kwargs)   # 相当于 foo(a=3, b=4)
+all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)   # 相当于 foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
 
 
 # 函数作用域