mirror of
https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-docs.git
synced 2024-11-27 04:44:08 +03:00
Merge pull request #1412 from voltnor/latex_initial
[latex/en] Initial latex whirlwind showcase revisited
This commit is contained in:
Levi Bostian
commit
8f8c819365
231
latex.html.markdown
Normal file
231
latex.html.markdown
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
language: latex
|
||||
contributors:
|
||||
- ["Chaitanya Krishna Ande", "http://icymist.github.io"]
|
||||
- ["Colton Kohnke", "http://github.com/voltnor"]
|
||||
- ["Sricharan Chiruvolu", "http://sricharan.xyz"]
|
||||
filename: learn-latex.tex
|
||||
---
|
||||
% All comment lines start with %
|
||||
% There are no multi-line comments
|
||||
|
||||
% LaTeX is NOT a "What You See Is What You Get" word processing software like
|
||||
% MS Word, or OpenOffice Writer
|
||||
|
||||
% Every Latex command starts with a backslash (\)
|
||||
|
||||
% LaTeX documents start with a defining the type of document it's compiling
|
||||
% Other document types include book, report, presentations, etc.
|
||||
% The options for the document appear in the [] brackets. In this case
|
||||
% it specifies we want to use 12pt font.
|
||||
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
|
||||
|
||||
% Next we define the packages the document uses.
|
||||
% If you want to include graphics, colored text, or
|
||||
% source code from another language file into your document,
|
||||
% you need to enhance the capabilities of LaTeX. This is done by adding packages.
|
||||
% I'm going to include the float and caption packages for figures.
|
||||
\usepackage{caption}
|
||||
\usepackage{float}
|
||||
|
||||
% We can define some other document properties too!
|
||||
\author{Chaitanya Krishna Ande, Colton Kohnke \& Sricharan Chiruvolu}
|
||||
\date{\today}
|
||||
\title{Learn LaTeX in Y Minutes!}
|
||||
|
||||
% Now we're ready to begin the document
|
||||
% Everything before this line is called "The Preamble"
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
% if we set the author, date, title fields, we can have LaTeX
|
||||
% create a title page for us.
|
||||
\maketitle
|
||||
|
||||
% Most research papers have abstract, you can use the predefined commands for this.
|
||||
% This should appear in its logical order, therefore, after the top matter,
|
||||
% but before the main sections of the body.
|
||||
% This command is available in the document classes article and report.
|
||||
\begin{abstract}
|
||||
LaTex documentation written as LaTex! How novel and totally not my idea!
|
||||
\end{abstract}
|
||||
|
||||
% Section commands are intuitive.
|
||||
% All the titles of the sections are added automatically to the table of contents.
|
||||
\section{Introduction}
|
||||
Hello, my name is Colton and together we're going to explore LaTeX!
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Another section}
|
||||
This is the text for another section. I think it needs a subsection.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{This is a subsection} % Subsections are also intuitive.
|
||||
I think we need another one
|
||||
|
||||
\subsubsection{Pythagoras}
|
||||
Much better now.
|
||||
\label{subsec:pythagoras}
|
||||
|
||||
% By using the asterisk we can suppress Latex's inbuilt numbering.
|
||||
% This works for other Latex commands as well.
|
||||
\section*{This is an unnumbered section}
|
||||
However not all sections have to be numbered!
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Some Text notes}
|
||||
LaTeX is generally pretty good about placing text where it should go. If
|
||||
a line \\ needs \\ to \\ break \\ you add \textbackslash\textbackslash to
|
||||
the source code. \\
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Lists}
|
||||
Lists are one of the easiest things to create in Latex! I need to go shopping
|
||||
tomorrow, so let's make a grocery list.
|
||||
\begin{enumerate} % This creates an "enumerate" environment.
|
||||
% \item tells the enumerate to increment
|
||||
\item Salad.
|
||||
\item 27 watermelon.
|
||||
\item A single jackrabbit.
|
||||
% we can even override the item number by using []
|
||||
\item[how many?] Medium sized squirt guns.
|
||||
|
||||
Not a list item, but still part of the enumerate.
|
||||
|
||||
\end{enumerate} % All environments must have an end.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Math}
|
||||
|
||||
One of the primary uses for LaTeX is to produce academic articles or
|
||||
technical papers. Usually in the realm of math and science. As such,
|
||||
we need to be able to add special symbols to our paper! \\
|
||||
|
||||
Math has many symbols, far beyond what you can find on a keyboard;
|
||||
Set and relation symbols, arrows, operators, and Greek letters to name a few.\\
|
||||
|
||||
Sets and relations play a vital role in many mathematical research papers.
|
||||
Here's how you state all y that belong to X, $\forall$ x $\in$ X. \\
|
||||
% Notice how I needed to add $ signs before and after the symbols. This is
|
||||
% because when writing, we are in text-mode.
|
||||
% However, the math symbols only exist in math-mode.
|
||||
% We can enter math-mode from text mode with the $ signs.
|
||||
% The opposite also holds true. Variable can also be rendered in math-mode.
|
||||
|
||||
My favorite Greek letter is $\xi$. I also like $\beta$, $\gamma$ and $\sigma$.
|
||||
I haven't found a Greek letter that yet that Latex doesn't know about!
|
||||
|
||||
Operators are essential parts of a mathematical document:
|
||||
trigonometric functions ($\sin$, $\cos$, $\tan$),
|
||||
logarithms and exponentials ($\log$, $\exp$),
|
||||
limits ($\lim$), etc.
|
||||
have per-defined LaTeX commands.
|
||||
Let's write an equation to see how it's done: \\
|
||||
|
||||
$\cos(2\theta) = \cos^{2}(\theta) - \sin^{2}(\theta)$
|
||||
|
||||
Fractions(Numerator-denominators) can be written in these forms:
|
||||
|
||||
% 10 / 7
|
||||
$^{10}/_{7}$
|
||||
|
||||
% Relatively complex fractions can be written as
|
||||
% \frac{numerator}{denominator}
|
||||
$\frac{n!}{k!(n - k)!}$ \\
|
||||
|
||||
We can also insert equations in an "equation environment."
|
||||
|
||||
% Display math with the equation 'environment'
|
||||
\begin{equation} % enters math-mode
|
||||
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
|
||||
\label{eq:pythagoras} % for referencing
|
||||
\end{equation} % all \begin statements must have an end statement
|
||||
|
||||
We can then reference our new equation!
|
||||
Eqn.~\ref{eq:pythagoras} is also known as the Pythagoras Theorem which is also
|
||||
the subject of Sec.~\ref{subsec:pythagoras}. A lot of things can be labeled:
|
||||
figures, equations, sections, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Summations and Integrals are written with sum and int commands:
|
||||
|
||||
% Some latex compilers will complain if there are blank lines
|
||||
% In an equation environment.
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
\sum_{i=0}^{5} f_{i}
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
\int_{0}^{\infty} \mathrm{e}^{-x} \mathrm{d}x
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Figures}
|
||||
|
||||
Let's insert a Figure. Figure placement can get a little tricky.
|
||||
I definitely have to lookup the placement options each time.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{figure}[H] % H here denoted the placement option.
|
||||
\centering % centers the figure on the page
|
||||
% Inserts a figure scaled to 0.8 the width of the page.
|
||||
%\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{right-triangle.png}
|
||||
% Commented out for compilation purposes. Please use your imagination.
|
||||
\caption{Right triangle with sides $a$, $b$, $c$}
|
||||
\label{fig:right-triangle}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Table}
|
||||
We can also insert Tables in the same way as figures.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{table}[H]
|
||||
\caption{Caption for the Table.}
|
||||
% the {} arguments below describe how each row of the table is drawn.
|
||||
% Again, I have to look these up. Each. And. Every. Time.
|
||||
\begin{tabular}{c|cc}
|
||||
Number & Last Name & First Name \\ % Column rows are separated by $
|
||||
\hline % a horizontal line
|
||||
1 & Biggus & Dickus \\
|
||||
2 & Monty & Python
|
||||
\end{tabular}
|
||||
\end{table}
|
||||
|
||||
% \section{Hyperlinks} % Coming soon
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Getting Latex to not compile something (i,e, Source Code)}
|
||||
Let's say we want to include some code into our Latex document,
|
||||
we would then need Latex to not try and interpret that text and
|
||||
instead just print it to the document. We do this we a verbatim
|
||||
environment.
|
||||
|
||||
% There are other packages that exist (i.e. minty, lstlisting, etc.)
|
||||
% but verbatim is the bare-bones basic one.
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
print("Hello World!")
|
||||
a%b; % look! We can use % signs in verbatim.
|
||||
random = 4; #decided by fair random dice roll
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Compiling}
|
||||
|
||||
By now you're probably wondering how to compile this fabulous document
|
||||
and look at the glorious glory that is a Latex pdf.
|
||||
(yes, this document actually does compiles). \\
|
||||
Getting to the final document using LaTeX consists of the following steps:
|
||||
\begin{enumerate}
|
||||
\item Write the document in plain text (the "source code").
|
||||
\item Compile source code to produce a pdf.
|
||||
The compilation step looks something like this (in Linux): \\
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
$pdflatex learn-latex.tex learn-latex.pdf
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
\end{enumerate}
|
||||
|
||||
A number of LaTeX editors combine both Step 1 and Step 2 in the same piece of
|
||||
software. So, you get to see Step 1, but not Step 2 completely.
|
||||
Step 2 is still happening behind the scenes.
|
||||
|
||||
You write all your formatting information in plain text in Step 1.
|
||||
The compilation part in Step 2 takes care of producing the document in the
|
||||
format you defined in Step 1.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{End}
|
||||
|
||||
That's all for now!
|
||||
|
||||
% end the document
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
```
|
||||
## More on LaTeX
|
||||
|
||||
* The amazing LaTeX wikibook: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX)
|
||||
* An actual tutorial: [http://www.latex-tutorial.com/](http://www.latex-tutorial.com/)
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user