From a46ae22bf785bf74334a309c9b2f0a64f5a05659 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paierlep <web@paierlep.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2013 19:50:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] Update php.html.markdown

a few sentences to constants
---
 php.html.markdown | 15 +++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+)

diff --git a/php.html.markdown b/php.html.markdown
index f0c5c918..c6811282 100644
--- a/php.html.markdown
+++ b/php.html.markdown
@@ -99,6 +99,21 @@ END;
 echo 'This string ' . 'is concatenated';
 
 
+/********************************
+ * Constants
+ */
+ 
+// A constant is defined by using define()
+// and can never be changed during runtime!
+
+// a valid constant name starts with a letter or underscore,
+// followed by any number of letters, numbers, or underscores.
+define("FOO",     "something");
+
+// access to a constant is possible by direct using the choosen name
+echo 'This outputs '.FOO;
+
+
 /********************************
  * Arrays
  */

From 040896b050e92a44c7c58be51ff4c9b8b7bb523d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: paierlep <web@paierlep.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2013 19:55:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] Update php.html.markdown

?> instead of ? >
---
 php.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/php.html.markdown b/php.html.markdown
index c6811282..73445839 100644
--- a/php.html.markdown
+++ b/php.html.markdown
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ filename: learnphp.php
 This document describes PHP 5+.
 
 ```php
-<?php // PHP code must be enclosed with <?php ? > tags
+<?php // PHP code must be enclosed with <?php ?> tags
 
 // If your php file only contains PHP code, it is best practise
 // to omit the php closing tag.

From 5207af80f59cc4cbbccb47f4b05860c487891427 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Brian Martin <brian@bmandcoweb.co.uk>
Date: Fri, 5 Jul 2013 00:28:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] Create Visual Basic

Contributing Visual Basic.
---
 Visual Basic | 248 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 248 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Visual Basic

diff --git a/Visual Basic b/Visual Basic
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73430633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Visual Basic	
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+---
+language: Visual Basic Console Application
+contributors:
+    - ["Brian Martin", "http://brianmartin.biz"]
+filename: learnvisualbasic.vb
+
+Module Module1
+
+    Sub Main()
+        'A Quick Overview of Visual Basic Console Applications before we dive in to the deep end.
+        'Apostrophe starts comments.
+        'To Navigate this tutorial within the Visual Basic Complier, I've put together a navigation system.
+        'This navigation system is explained however as we go deeper into this tutorial, you'll understand what it all means.
+        Console.Title = ("Learn X in Y Minutes")
+        Console.WriteLine("NAVIGATION") 'Display 
+        Console.WriteLine("")
+        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green
+        Console.WriteLine("1. Hello World Output")
+        Console.WriteLine("2. Hello World Input")
+        Console.WriteLine("3. Calculating Whole Numbers")
+        Console.WriteLine("4. Calculating Decimal Numbers")
+        Console.WriteLine("5. Working Calculator")
+        Console.WriteLine("6. Using Do While Loops")
+        Console.WriteLine("7. Using For While Loops")
+        Console.WriteLine("8. Conditional Statements")
+        Console.WriteLine("9. Select A Drink")
+        Console.WriteLine("50. About")
+        Console.WriteLine("Please Choose A Number From The Above List")
+        Dim selection As String = Console.ReadLine
+        Select Case selection
+            Case "1" 'HelloWorld Output
+                Console.Clear() 'Clears the application and opens the private sub
+                HelloWorldOutput() 'Name Private Sub, Opens Private Sub
+            Case "2" 'Hello Input
+                Console.Clear()
+                HelloWorldInput()
+            Case "3" 'Calculating Whole Numbers 
+                Console.Clear()
+                CalculatingWholeNumbers()
+            Case "4" 'Calculting Decimal Numbers 
+                Console.Clear()
+                CalculatingDecimalNumbers()
+            Case "5" 'Working Calcculator 
+                Console.Clear()
+                WorkingCalculator()
+            Case "6" 'Using Do While Loops
+                Console.Clear()
+                UsingDoWhileLoops()
+            Case "7" 'Using For While Loops
+                Console.Clear()
+                UsingForLoops()
+            Case "8" 'Conditional Statements
+                Console.Clear()
+                ConditionalStatement()
+            Case "9" 'If/Else Statement
+                Console.Clear()
+                IfElseStatement() 'Select a drink
+            Case "50" 'About msg box
+                Console.Clear()
+                Console.Title = ("Learn X in Y Minutes :: About")
+                MsgBox("Learn X in Y Minutes is a creation of Adam Bard (@adambard) This particular program tutorial is by Brian Martin (@BrianMartinn")
+                Console.Clear()
+                Main()
+                Console.ReadLine()
+
+        End Select
+    End Sub
+
+    'One - I'm using numbers to help with the above navigation when I come back later to build it.
+    Private Sub HelloWorldOutput()  'We use private subs to seperate different sections of the program. 
+        Console.Title = "Hello World Ouput | Learn X in Y Minutes" 'Title of Console Application
+        'Use Console.Write("") or Console.WriteLine("") to print outputs.
+        'Followed by Console.Read() alternatively Console.Readline()
+        'Console.ReadLine() prints the output to the console.
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello World")
+        Console.ReadLine()
+    End Sub
+    'Two
+    Private Sub HelloWorldInput() 'We use private subs to seperate different sections of the program. 
+        Console.Title = "Hello World YourName | Learn X in Y Minutes" 'Title of Console Application
+        'Variables
+        'Data entered by a user needs to be stored.
+        'Variables also start with a Dim and end with an As VariableType.
+        Dim username As String 'In this tutorial, we want to know what your name, and make the program respond to what is said.
+        'We use string as string is a text based variable.
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello, What is your name? ") 'Ask the user their name.
+        username = Console.ReadLine() 'Stores the users name.
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello " + username) 'Output is Hello 'Their name'
+        Console.ReadLine() 'Outsputs the above.
+        'The above will ask you a question followed by printing your answer.
+        'Other variables include Integer and we use Integer for whole numbers.
+    End Sub
+    'Three
+    Private Sub CalculatingWholeNumbers() 'We use private subs to seperate different sections of the program. 
+        Console.Title = "Calculating Whole Numbers | Learn X in Y Minutes" 'Title of Console Application
+        Console.Write("First number: ") 'Enter a whole number, 1, 2, 50, 104 ect
+        Dim a As Integer = Console.ReadLine()
+        Console.Write("Second number: ") 'Enter second whole number.
+        Dim b As Integer = Console.ReadLine()
+        Dim c As Integer = a + b
+        Console.WriteLine(c)
+        Console.ReadLine()
+        'The above is a simple calculator
+    End Sub
+    'Four
+    Private Sub CalculatingDecimalNumbers()
+        Console.Title = "Calculating with Double | Learn X in Y Minutes" 'Title of Console Application
+        'Of course we would like to be able to add up decimals.
+        'Therefore we could change the above from Integer to Double.
+        Console.Write("First number: ") 'Enter a whole number, 1.2, 2.4, 50.1, 104.9 ect
+        Dim a As Double = Console.ReadLine
+        Console.Write("Second number: ") 'Enter second whole number.
+        Dim b As Double = Console.ReadLine
+        Dim c As Double = a + b
+        Console.WriteLine(c)
+        Console.ReadLine()
+        'Therefore the above program can add up 1.1 - 2.2
+    End Sub
+    'Five
+    Private Sub WorkingCalculator()
+        Console.Title = "The Working Calculator| Learn X in Y Minutes" 'Title of Console Application
+        'However if you'd like the calculator to subtract, divide, multiple and add up.
+        'Copy and paste the above again.
+        Console.Write("First number: ") 'Enter a whole number, 1.2, 2.4, 50.1, 104.9 ect
+        Dim a As Double = Console.ReadLine
+        Console.Write("Second number: ") 'Enter second whole number.
+        Dim b As Integer = Console.ReadLine
+        Dim c As Integer = a + b
+        Dim d As Integer = a * b
+        Dim e As Integer = a - b
+        Dim f As Integer = a / b
+        'By adding the below lines we are able to calculate the subtract, multply as well as divide the a and b values
+        Console.Write(a.ToString() + " + " + b.ToString())
+        Console.WriteLine(" = " + c.ToString.PadLeft(3)) 'We want to pad the answers to the left by 3 spaces.
+        Console.Write(a.ToString() + " * " + b.ToString())
+        Console.WriteLine(" = " + d.ToString.PadLeft(3)) 'We want to pad the answers to the left by 3 spaces.
+        Console.Write(a.ToString() + " - " + b.ToString())
+        Console.WriteLine(" = " + e.ToString.PadLeft(3)) 'We want to pad the answers to the left by 3 spaces.
+        Console.Write(a.ToString() + " / " + b.ToString())
+        Console.WriteLine(" = " + e.ToString.PadLeft(3)) 'We want to pad the answers to the left by 3 spaces.
+        Console.ReadLine()
+
+    End Sub
+    'Six
+    Private Sub UsingDoWhileLoops()
+        'Just as the previous private sub
+        'This Time We Ask If The User Wishes To Continue (Yes or No?)
+        'We're using Do While Loop as we're unsure if the user wants to use the program more than once.
+        Console.Title = "UsingDoWhileLoops | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        Dim answer As String 'We use the variable "String" as the answer is text
+        Do 'We start the program with 
+            Console.Write("First number: ")
+            Dim a As Double = Console.ReadLine
+            Console.Write("Second number: ")
+            Dim b As Integer = Console.ReadLine
+            Dim c As Integer = a + b
+            Dim d As Integer = a * b
+            Dim e As Integer = a - b
+            Dim f As Integer = a / b
+
+            Console.Write(a.ToString() + " + " + b.ToString())
+            Console.WriteLine(" = " + c.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+            Console.Write(a.ToString() + " * " + b.ToString())
+            Console.WriteLine(" = " + d.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+            Console.Write(a.ToString() + " - " + b.ToString())
+            Console.WriteLine(" = " + e.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+            Console.Write(a.ToString() + " / " + b.ToString())
+            Console.WriteLine(" = " + e.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+            Console.ReadLine()
+            'Ask the question, does the user wish to continue? Unfortunately it is case sensitive. 
+            Console.Write("Would you like to continue? (yes / no)")
+            answer = Console.ReadLine 'The program grabs the variable and prints and starts again.
+        Loop While answer = "yes" 'The command for the variable to work would be in this case "yes"
+
+    End Sub
+    'Seven
+    Private Sub UsingForLoops()
+        'Sometimes the program only needs to run once.
+        'In this program we'll be counting down from 10.
+
+        Console.Title = "Using For Loops | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        For i As Integer = 10 To 0 Step -1 'Declare Vairable and what number it should count down in Step -1, Step -2, Step -3 ect. 
+            Console.WriteLine(i.ToString) 'Print the value of the counter variable
+        Next i 'Calculate new value
+        Console.WriteLine("Start") 'Lets start the program baby!!
+        Console.ReadLine() 'POW!! - Perhaps I got a little excited then :)
+    End Sub
+    'Eight
+    Private Sub ConditionalStatement()
+        Console.Title = "Conditional Statements | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        Dim userName As String = Console.ReadLine
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello, What is your name? ") 'Ask the user their name.
+        userName = Console.ReadLine() 'Stores the users name.
+        If userName = "Adam" Then 'Hey, if Adam uses this program, kudos where kudos is due, right?
+            Console.WriteLine("Hello Adam")
+            Console.WriteLine("Thanks for creating the useful tutorial site www.learnxinyminutes.com!")
+            Console.ReadLine()
+        Else
+            Console.WriteLine("Hello " + userName) 'prints the username of the user 
+            Console.WriteLine("Hope all is well have you checked out www.learnxinyminutes.com") 'Prints a message to the user
+            Console.ReadLine() 'Ends and prints the above statement.
+        End If
+    End Sub
+    'Nine
+    Private Sub IfElseStatement()
+    Console.Title = "If / Else Statement | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        'Sometimes its important to consider more than two alternatives. Sometimes there are a good few others.
+        'When this is the case, more than one if statement would be required.
+        'An if statement is great for vending machines. Where the user enters a code.
+        'A1, A2, A3, ect to select an item.
+        'All choices can be combined into a single if statement.
+
+        Dim selection As String = Console.ReadLine 'Value for selection
+            Console.WriteLine("A1. for 7Up")
+            Console.WriteLine("A2. for Fanta")
+            Console.WriteLine("A3. for Dr. Pepper")
+            Console.WriteLine("A4. for Diet Coke")
+            Console.ReadLine()
+            If selection = "A1" Then
+                Console.WriteLine("7up")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            ElseIf selection = "A2" Then
+                Console.WriteLine("fanta")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            ElseIf selection = "A3" Then
+                Console.WriteLine("dr. pepper")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            ElseIf selection = "A4" Then
+                Console.WriteLine("diet coke")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            Else
+                Console.WriteLine("Please select a product")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            End If
+
+    End Sub
+
+End Module
+
+
+```
+## References
+
+I learnt Visual Basic in the console application. It allowed me to understand the principles of computer programming to go on to learn other programming languages easily. 
+
+I created a more indepth <a href="http://www.vbbootcamp.co.uk/" Title="Visual Basic Tutorial">Visual Basic tutorial</a> for those who would like to learn more. 
+
+The entire syntax is valid. Copy the and paste in to the Visual Basic complier and run (F5) the program. 

From 8c89f3f6083c93fa7ca04148a0e7aa07ff0d4545 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke Holder <lukemh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2013 16:30:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] Explained syntactic sugar is really just method calls.

Objects in ruby receive a message via the . (dot) notation. The arithmetic operators are just syntactic sugar of the . message notation.
---
 ruby.html.markdown | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+)

diff --git a/ruby.html.markdown b/ruby.html.markdown
index 38d060a3..7729e0ff 100644
--- a/ruby.html.markdown
+++ b/ruby.html.markdown
@@ -312,4 +312,22 @@ dwight.name #=> "Dwight K. Schrute"
 
 # Call the class method
 Human.say("Hi") #=> "Hi"
+
+
+=begin
+Arithmetic is just syntactic sugar
+for calling a method on an object:
+=end
+1.+ 1  #=> 2
+1.+(1) #=> 2
+
+8.- 1 #=> 7
+8.-(1) #=> 7
+
+10.* 2 #=> 20
+10.*(2) #=> 20
+
+35./ 5 #=> 7
+35./(5) #=> 7
+
 ```

From 99e1c31b19547fbe117a77047bb23eff0edafaea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke Holder <lukemh@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2013 15:26:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] Updated location, and reduced examples

also added array [] access example.
---
 ruby.html.markdown | 29 ++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ruby.html.markdown b/ruby.html.markdown
index 7729e0ff..9a59be90 100644
--- a/ruby.html.markdown
+++ b/ruby.html.markdown
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ filename: learnruby.rb
 contributors:
   - ["David Underwood", "http://theflyingdeveloper.com"]
   - ["Joel Walden", "http://joelwalden.net"]
+  - ["Luke Holder", "http://twitter.com/lukeholder"]
 ---
 
 ```ruby
@@ -30,6 +31,11 @@ You shouldn't either
 10 * 2 #=> 20
 35 / 5 #=> 7
 
+## Arithmetic is just syntactic sugar
+## for calling a method on an object
+1.+(3) #=> 4
+10.* 5 #=> 50 
+
 # Special values are objects
 nil # Nothing to see here
 true # truth
@@ -121,6 +127,12 @@ array = [1, "hello", false] #=> => [1, "hello", false]
 array[0] #=> 1
 array[12] #=> nil
 
+# Like arithmetic, [var] access
+# is just syntactic sugar
+# for calling a method [] on an object
+array.[] 0 #=> 1
+array.[] 12 #=> nil
+
 # From the end
 array[-1] #=> 5
 
@@ -313,21 +325,4 @@ dwight.name #=> "Dwight K. Schrute"
 # Call the class method
 Human.say("Hi") #=> "Hi"
 
-
-=begin
-Arithmetic is just syntactic sugar
-for calling a method on an object:
-=end
-1.+ 1  #=> 2
-1.+(1) #=> 2
-
-8.- 1 #=> 7
-8.-(1) #=> 7
-
-10.* 2 #=> 20
-10.*(2) #=> 20
-
-35./ 5 #=> 7
-35./(5) #=> 7
-
 ```

From df90e4957246c422c00b07f788d825d327304d11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke Holder <lukemh@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2013 15:28:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] Fixed comment style

---
 ruby.html.markdown | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ruby.html.markdown b/ruby.html.markdown
index 9a59be90..a3bcbbd5 100644
--- a/ruby.html.markdown
+++ b/ruby.html.markdown
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ You shouldn't either
 10 * 2 #=> 20
 35 / 5 #=> 7
 
-## Arithmetic is just syntactic sugar
-## for calling a method on an object
+# Arithmetic is just syntactic sugar
+# for calling a method on an object
 1.+(3) #=> 4
 10.* 5 #=> 50 
 

From 9aec48beaef4f97a7fdb61478e20303c42e2d0f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tenor Biel <tenorbiel@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2013 02:46:16 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] Added Whip LISP dialect

---
 whip.html.markdown | 237 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 237 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 whip.html.markdown

diff --git a/whip.html.markdown b/whip.html.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3fe9b2f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/whip.html.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+---
+language: whip
+contributors:
+  - ["Tenor Biel", "http://github.com/L8D"]
+author: Tenor Biel
+author_url: http://github.com/L8D
+filename: whip.lisp
+---
+
+Whip is a LISP-dialect made for scripting and simplified concepts.
+It has also borrowed a lot of functions and syntax from Haskell(a non-related language).
+
+These docs were written by the creator of the language himself. So is this line.
+
+``` lisp
+; Comments are like LISP. Semi-solons...
+
+; Majority of first-level statements are inside "forms"
+; which are just things inside parens separated by whitespace
+not_in_form
+(in_form)
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+; 1. Numbers, Strings, and Operators
+
+; Whip has one number type (which is a 64-bit IEEE 754 double, from JavaScript).
+3 ; => 3
+1.5 ; => 1.5
+
+; Functions are called if they are the first element in a form
+(called_function args)
+
+; Majority of operations are done with functions
+; All the basic arihmetic is pretty straight forward
+(+ 1 1) ; => 2
+(- 2 1) ; => 1
+(* 1 2) ; => 2
+(/ 2 1) ; => 2
+; even modulo
+(% 9 4) ; => 1
+; JavaScript-style uneven division.
+(/ 5 2) ; => 2.5
+
+; Nesting forms works as you expect.
+(* 2 (+ 1 3)) ; => 8
+
+; There's a boolean type.
+true
+false
+
+; String are created with ".
+"Hello, world"
+
+; Single chars are created with '.
+'a'
+
+; Negation uses the 'not' function.
+(not true) ; => false
+(not false) ; => true
+
+; But the majority of non-haskell functions have shortcuts
+; not's shortcut is a '!'.
+(! (! true)) ; => true
+
+; Equality is `equal` or `=`.
+(= 1 1) ; => true
+(equal 2 1) ; => false
+
+; For example, inequality would be combinding the not and equal functions.
+(! (= 2 1)) ; => true
+
+; More comparisons
+(< 1 10) ; => true
+(> 1 10) ; => false
+; and their word counterpart.
+(lesser 1 10) ; => true
+(greater 1 10) ; => false
+
+; Strings can be concatenated with +.
+(+ "Hello " "world!") ; => "Hello world!"
+
+; You can use JavaScript's comparative abilities.
+(< 'a' 'b') ; => true
+; ...and type coercion
+(= '5' 5)
+
+; The `at` or @ function will access characters in strings, starting at 0.
+(at 0 'a') ; => 'a'
+(@ 3 "foobar") ; => 'b'
+
+; There is also the `null` and `undefined` variables.
+null ; used to indicate a deliberate non-value
+undefined ; user to indicate a value that hasn't been set
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+; 2. Vairbles, Lists, and Dicts
+
+; Variables are declared with the `def` or `let` functions.
+; Variab;es that haven't been set will be `undefined`.
+(def some_var 5)
+; `def` will keep the variable in the global context.
+; `let` will only have the variable inside it's context, and has a wierder syntax.
+(let ((a_var 5)) (+ a_var 5)) ; => 10
+(+ a_var 5) ; = undefined + 5 => undefined
+
+; Lists are arrays of values of any type.
+; They basically are just forms without functions at the beginning.
+(1 2 3) ; => [1, 2, 3] (JavaScript syntax)
+
+; Dictionaries are Whip's equivalent to JavaScript 'objects' or Python 'dictionaries'
+; or Ruby 'hashes': an unordered collection of key-value pairs.
+{"key1":"value1" "key2":2 3:3}
+
+; Keys are just values, either identifier, number, or string.
+(def my_dict {my_key:"my_value" "my other key":4})
+; But in Whip, dictionaries get parsed like: value, colon, value; with whitespace between each.
+; So that means
+{"key": "value"
+"another key"
+: 1234
+}
+; is evaluated to the same as
+{"key":"value" "another key":1234}
+
+; Dictionary definitions can be accessed used the `at` function, like strings and lists.
+(@ "my other key" my_dict) ; => 4
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+; 3. Logic and Control sequences
+
+; The `if` function is pretty simple, though different than most imperitave langs.
+(if true "returned if first arg is true" "returned if first arg is false")
+; => "returned if first arg is true"
+
+; And for the sake of ternary operator legacy
+; `?` is if's unused shortcut.
+(? false true false) ; => false
+
+; `both` is a logical 'and' statement, and `either` is a logical 'or'.
+(both true true) ; => true
+(both true false) ; => false
+(either true false) ; => true
+(either false false) ; => false
+; And their shortcuts are
+; & => both
+; ^ => either
+(& true true) ; => true
+(^ false true) ; => true
+
+;;;;;;;;;
+; Lambdas
+
+; Lambdas in Whip are declared with the `lambda` or `->` function.
+; And functions are really just lambdas with names.
+(def my_function (-> (x y) (+ (x y) 10)))
+;         |       |    |         |
+;         |       |    |    returned value(with scope containing argument vars)
+;         |       | arguments
+;         | lambda declaration function
+;         |
+;   name of the to-be-decalred lambda
+
+(my_function 10 10) ; = (+ (+ 10 10) 10) => 30
+
+; Obiously, all lambdas by definition are anonymous and
+; technically always used anonymouesly. Redundancy.
+((lambda (x) x) 10) ; => 10
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+; Comprehensions
+
+; `range` or `..` generates a list of numbers for
+; each number between it's two args.
+(range 1 5) ; => (1 2 3 4 5)
+(.. 0 2)    ; => (0 1 2)
+
+; `map` applies it's first arg(which should be a lambda/function)
+; to each item in the following arg(which should be a list)
+(map (-> (x) (+ x 1)) (1 2 3)) ; => (2 3 4)
+
+; Reduce
+(reduce + (.. 1 5))
+; equivalent to
+((+ (+ (+ 1 2) 3) 4) 5)
+
+; Note: map and reduce don't have shortcuts
+
+; `slice` or `\` is just like JavaScript's .slice()
+; But do note, it takes the list as the first argument, not the last.
+(slice (.. 1 5) 2) ; => (3 4 5)
+(\ (.. 0 100) -5) ; => (96 97 98 99 100)
+
+; `append` or `<<` is self expanatory
+(append 4 (1 2 3)) ; => (1 2 3 4)
+(<< "bar" ("foo")) ; => ("foo" "bar")
+
+; Length is self explanatory.
+(length (1 2 3)) ; => 3
+(_ "foobar") ; => 6
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+; Haskell fluff
+
+; First item in list
+(head (1 2 3)) ; => 1
+; List from second to last elements in list
+(tail (1 2 3)) ; => (2 3)
+; Last item in list
+(last (1 2 3)) ; => 3
+; Reverse of `tail`
+(init (1 2 3)) ; => (1 2)
+; List from first to specified elements in list
+(take 1 (1 2 3 4)) ; (1 2)
+; Reverse of `take`
+(drop 1 (1 2 3 4)) ; (3 4)
+; Lowest value in list
+(min (1 2 3 4)) ; 1
+; Highest value in list
+(max (1 2 3 4)) ; 4
+; If value is in list or object
+(elem 1 (1 2 3)) ; true
+(elem "foo" {"foo":"bar"}) ; true
+(elem "bar" {"foo":"bar"}) ; false
+; Reverse list order
+(reverse (1 2 3 4)) ; => (4 3 2 1)
+; If value is even or odd
+(even 1) ; => false
+(odd 1) ; => true
+; Split string into list of strings by whitespace
+(words "foobar nachos cheese") ; => ("foobar" "nachos" "cheese")
+; Join list of strings together.
+(unwords ("foo" "bar")) ; => "foobar"
+(pred 21) ; => 20
+(succ 20) ; => 21
+```
+
+For more info, check out the [repo](http://github.com/L8D/whip)

From e22b3e57a8c0b65dc8e43c3c185e3f7ca3a98b4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: L8D <tenorbiel@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2013 19:13:11 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] Started on the addition of coffeescript

---
 coffeescript.html.markdown | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 55 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 coffeescript.html.markdown

diff --git a/coffeescript.html.markdown b/coffeescript.html.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..429f10b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coffeescript.html.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+language: coffeescript
+contributors:
+  - ["Tenor Biel", "http://github.com/L8D"]
+filename: coffeescript.coffee
+---
+
+``` coffeescript
+# CoffeeScript is a hipster language.
+# It goes with the trends of many modern languages.
+# So comments are like Ruby and Python, they use hashes.
+
+###
+Block comments are like these, and they translate directly to '/ *'s and '* /'s
+for the resulting JavaScript code.
+
+You should understand most of JavaScript semantices
+before continuing.
+###
+
+# Assignment:
+number   = 42 #=> var number = 42;
+opposite = true #=> var opposite = true;
+
+# Conditions:
+number = -42 if opposite #=> if(opposite) { number = -42; }
+
+# Functions:
+square = (x) -> x * x #=> var square = function(x) { return x * x; }
+
+# Ranges:
+list = [1..5] #=> var list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+
+# Objects:
+math =
+  root:   Math.sqrt
+  square: square
+  cube:   (x) -> x * square x
+#=> var math = {
+#  "root": Math.sqrt,
+#  "square": square,
+#  "cube": function(x) { return x * square(x); }
+#}
+
+# Splats:
+race = (winner, runners...) ->
+  print winner, runners
+
+# Existence:
+alert "I knew it!" if elvis?
+#=> if(typeof elvis !== "undefined" && elvis !== null) { alert("I knew it!"); }
+
+# Array comprehensions:
+cubes = (math.cube num for num in list) #=> ...
+```

From 4ecd73fc9cd766557e10fc2fa0c3351c373ff1a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam <adam@adambard.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2013 11:24:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] An assortment

---
 c.html.markdown                |   2 +
 visualbasic.html.markdown      | 281 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 whip.html.markdown             |  13 +-
 zh-cn/c-cn.html.markdown       |   5 +-
 zh-cn/elisp-cn.html.markdown   |  10 +-
 zh-cn/java-cn.html.markdown    |   9 +-
 zh-cn/javascript.html.markdown |  11 +-
 zh-cn/php-cn.html.markdown     |   3 +-
 8 files changed, 314 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 visualbasic.html.markdown

diff --git a/c.html.markdown b/c.html.markdown
index 132f75dc..b5286f70 100644
--- a/c.html.markdown
+++ b/c.html.markdown
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 ---
+name: c
+category: language
 language: c
 filename: learnc.c
 contributors:
diff --git a/visualbasic.html.markdown b/visualbasic.html.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fbfa500d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/visualbasic.html.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+---
+language: Visual Basic
+contributors:
+    - ["Brian Martin", "http://brianmartin.biz"]
+filename: learnvisualbasic.vb
+---
+
+```vb
+Module Module1
+
+    Sub Main()
+        ' A Quick Overview of Visual Basic Console Applications before we dive
+        ' in to the deep end.
+        ' Apostrophe starts comments.
+        ' To Navigate this tutorial within the Visual Basic Complier, I've put
+        ' together a navigation system.
+        ' This navigation system is explained however as we go deeper into this
+        ' tutorial, you'll understand what it all means.
+        Console.Title = ("Learn X in Y Minutes")
+        Console.WriteLine("NAVIGATION") 'Display 
+        Console.WriteLine("")
+        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green
+        Console.WriteLine("1. Hello World Output")
+        Console.WriteLine("2. Hello World Input")
+        Console.WriteLine("3. Calculating Whole Numbers")
+        Console.WriteLine("4. Calculating Decimal Numbers")
+        Console.WriteLine("5. Working Calculator")
+        Console.WriteLine("6. Using Do While Loops")
+        Console.WriteLine("7. Using For While Loops")
+        Console.WriteLine("8. Conditional Statements")
+        Console.WriteLine("9. Select A Drink")
+        Console.WriteLine("50. About")
+        Console.WriteLine("Please Choose A Number From The Above List")
+        Dim selection As String = Console.ReadLine
+        Select Case selection
+            Case "1" 'HelloWorld Output
+                Console.Clear() 'Clears the application and opens the private sub
+                HelloWorldOutput() 'Name Private Sub, Opens Private Sub
+            Case "2" 'Hello Input
+                Console.Clear()
+                HelloWorldInput()
+            Case "3" 'Calculating Whole Numbers 
+                Console.Clear()
+                CalculatingWholeNumbers()
+            Case "4" 'Calculting Decimal Numbers 
+                Console.Clear()
+                CalculatingDecimalNumbers()
+            Case "5" 'Working Calcculator 
+                Console.Clear()
+                WorkingCalculator()
+            Case "6" 'Using Do While Loops
+                Console.Clear()
+                UsingDoWhileLoops()
+            Case "7" 'Using For While Loops
+                Console.Clear()
+                UsingForLoops()
+            Case "8" 'Conditional Statements
+                Console.Clear()
+                ConditionalStatement()
+            Case "9" 'If/Else Statement
+                Console.Clear()
+                IfElseStatement() 'Select a drink
+            Case "50" 'About msg box
+                Console.Clear()
+                Console.Title = ("Learn X in Y Minutes :: About")
+                MsgBox("This tutorial is by Brian Martin (@BrianMartinn")
+                Console.Clear()
+                Main()
+                Console.ReadLine()
+
+        End Select
+    End Sub
+
+    'One - I'm using numbers to help with the above navigation when I come back
+    'later to build it.
+
+    'We use private subs to seperate different sections of the program. 
+    Private Sub HelloWorldOutput()
+        'Title of Console Application
+        Console.Title = "Hello World Ouput | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        'Use Console.Write("") or Console.WriteLine("") to print outputs.
+        'Followed by Console.Read() alternatively Console.Readline()
+        'Console.ReadLine() prints the output to the console.
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello World")
+        Console.ReadLine()
+    End Sub
+
+    'Two
+    Private Sub HelloWorldInput()
+        Console.Title = "Hello World YourName | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        ' Variables
+        ' Data entered by a user needs to be stored.
+        ' Variables also start with a Dim and end with an As VariableType.
+
+        ' In this tutorial, we want to know what your name, and make the program
+        ' respond to what is said.
+        Dim username As String
+        'We use string as string is a text based variable.
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello, What is your name? ") 'Ask the user their name.
+        username = Console.ReadLine() 'Stores the users name.
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello " + username) 'Output is Hello 'Their name'
+        Console.ReadLine() 'Outsputs the above.
+        'The above will ask you a question followed by printing your answer.
+        'Other variables include Integer and we use Integer for whole numbers.
+    End Sub
+
+    'Three
+    Private Sub CalculatingWholeNumbers()
+        Console.Title = "Calculating Whole Numbers | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        Console.Write("First number: ") 'Enter a whole number, 1, 2, 50, 104 ect
+        Dim a As Integer = Console.ReadLine()
+        Console.Write("Second number: ") 'Enter second whole number.
+        Dim b As Integer = Console.ReadLine()
+        Dim c As Integer = a + b
+        Console.WriteLine(c)
+        Console.ReadLine()
+        'The above is a simple calculator
+    End Sub
+
+    'Four
+    Private Sub CalculatingDecimalNumbers()
+        Console.Title = "Calculating with Double | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        'Of course we would like to be able to add up decimals.
+        'Therefore we could change the above from Integer to Double.
+
+        'Enter a whole number, 1.2, 2.4, 50.1, 104.9 ect
+        Console.Write("First number: ")
+        Dim a As Double = Console.ReadLine
+        Console.Write("Second number: ") 'Enter second whole number.
+        Dim b As Double = Console.ReadLine
+        Dim c As Double = a + b
+        Console.WriteLine(c)
+        Console.ReadLine()
+        'Therefore the above program can add up 1.1 - 2.2
+    End Sub
+
+    'Five
+    Private Sub WorkingCalculator()
+        Console.Title = "The Working Calculator| Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        'However if you'd like the calculator to subtract, divide, multiple and
+        'add up.
+        'Copy and paste the above again.
+        Console.Write("First number: ")
+        Dim a As Double = Console.ReadLine
+        Console.Write("Second number: ") 'Enter second whole number.
+        Dim b As Integer = Console.ReadLine
+        Dim c As Integer = a + b
+        Dim d As Integer = a * b
+        Dim e As Integer = a - b
+        Dim f As Integer = a / b
+
+        'By adding the below lines we are able to calculate the subtract,
+        'multply as well as divide the a and b values
+        Console.Write(a.ToString() + " + " + b.ToString())
+        'We want to pad the answers to the left by 3 spaces.
+        Console.WriteLine(" = " + c.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+        Console.Write(a.ToString() + " * " + b.ToString())
+        Console.WriteLine(" = " + d.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+        Console.Write(a.ToString() + " - " + b.ToString())
+        Console.WriteLine(" = " + e.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+        Console.Write(a.ToString() + " / " + b.ToString())
+        Console.WriteLine(" = " + e.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+        Console.ReadLine()
+
+    End Sub
+
+    'Six
+    Private Sub UsingDoWhileLoops()
+        'Just as the previous private sub
+        'This Time We Ask If The User Wishes To Continue (Yes or No?)
+        'We're using Do While Loop as we're unsure if the user wants to use the
+        'program more than once.
+        Console.Title = "UsingDoWhileLoops | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        Dim answer As String 'We use the variable "String" as the answer is text
+        Do 'We start the program with 
+            Console.Write("First number: ")
+            Dim a As Double = Console.ReadLine
+            Console.Write("Second number: ")
+            Dim b As Integer = Console.ReadLine
+            Dim c As Integer = a + b
+            Dim d As Integer = a * b
+            Dim e As Integer = a - b
+            Dim f As Integer = a / b
+
+            Console.Write(a.ToString() + " + " + b.ToString())
+            Console.WriteLine(" = " + c.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+            Console.Write(a.ToString() + " * " + b.ToString())
+            Console.WriteLine(" = " + d.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+            Console.Write(a.ToString() + " - " + b.ToString())
+            Console.WriteLine(" = " + e.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+            Console.Write(a.ToString() + " / " + b.ToString())
+            Console.WriteLine(" = " + e.ToString.PadLeft(3))
+            Console.ReadLine()
+            'Ask the question, does the user wish to continue? Unfortunately it
+            'is case sensitive. 
+            Console.Write("Would you like to continue? (yes / no)")
+            'The program grabs the variable and prints and starts again.
+            answer = Console.ReadLine
+        'The command for the variable to work would be in this case "yes"
+        Loop While answer = "yes"
+
+    End Sub
+
+    'Seven
+    Private Sub UsingForLoops()
+        'Sometimes the program only needs to run once.
+        'In this program we'll be counting down from 10.
+
+        Console.Title = "Using For Loops | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        'Declare Variable and what number it should count down in Step -1,
+        'Step -2, Step -3 ect. 
+        For i As Integer = 10 To 0 Step -1 
+            Console.WriteLine(i.ToString) 'Print the value of the counter
+        Next i 'Calculate new value
+        Console.WriteLine("Start") 'Lets start the program baby!!
+        Console.ReadLine() 'POW!! - Perhaps I got a little excited then :)
+    End Sub
+
+    'Eight
+    Private Sub ConditionalStatement()
+        Console.Title = "Conditional Statements | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        Dim userName As String = Console.ReadLine
+        Console.WriteLine("Hello, What is your name? ") 'Ask the user their name.
+        userName = Console.ReadLine() 'Stores the users name.
+        If userName = "Adam" Then
+            Console.WriteLine("Hello Adam")
+            Console.WriteLine("Thanks for creating this useful site")
+            Console.ReadLine()
+        Else
+            Console.WriteLine("Hello " + userName)
+            Console.WriteLine("Have you checked out www.learnxinyminutes.com")
+            Console.ReadLine() 'Ends and prints the above statement.
+        End If
+    End Sub
+
+    'Nine
+    Private Sub IfElseStatement()
+    Console.Title = "If / Else Statement | Learn X in Y Minutes"
+        'Sometimes its important to consider more than two alternatives.
+        'Sometimes there are a good few others.
+        'When this is the case, more than one if statement would be required.
+        'An if statement is great for vending machines. Where the user enters a code.
+        'A1, A2, A3, ect to select an item.
+        'All choices can be combined into a single if statement.
+
+        Dim selection As String = Console.ReadLine 'Value for selection
+            Console.WriteLine("A1. for 7Up")
+            Console.WriteLine("A2. for Fanta")
+            Console.WriteLine("A3. for Dr. Pepper")
+            Console.WriteLine("A4. for Diet Coke")
+            Console.ReadLine()
+            If selection = "A1" Then
+                Console.WriteLine("7up")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            ElseIf selection = "A2" Then
+                Console.WriteLine("fanta")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            ElseIf selection = "A3" Then
+                Console.WriteLine("dr. pepper")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            ElseIf selection = "A4" Then
+                Console.WriteLine("diet coke")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            Else
+                Console.WriteLine("Please select a product")
+                Console.ReadLine()
+            End If
+
+    End Sub
+
+End Module
+
+```
+
+## References
+
+I learnt Visual Basic in the console application. It allowed me to understand the principles of computer programming to go on to learn other programming languages easily. 
+
+I created a more indepth <a href="http://www.vbbootcamp.co.uk/" Title="Visual Basic Tutorial">Visual Basic tutorial</a> for those who would like to learn more. 
+
+The entire syntax is valid. Copy the and paste in to the Visual Basic compiler and run (F5) the program. 
diff --git a/whip.html.markdown b/whip.html.markdown
index 3fe9b2f4..b8852ecb 100644
--- a/whip.html.markdown
+++ b/whip.html.markdown
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ It has also borrowed a lot of functions and syntax from Haskell(a non-related la
 
 These docs were written by the creator of the language himself. So is this line.
 
-``` lisp
-; Comments are like LISP. Semi-solons...
+```scheme
+; Comments are like LISP. Semi-colons...
 
 ; Majority of first-level statements are inside "forms"
 ; which are just things inside parens separated by whitespace
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ undefined ; user to indicate a value that hasn't been set
 ; They basically are just forms without functions at the beginning.
 (1 2 3) ; => [1, 2, 3] (JavaScript syntax)
 
-; Dictionaries are Whip's equivalent to JavaScript 'objects' or Python 'dictionaries'
+; Dictionaries are Whip's equivalent to JavaScript 'objects' or Python 'dicts'
 ; or Ruby 'hashes': an unordered collection of key-value pairs.
 {"key1":"value1" "key2":2 3:3}
 
 ; Keys are just values, either identifier, number, or string.
 (def my_dict {my_key:"my_value" "my other key":4})
-; But in Whip, dictionaries get parsed like: value, colon, value; with whitespace between each.
-; So that means
+; But in Whip, dictionaries get parsed like: value, colon, value;
+; with whitespace between each. So that means
 {"key": "value"
 "another key"
 : 1234
@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ undefined ; user to indicate a value that hasn't been set
 ; is evaluated to the same as
 {"key":"value" "another key":1234}
 
-; Dictionary definitions can be accessed used the `at` function, like strings and lists.
+; Dictionary definitions can be accessed used the `at` function
+; (like strings and lists.)
 (@ "my other key" my_dict) ; => 4
 
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
diff --git a/zh-cn/c-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/c-cn.html.markdown
index ed55203c..f8a8e0bd 100755
--- a/zh-cn/c-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/c-cn.html.markdown
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 language: c
 filename: learnc.c
 contributors:
-    - ["Adam Bard", "http://adambard.com/"]
+    - ["Adam Bard", "http://adambard.com/"]
 translators:
-	- ["Chenbo Li", "http://binarythink.net/"]
+    - ["Chenbo Li", "http://binarythink.net/"]
+lang: zh-cn
 ---
 
 C语言在今天仍然是高性能计算的主要选择。
diff --git a/zh-cn/elisp-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/elisp-cn.html.markdown
index d9a8ce35..c3a2f927 100755
--- a/zh-cn/elisp-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/elisp-cn.html.markdown
@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@ language: elisp
 contributors:
     - ["Bastien Guerry", "http://bzg.fr"]
 translators:
-	- ["Chenbo Li", "http://binarythink.net"]
+    - ["Chenbo Li", "http://binarythink.net"]
 filename: learn-emacs-lisp.el
+lang: zh-cn
 ---
 
 ```scheme
-;; 15分钟学会Emacs Lisp (v0.2a) （作者：bzg，https://github.com/bzg  译者：lichenbo，http://douban.com/people/lichenbo）
+;; 15分钟学会Emacs Lisp (v0.2a)
+;;（作者：bzg，https://github.com/bzg 
+;;  译者：lichenbo，http://douban.com/people/lichenbo）
 ;;
 ;; 请先阅读Peter Norvig的一篇好文:
 ;; http://norvig.com/21-days.html
@@ -301,7 +304,8 @@ filename: learn-emacs-lisp.el
                            (list 'face 'bold)))
     (other-window 1))
  
-;; 这个函数使用了 `re-search-forward': 和查找一个字符串不同，你用这个命令可以查找一个模式，即正则表达式
+;; 这个函数使用了 `re-search-forward':
+;; 和查找一个字符串不同，你用这个命令可以查找一个模式，即正则表达式
  
 ;; 正则表达式 "Bonjour \\(.+\\)!" 的意思是:
 ;; 字符串 "Bonjour ", 之后跟着
diff --git a/zh-cn/java-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/java-cn.html.markdown
index 4db4e91e..b9ccf61a 100755
--- a/zh-cn/java-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/java-cn.html.markdown
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 ---
-
+name: java
+category: language
 language: java
+lang: zh-cn
+filename: LearnJava.java
 contributors:
     - ["Jake Prather", "http://github.com/JakeHP"]
 translators:
-	- ["Chenbo Li", "http://binarythink.net"]
-filename: LearnJava.java
-
+    - ["Chenbo Li", "http://binarythink.net"]
 ---
 
 Java是一个通用的程序语言, 包含并发, 基于类的面向对象等特性
diff --git a/zh-cn/javascript.html.markdown b/zh-cn/javascript.html.markdown
index dd04c8a5..3b5cfa94 100755
--- a/zh-cn/javascript.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/javascript.html.markdown
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 ---
 language: javascript
-author: Adam Brenecki
-author_url: http://adam.brenecki.id.au
-translator: Chenbo Li
-translator_url: http://binarythink.net
+category: language
+name: javascript
+contributors:
+    - ["Adam Brenecki", "http://adam.brenecki.id.au"]
+translators:
+    - ["Chenbo Li", "http://binarythink.net"]
+lang: zh-cn
 ---
 
 Javascript于1995年由网景公司的Brendan Eich发明。
diff --git a/zh-cn/php-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/php-cn.html.markdown
index e3dfe419..3b242ce1 100755
--- a/zh-cn/php-cn.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-cn/php-cn.html.markdown
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ contributors:
     - ["Malcolm Fell", "http://emarref.net/"]
     - ["Trismegiste", "https://github.com/Trismegiste"]
 translators:
-	- ["Chenbo Li", "http://binarythink.net"]
+    - ["Chenbo Li", "http://binarythink.net"]
 filename: learnphp.php
+lang: zh-cn
 ---
 
 这份教程所使用的版本是 PHP 5+.