erlang: add content about concurrency

erlang.html.markdown

@@ -241,6 +241,45 @@ catcher(N) ->
 % exception, it is converted into a tuple that describes the error.
 catcher(N) -> catch generate_exception(N).
 
+
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% 4. Concurrency
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+% Erlang relies on the actor model for concurrency. All we need to write
+% concurrent programs in erlang are three primitives: spawning processes,
+% sending messages and receiving messages.
+
+% To start a new process we use the `spawn` function, which takes a function
+% as argument.
+
+F = fun() -> 2 + 2 end. % #Fun<erl_eval.20.67289768>
+spawn(F). % <0.44.0>
+
+% `spawn` returns a pid (process identifier), you can use this pid to send
+% messages to the process. To do message passing we use the `!` operator.
+% For all of this to be useful we need to be able to receive messages. This is
+% achieved with the `receive` mechanism:
+
+-module(caculateGeometry).
+-compile(export_all).
+caculateAera() ->
+    receive
+      {rectangle, W, H} ->
+        W * H;
+      {circle, R} ->
+        3.14 * R * R;
+      _ ->
+        io:format("We can only caculate area of rectangles or circles.")
+    end.
+    
+% Compile the module and create a process that evaluates `caculateAera` in the shell
+c(caculateGeometry).
+CaculateAera = spawn(caculateGeometry, caculateAera, []).
+CaculateAera ! {circle, 2}. % 12.56000000000000049738
+
+% The shell is also a process, you can use `self` to get the current pid
+self(). % <0.41.0>
+
 ```
 
 ## References