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Revamping Powershell
Changing to reflect current capabilities and draw similarities to other languages in terms of capabilities
This commit is contained in:
Andrew Ryan Davis
parent
177e5013c1
commit
b30a88cd31
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ category: tool
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tool: powershell
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contributors:
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- ["Wouter Van Schandevijl", "https://github.com/laoujin"]
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- ["Andrew Ryan Davis", "https://github.com/AndrewDavis1191"]
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filename: LearnPowershell.ps1
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---
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@ -13,116 +14,347 @@ Nearly all examples below can be a part of a shell script or executed directly
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in the shell.
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A key difference with Bash is that it is mostly objects that you manipulate
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rather than plain text.
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rather than plain text. After years of evolving, it resembles Python a bit.
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[Read more here.](https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/scripting/overview)
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If you are uncertain about your environment:
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Powershell as a Language:
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```powershell
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Get-ExecutionPolicy -List
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Set-ExecutionPolicy AllSigned
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# Execution policies include:
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# - Restricted: Scripts won't run.
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# - RemoteSigned: Downloaded scripts run only if signed by a trusted publisher.
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# - AllSigned: Scripts need to be signed by a trusted publisher.
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# - Unrestricted: Run all scripts.
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help about_Execution_Policies # for more info
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# Current PowerShell version:
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$PSVersionTable
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```
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Getting help:
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```powershell
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# Find commands
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Get-Command about_* # alias: gcm
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Get-Command -Verb Add
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Get-Alias ps
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Get-Alias -Definition Get-Process
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Get-Help ps | less # alias: help
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ps | Get-Member # alias: gm
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Show-Command Get-EventLog # Display GUI to fill in the parameters
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Update-Help # Run as admin
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```
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The tutorial starts here:
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```powershell
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# As you already figured, comments start with #
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# Single line comments start with a number symbol.
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<#
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Multi-line comments
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like so
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#>
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# Simple hello world example:
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echo Hello world!
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# echo is an alias for Write-Output (=cmdlet)
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# Most cmdlets and functions follow the Verb-Noun naming convention
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####################################################
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## 1. Primitive Datatypes and Operators
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####################################################
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# Each command starts on a new line, or after a semicolon:
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echo 'This is the first line'; echo 'This is the second line'
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# Numbers
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3 # => 3
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# Declaring a variable looks like this:
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$aString="Some string"
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# Or like this:
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$aNumber = 5 -as [double]
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$aList = 1,2,3,4,5
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# Reverse an array *Note this is a mutation on the existing array
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[array]::Reverse($aList)
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$anEmptyList = @()
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$aString = $aList -join '--' # yes, -split exists also
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$aHashtable = @{name1='val1'; name2='val2'}
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# Math
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1 + 1 # => 2
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8 - 1 # => 7
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10 * 2 # => 20
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35 / 5 # => 7.0
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# Using variables:
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echo $aString
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echo "Interpolation: $aString"
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echo "$aString has length of $($aString.Length)"
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echo '$aString'
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echo @"
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This is a Here-String
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$aString
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"@
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# Note that ' (single quote) won't expand the variables!
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# Here-Strings also work with single quote
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# Powershell uses banker's rounding
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# Meaning [int]1.5 would round to 2 but so would [int]2.5
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# division always returns a float. You must cast result to [int] to round
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[int]5 / [int]3 # => 1.66666666666667
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[int]-5 / [int]3 # => -1.66666666666667
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5.0 / 3.0 # => 1.66666666666667
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-5.0 / 3.0 # => -1.66666666666667
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[int]$result = 5 / 3 # => 2
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# Builtin variables:
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# There are some useful builtin variables, like
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echo "Booleans: $TRUE and $FALSE"
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echo "Empty value: $NULL"
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echo "Last program's return value: $?"
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echo "Exit code of last run Windows-based program: $LastExitCode"
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echo "The last token in the last line received by the session: $$"
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echo "The first token: $^"
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echo "Script's PID: $PID"
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echo "Full path of current script directory: $PSScriptRoot"
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echo 'Full path of current script: ' + $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path
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echo "FUll path of current directory: $Pwd"
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echo "Bound arguments in a function, script or code block: $PSBoundParameters"
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echo "Unbound arguments: $($Args -join ', ')."
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# More builtins: `help about_Automatic_Variables`
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# Modulo operation
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7 % 3 # => 1
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# Find the datatype of variables or properties you're working with
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$true.GetType()
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$aHashtable.name2.GetType()
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# Exponentiation requires longform or the built-in [Math] class
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[Math]::Pow(2,3) # => 8
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# Inline another file (dot operator)
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. .\otherScriptName.ps1
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# Enforce order of operations with parentheses
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1 + 3 * 2 # => 7
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(1 + 3) * 2 # => 8
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# Boolean values are primitives (Note: the $)
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$True # => True
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$False # => False
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# negate with !
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!$True # => False
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!$False # => True
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# Boolean Operators
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# Note "-and" and "-or" usage
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$True -and $False # => False
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$False -or $True # => True
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# True and False are actually 1 and 0 but only support limited arithmetic
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# However, casting the bool to int resolves this
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$True + $True # => 2
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$True * 8 # => '[System.Boolean] * [System.Int32]' is undefined
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[int]$True * 8 # => 8
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$False - 5 # => -5
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# Comparison operators look at the numerical value of True and False
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0 -eq $False # => True
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1 -eq $True # => True
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2 -eq $True # => False
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-5 -ne $False # => True
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# Using boolean logical operators on ints casts them to booleans for evaluation
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# but their non-cast value is returned
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# Don't mix up with bool(ints) and bitwise and/or (&,|)
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[bool](0) # => False
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[bool](4) # => True
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[bool](-6) # => True
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0 -and 2 # => 0
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-5 -or 0 # => -5
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# Equality is -eq (equals)
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1 -eq 1 # => True
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2 -eq 1 # => False
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# Inequality is -ne (notequals)
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1 -ne 1 # => False
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2 -ne 1 # => True
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# More comparisons
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1 -lt 10 # => True
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1 -gt 10 # => False
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2 -le 2 # => True
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2 -ge 2 # => True
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# Seeing whether a value is in a range
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1 -lt 2 -and 2 -lt 3 # => True
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2 -lt 3 -and 3 -lt 2 # => False
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# (-is vs. -eq) -is checks if two objects are the same type
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# -eq checks if the objects have the same values.
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[System.Collections.ArrayList]$a = @() # Point a at a new list
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$a = (1,2,3,4)
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$b = $a # => Point b at what a is pointing to
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$b -is $a.getType() # => True, a and b equal same type
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$b -eq $a # => True, a and b values are equal
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[System.Collections.Hashtable]$b = @{} # => Point a at a new hash table
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$b = @{'one' = 1
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'two' = 2}
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$b -is $a.GetType() # => False, a and b types not equal
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# Strings are created with " or ' but " is required for string interpolation
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"This is a string."
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'This is also a string.'
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# Strings can be added too! But try not to do this.
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"Hello " + "world!" # => "Hello world!"
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# A string can be treated like a list of characters
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"Hello world!"[0] # => 'H'
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# You can find the length of a string
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("This is a string").Length # => 16
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# You can also format using f-strings or formatted string literals
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$name = "Steve"
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$age = 22
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"He said his name is $name." # => "He said his name is Steve"
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“{0} said he is {1} years old.” -f $name, $age # => "Steve said he is 22 years old"
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"$name's name is $($name.Length) characters long." # => "Steve's name is 5 characters long."
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# $null is not an object
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$null # => None
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# $null, 0, and empty strings and arrays all evaluate to False.
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# All other values are True
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function test ($value) {
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if ($value) {Write-Output 'True'}
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else {Write-Output 'False'}
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}
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test ($null) # => False
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test (0) # => False
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test ("") # => False
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test [] # => True
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test ({}) # => True
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test @() # => False
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####################################################
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## 2. Variables and Collections
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####################################################
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# Powershell uses the "Write-Output" function to print
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Write-Output "I'm Powershell. Nice to meet you!" # => I'm Powershell. Nice to meet you!
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# Simple way to get input data from console
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$userInput = Read-Host "Enter some data: " # Returns the data as a string
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# There are no declarations, only assignments.
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# Convention is to use camelCase or PascalCase, whatever your team uses.
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$someVariable = 5
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$someVariable # => 5
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# Accessing a previously unassigned variable does not throw exception.
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# The value is $null by default
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# Ternary Operators exist in Powershell 7 and up
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0 ? 'yes' : 'no' # => no
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# The default array object in Powershell is an immutable array
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$defaultArray = "thing","thing2","thing3"
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# you are unable to add or remove objects
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$defaultArray.Add("thing4") # => Exception "Collection was of a fixed size."
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# To have a mutable array, you will need to use the .NET ArrayList class
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# ArrayLists store sequences
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[System.Collections.ArrayList]$array = @()
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# You can start with a prefilled ArrayList
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[System.Collections.ArrayList]$otherArray = @(4, 5, 6)
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# Add stuff to the end of a list with add (Note: it produces output, so append to $null)
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$array.add(1) > $null # $array is now [1]
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$array.add(2) > $null # $array is now [1, 2]
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$array.add(4) > $null # $array is now [1, 2, 4]
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$array.add(3) > $null # $array is now [1, 2, 4, 3]
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# Remove from the end with index of count of objects-1 as arrays are indexed starting 0
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$array.RemoveAt($array.Count-1) # => 3 and array is now [1, 2, 4]
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# Let's put it back
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$array.Add(3) > $null # array is now [1, 2, 4, 3] again.
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# Access a list like you would any array
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$array[0] # => 1
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# Look at the last element
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$array[-1] # => 3
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# Looking out of bounds returns nothing
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$array[4] # blank line returned
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# You can look at ranges with slice syntax.
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# The start index is included, the end index is not
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# (It's a closed/open range for you mathy types.)
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$array[1..3] # Return array from index 1 to 3 => [2, 4]
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$array[2..-1] # Return array starting from index 2 => [4, 3]
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$array[0..3] # Return array from beginning until index 3 => [1, 2, 4]
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$array[0..2] # Return array selecting every second entry => [1, 4]
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$array.Reverse() # mutates array to reverse order => [3, 4, 2, 1]
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# Use any combination of these to make advanced slices
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# Remove arbitrary elements from a array with "del"
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$array.Remove($array[2]) # $array is now [1, 2, 3]
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# Insert an element at a specific index
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$array.Insert(1, 2) # $array is now [1, 2, 3] again
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# Get the index of the first item found matching the argument
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$array.IndexOf(2) # => 1
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$array.IndexOf(6) # Returns -1 as "outside array"
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# You can add arrays
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# Note: values for $array and for $otherArray are not modified.
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$array + $otherArray # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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# Concatenate arrays with "AddRange()"
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$array.AddRange($otherArray) # Now $array is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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# Check for existence in a array with "in"
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1 -in $array # => True
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# Examine the length with "Count" (Note: Length method on arrayList = each items length)
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$array.Count # => 6
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### Control Flow
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# We have the usual if structure:
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if ($Age -is [string]) {
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echo 'But.. $Age cannot be a string!'
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} elseif ($Age -lt 12 -and $Age -gt 0) {
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echo 'Child (Less than 12. Greater than 0)'
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} else {
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echo 'Adult'
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# Tuples are like arrays but are immutable.
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# To use Tuples in powershell, you must use the .NET tuple class
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$tuple = [System.Tuple]::Create(1, 2, 3)
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$tuple.Item(0) # => 1
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$tuple.Item(0) = 3 # Raises a TypeError
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# You can do some of the array methods on tuples, but they are limited
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$tuple.Length # => 3
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$tuple + (4, 5, 6) # => Exception
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$tuple[0..2] # => $null
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2 -in $tuple # => False
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# Hashtables store mappings from keys to values, similar to Dictionaries
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$emptyHash = @{}
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# Here is a prefilled dictionary
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$filledHash = @{"one"= 1
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"two"= 2
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"three"= 3}
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# Look up values with []
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$filledHash["one"] # => 1
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# Get all keys as an iterable with ".Keys".
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# items maintain the order at which they are inserted into the dictionary.
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$filledHash.keys # => ["one", "two", "three"]
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# Get all values as an iterable with ".Values".
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$filledHash.values # => [1, 2, 3]
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# Check for existence of keys or values in a hash with "-in"
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"one" -in $filledHash.Keys # => True
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1 -in $filledHash.Values # => False
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# Looking up a non-existing key returns $null
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$filledHash["four"] # $null
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# Adding to a dictionary
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$filledHash.Add("five",5) # $filledHash["five"] is set to 5
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$filledHash.Add("five",6) # exception "Item with key "five" has already been added"
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$filledHash["four"] = 4 # $filledHash["four"] is set to 4, run again and it does nothing
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# Remove keys from a dictionary with del
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$filledHash.Remove("one") # Removes the key "one" from filled dict
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####################################################
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## 3. Control Flow and Iterables
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####################################################
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# Let's just make a variable
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$someVar = 5
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# Here is an if statement.
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# This prints "$someVar is smaller than 10"
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if ($someVar -gt 10) {
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Write-Output "$someVar is bigger than 10."
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}
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elseif ($someVar -lt 10) { # This elseif clause is optional.
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Write-Output "$someVar is smaller than 10."
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}
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else { # This is optional too.
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Write-Output "$someVar is indeed 10."
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}
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<#
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Foreach loops iterate over arrays
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prints:
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dog is a mammal
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cat is a mammal
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mouse is a mammal
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#>
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foreach ($animal in ("dog", "cat", "mouse")) {
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# You can use -f to interpolate formatted strings
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"{0} is a mammal" -f $animal
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}
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<#
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For loops iterate over arrays and you can specify indices
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prints:
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0 a
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1 b
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2 c
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3 d
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4 e
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5 f
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6 g
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7 h
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#>
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$letters = ('a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h')
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for($i=0; $i -le $letters.Count-1; $i++){
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Write-Host $i, $letters[$i]
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}
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<#
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While loops go until a condition is no longer met.
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prints:
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0
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1
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2
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3
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#>
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$x = 0
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while ($x -lt 4) {
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Write-Output $x
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$x += 1 # Shorthand for x = x + 1
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}
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# Switch statements are more powerful compared to most languages
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@ -137,85 +369,52 @@ switch($val) {
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default { "Others" }
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}
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# The classic for
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for($i = 1; $i -le 10; $i++) {
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"Loop number $i"
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# Handle exceptions with a try/catch block
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try {
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# Use "throw" to raise an error
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throw "This is an error"
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}
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# Or shorter
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1..10 | % { "Loop number $_" }
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# PowerShell also offers
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foreach ($var in 'val1','val2','val3') { echo $var }
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# while () {}
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# do {} while ()
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# do {} until ()
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# Exception handling
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try {} catch {} finally {}
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try {} catch [System.NullReferenceException] {
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echo $_.Exception | Format-List -Force
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catch {
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Write-Output $Error.ExceptionMessage
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}
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finally {
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Write-Output "We can clean up resources here"
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}
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### Providers
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# List files and directories in the current directory
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ls # or `dir`
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cd ~ # goto home
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|
||||
Get-Alias ls # -> Get-ChildItem
|
||||
# Uh!? These cmdlets have generic names because unlike other scripting
|
||||
# languages, PowerShell does not only operate in the current directory.
|
||||
cd HKCU: # go to the HKEY_CURRENT_USER registry hive
|
||||
# Writing to a file
|
||||
$contents = @{"aa"= 12
|
||||
"bb"= 21}
|
||||
$contents | Export-CSV "$env:HOMEDRIVE\file.csv" # writes to a file
|
||||
|
||||
# Get all providers in your session
|
||||
Get-PSProvider
|
||||
$contents = "test string here"
|
||||
$contents | Out-File "$env:HOMEDRIVE\file.txt" # writes to another file
|
||||
|
||||
# Read file contents and convert to json
|
||||
Get-Content "$env:HOMEDRIVE\file.csv" | ConvertTo-Json
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Pipeline
|
||||
# Cmdlets have parameters that control their execution:
|
||||
Get-ChildItem -Filter *.txt -Name # Get just the name of all txt files
|
||||
# Only need to type as much of a parameter name until it is no longer ambiguous
|
||||
ls -fi *.txt -n # -f is not possible because -Force also exists
|
||||
# Use `Get-Help Get-ChildItem -Full` for a complete overview
|
||||
|
||||
# Results of the previous cmdlet can be passed to the next as input.
|
||||
# `$_` is the current object in the pipeline object.
|
||||
ls | Where-Object { $_.Name -match 'c' } | Export-CSV export.txt
|
||||
ls | ? { $_.Name -match 'c' } | ConvertTo-HTML | Out-File export.html
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
## 4. Functions
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# If you get confused in the pipeline use `Get-Member` for an overview
|
||||
# of the available methods and properties of the pipelined objects:
|
||||
ls | Get-Member
|
||||
Get-Date | gm
|
||||
|
||||
# ` is the line continuation character. Or end the line with a |
|
||||
Get-Process | Sort-Object ID -Descending | Select-Object -First 10 Name,ID,VM `
|
||||
| Stop-Process -WhatIf
|
||||
|
||||
Get-EventLog Application -After (Get-Date).AddHours(-2) | Format-List
|
||||
|
||||
# Use % as a shorthand for ForEach-Object
|
||||
('a','b','c') | ForEach-Object `
|
||||
-Begin { "Starting"; $counter = 0 } `
|
||||
-Process { "Processing $_"; $counter++ } `
|
||||
-End { "Finishing: $counter" }
|
||||
|
||||
# Get-Process as a table with three columns
|
||||
# The third column is the value of the VM property in MB and 2 decimal places
|
||||
# Computed columns can be written more verbose as:
|
||||
# `@{name='lbl';expression={$_}`
|
||||
ps | Format-Table ID,Name,@{n='VM(MB)';e={'{0:n2}' -f ($_.VM / 1MB)}} -autoSize
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Functions
|
||||
# The [string] attribute is optional.
|
||||
# Function names should follow Verb-Noun convention
|
||||
function Get-Foo([string]$name) {
|
||||
echo "Hey $name, have a function"
|
||||
# Use "function" to create new functions
|
||||
# Keep the Verb-Noun naming convention for functions
|
||||
function Add-Numbers {
|
||||
$args[0] + $args[1]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Calling your function
|
||||
Get-Foo "Say my name"
|
||||
Add-Numbers 1 2 # => 3
|
||||
|
||||
# Calling functions with parameters
|
||||
function Add-ParamNumbers {
|
||||
param( [int]$FirstNumber, [int]$SecondNumber )
|
||||
$FirstNumber + $SecondNumber
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Add-ParamNumbers -FirstNumber 1 -SecondNumber 2 # => 3
|
||||
|
||||
# Functions with named parameters, parameter attributes, parsable documentation
|
||||
<#
|
||||
@ -232,111 +431,268 @@ New-Website siteName 2000 # ERROR! Port argument could not be validated
|
||||
('name1','name2') | New-Website -Verbose
|
||||
#>
|
||||
function New-Website() {
|
||||
[CmdletBinding()]
|
||||
param (
|
||||
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$true, Mandatory=$true)]
|
||||
[Alias('name')]
|
||||
[string]$siteName,
|
||||
[ValidateSet(3000,5000,8000)]
|
||||
[int]$port = 3000
|
||||
)
|
||||
BEGIN { Write-Verbose 'Creating new website(s)' }
|
||||
PROCESS { echo "name: $siteName, port: $port" }
|
||||
END { Write-Verbose 'Website(s) created' }
|
||||
[CmdletBinding()]
|
||||
param (
|
||||
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$true, Mandatory=$true)]
|
||||
[Alias('name')]
|
||||
[string]$siteName,
|
||||
[ValidateSet(3000,5000,8000)]
|
||||
[int]$port = 3000
|
||||
)
|
||||
BEGIN { Write-Verbose 'Creating new website(s)' }
|
||||
PROCESS { echo "name: $siteName, port: $port" }
|
||||
END { Write-Verbose 'Website(s) created' }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### It's all .NET
|
||||
# A PS string is in fact a .NET System.String
|
||||
# All .NET methods and properties are thus available
|
||||
'string'.ToUpper().Replace('G', 'ggg')
|
||||
# Or more powershellish
|
||||
'string'.ToUpper() -replace 'G', 'ggg'
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
## 5. Modules
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# Unsure how that .NET method is called again?
|
||||
'string' | gm
|
||||
# You can import modules and install modules
|
||||
# The Install-Module is similar to pip or npm, pulls from Powershell Gallery
|
||||
Install-Module dbaTools
|
||||
Import-Module dbaTools
|
||||
|
||||
# Syntax for calling static .NET methods
|
||||
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.VisualBasic')
|
||||
|
||||
# Note that .NET functions MUST be called with parentheses
|
||||
# while PS functions CANNOT be called with parentheses.
|
||||
# If you do call a cmdlet/PS function with parentheses,
|
||||
# it is the same as passing a single parameter list
|
||||
$writer = New-Object System.IO.StreamWriter($path, $true)
|
||||
$writer.Write([Environment]::NewLine)
|
||||
$writer.Dispose()
|
||||
|
||||
### IO
|
||||
# Reading a value from input:
|
||||
$Name = Read-Host "What's your name?"
|
||||
echo "Hello, $Name!"
|
||||
[int]$Age = Read-Host "What's your age?"
|
||||
|
||||
# Test-Path, Split-Path, Join-Path, Resolve-Path
|
||||
# Get-Content filename # returns a string[]
|
||||
# Set-Content, Add-Content, Clear-Content
|
||||
Get-Command ConvertTo-*,ConvertFrom-*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Useful stuff
|
||||
# Refresh your PATH
|
||||
$env:PATH = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "Machine") +
|
||||
";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "User")
|
||||
|
||||
# Find Python in path
|
||||
$env:PATH.Split(";") | Where-Object { $_ -like "*python*"}
|
||||
|
||||
# Change working directory without having to remember previous path
|
||||
Push-Location c:\temp # change working directory to c:\temp
|
||||
Pop-Location # change back to previous working directory
|
||||
# Aliases are: pushd and popd
|
||||
|
||||
# Unblock a directory after download
|
||||
Get-ChildItem -Recurse | Unblock-File
|
||||
|
||||
# You can also pass arguments to a Function with a hash table
|
||||
# This is called Splatting
|
||||
# Normal Command
|
||||
Export-Csv -InputObject $csv -Path 'c:\mypath' -Encoding UTF8 -NoTypeInformation
|
||||
# With Splatting
|
||||
$csvArguments = @{
|
||||
InputObject = $csv
|
||||
Path = 'c:\mypath'
|
||||
Encoding = 'UTF8'
|
||||
NoTypeInformation = $true
|
||||
$query = "SELECT * FROM dbo.sometable"
|
||||
$queryParams = @{
|
||||
SqlInstance = 'testInstance'
|
||||
Database = 'testDatabase'
|
||||
Query = $query
|
||||
}
|
||||
Export-Csv @csvArguments
|
||||
Invoke-DbaQuery @queryParams
|
||||
|
||||
# Open Windows Explorer in working directory
|
||||
Invoke-Item .
|
||||
# Or the alias
|
||||
ii .
|
||||
# You can get specific functions from a module
|
||||
Import-Module -Function Invoke-DbaQuery
|
||||
|
||||
# Any key to exit
|
||||
$host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey()
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
# Create a shortcut
|
||||
$WshShell = New-Object -comObject WScript.Shell
|
||||
$Shortcut = $WshShell.CreateShortcut($link)
|
||||
$Shortcut.TargetPath = $file
|
||||
$Shortcut.WorkingDirectory = Split-Path $file
|
||||
$Shortcut.Save()
|
||||
# Powershell modules are just ordinary Posh files. You
|
||||
# can write your own, and import them. The name of the
|
||||
# module is the same as the name of the file.
|
||||
|
||||
# You can find out which functions and attributes
|
||||
# are defined in a module.
|
||||
Get-Command -module dbaTools
|
||||
Get-Help dbaTools -Full
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
## 6. Classes
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# We use the "class" statement to create a class
|
||||
class Instrument {
|
||||
[string]$Type
|
||||
[string]$Family
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
$instrument = [Instrument]::new()
|
||||
$instrument.Type = "String Instrument"
|
||||
$instrument.Family = "Plucked String"
|
||||
|
||||
$instrument
|
||||
|
||||
<# Output:
|
||||
Type Family
|
||||
---- ------
|
||||
String Instrument Plucked String
|
||||
#>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
## 6.1 Inheritance
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# Inheritance allows new child classes to be defined that inherit methods and
|
||||
# variables from their parent class.
|
||||
|
||||
class Guitar : Instrument
|
||||
{
|
||||
[string]$Brand
|
||||
[string]$SubType
|
||||
[string]$ModelType
|
||||
[string]$ModelNumber
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
$myGuitar = [Guitar]::new()
|
||||
$myGuitar.Brand = "Taylor"
|
||||
$myGuitar.SubType = "Acoustic"
|
||||
$myGuitar.ModelType = "Presentation"
|
||||
$myGuitar.ModelNumber = "PS14ce Blackwood"
|
||||
|
||||
$myGuitar.GetType()
|
||||
|
||||
<#
|
||||
IsPublic IsSerial Name BaseType
|
||||
-------- -------- ---- --------
|
||||
True False Guitar Instrument
|
||||
#>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
## 7. Advanced
|
||||
####################################################
|
||||
|
||||
# The powershell pipeline allows us to do things like High-Order Functions
|
||||
|
||||
# Group Object is a handy command that does incredible things for us
|
||||
# It works much like a GROUP BY in SQL would
|
||||
|
||||
<#
|
||||
The following will get all the running processes
|
||||
Group them by Name
|
||||
And tell us how many instances of each process we have running
|
||||
Tip: Chrome and svcHost are usually big numbers in this regard
|
||||
#>
|
||||
Get-Process | Foreach ProcessName | Group-Object
|
||||
|
||||
<#
|
||||
Asynchronous functions exist in the form of jobs
|
||||
Typically a procedural language
|
||||
Powershell can operate many non-blocking functions when invoked as Jobs
|
||||
#>
|
||||
|
||||
# This function is commonly known to be non-optimized, and therefore slow
|
||||
$installedApps = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Product
|
||||
|
||||
# If we had a script, it would hang at this func for a period of time
|
||||
$scriptBlock = {Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Product}
|
||||
Start-Job -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock
|
||||
|
||||
# This will start a background job that runs the command
|
||||
# You can then obtain the status of jobs and their returned results
|
||||
$allJobs = Get-Job
|
||||
$JobResponse = Get-Job | Receive-Job
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Math is built in to powershell and has many functions
|
||||
$r=2
|
||||
$pi=[math]::pi
|
||||
$r2=[math]::pow( $r, 2 )
|
||||
$Area = $pi*$r2
|
||||
$Area
|
||||
|
||||
# To see all possibilities, check the members
|
||||
[System.Math] | Get-Member -Static -MemberType All
|
||||
|
||||
<#
|
||||
This is a silly one
|
||||
You may one day be asked to create a func that could take $start and $end
|
||||
and reverse anything in an array within the given range
|
||||
based on an arbitrary array
|
||||
Let's see one way to do that
|
||||
#>
|
||||
|
||||
$testArray = 'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n'
|
||||
|
||||
function Reverse-Range ($start, $end) {
|
||||
[System.Collections.ArrayList]$newArray = @()
|
||||
[System.Collections.ArrayList]$secondArray = @()
|
||||
[System.Collections.Stack]$stack = @()
|
||||
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $testArray.Length; $i++) {
|
||||
if ($i -lt $start) {
|
||||
$newArray.Add($testArray[$i]) > $null
|
||||
}
|
||||
elseif ($i -ge $start -and $i -le $end) {
|
||||
$stack.push($testArray[$i])
|
||||
}
|
||||
elseif ($i -gt $end) {
|
||||
$secondArray.Add($testArray[$i]) > $null
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
$endArray = $newArray + $stack.ToArray() + $secondArray
|
||||
Write-Output $endArray
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
Powershell as a Tool:
|
||||
|
||||
Getting Help:
|
||||
```Powershell
|
||||
# Find commands
|
||||
Get-Command about_* # alias: gcm
|
||||
Get-Command -Verb Add
|
||||
Get-Alias ps
|
||||
Get-Alias -Definition Get-Process
|
||||
|
||||
Get-Help ps | less # alias: help
|
||||
ps | Get-Member # alias: gm
|
||||
|
||||
Show-Command Get-EventLog # Display GUI to fill in the parameters
|
||||
|
||||
Update-Help # Run as admin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you are uncertain about your environment:
|
||||
```Powershell
|
||||
Get-ExecutionPolicy -List
|
||||
Set-ExecutionPolicy AllSigned
|
||||
# Execution policies include:
|
||||
# - Restricted: Scripts won't run.
|
||||
# - RemoteSigned: Downloaded scripts run only if signed by a trusted publisher.
|
||||
# - AllSigned: Scripts need to be signed by a trusted publisher.
|
||||
# - Unrestricted: Run all scripts.
|
||||
help about_Execution_Policies # for more info
|
||||
|
||||
Configuring your shell
|
||||
# Current PowerShell version:
|
||||
$PSVersionTable
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
# $Profile is the full path for your `Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1`
|
||||
# All code there will be executed when the PS session starts
|
||||
if (-not (Test-Path $Profile)) {
|
||||
New-Item -Type file -Path $Profile -Force
|
||||
notepad $Profile
|
||||
```Powershell
|
||||
# Remoting into computers is easy
|
||||
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName RemoteComputer
|
||||
# Once remoted in, you can run commands as if you're local
|
||||
RemoteComputer\PS> Get-Process powershell
|
||||
<#
|
||||
Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName
|
||||
------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------
|
||||
1096 44 156324 179068 29.92 11772 1 powershell
|
||||
545 25 49512 49852 25348 0 powershell
|
||||
#>
|
||||
RemoteComputer\PS> Exit-PSSession
|
||||
|
||||
<#
|
||||
Powershell is an incredible tool for Windows management and Automation
|
||||
Let's take the following scenario
|
||||
You have 10 servers
|
||||
You need to check whether a service is running on all of them
|
||||
You can RDP and log in, or PSSession to all of them, but why?
|
||||
Check out the following
|
||||
#>
|
||||
|
||||
$serverList = @(
|
||||
'server1',
|
||||
'server2',
|
||||
'server3',
|
||||
'server4',
|
||||
'server5',
|
||||
'server6',
|
||||
'server7',
|
||||
'server8',
|
||||
'server9',
|
||||
'server10'
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
[scriptblock]$Script = {
|
||||
Get-Service -DisplayName 'Task Scheduler'
|
||||
}
|
||||
# More info: `help about_profiles`
|
||||
# For a more useful shell, be sure to check the project PSReadLine below
|
||||
|
||||
foreach ($server in $serverList) {
|
||||
$CmdSplat = @{
|
||||
ComputerName = $Server
|
||||
JobName = 'checkService'
|
||||
ScriptBlock = $Script
|
||||
AsJob = $true
|
||||
ErrorAction = 'SilentlyContinue'
|
||||
}
|
||||
Invoke-Command @CmdSplat | Out-Null
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
<#
|
||||
Here we've invoked jobs across many servers
|
||||
We can now Receive-Job and see if they're all running
|
||||
Now scale this up 100x as many servers :)
|
||||
#>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Interesting Projects
|
||||
@ -350,10 +706,3 @@ Interesting Projects
|
||||
* [Pester](https://github.com/pester/Pester) BDD Testing Framework
|
||||
* [Jump-Location](https://github.com/tkellogg/Jump-Location) Powershell `cd` that reads your mind
|
||||
* [PowerShell Community Extensions](https://github.com/Pscx/Pscx)
|
||||
|
||||
Not covered
|
||||
|
||||
* WMI: Windows Management Intrumentation (Get-CimInstance)
|
||||
* Multitasking: Start-Job -scriptBlock {...},
|
||||
* Code Signing
|
||||
* Remoting (Enter-PSSession/Exit-PSSession; Invoke-Command)
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user