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Done with Chinese, mostly
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@ -123,8 +123,7 @@ False or True #=> True
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# None是一个对象
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# None是一个对象
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None # => None
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None # => None
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# Don't use the equality "==" symbol to compare objects to None
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# 当与None进行比较时不要用 ==,要用is。is是用来比较两个变量是否指向同一个对象。
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# Use "is" instead. This checks for equality of object identity.
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"etc" is None # => False
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"etc" is None # => False
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None is None # => True
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None is None # => True
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@ -482,52 +481,50 @@ filter(lambda x: x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) # => [6, 7]
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####################################################
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####################################################
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# We subclass from object to get a class.
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# 定义一个继承object的类
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class Human(object):
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class Human(object):
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# A class attribute. It is shared by all instances of this class
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# 类属性,被所有此类的实例共用。
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species = "H. sapiens"
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species = "H. sapiens"
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# Basic initializer, this is called when this class is instantiated.
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# 构造方法,当实例被初始化时被调用。注意名字前后的双下划线,这是表明这个属
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# Note that the double leading and trailing underscores denote objects
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# 性或方法对Python有特殊意义,但是允许用户自行定义。你自己取名时不应该用这
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# or attributes that are used by python but that live in user-controlled
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# 种格式。
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# namespaces. You should not invent such names on your own.
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def __init__(self, name):
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def __init__(self, name):
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# Assign the argument to the instance's name attribute
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# Assign the argument to the instance's name attribute
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self.name = name
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self.name = name
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# An instance method. All methods take "self" as the first argument
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# 实例方法,第一个参数总是self,就是这个实例对象
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def say(self, msg):
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def say(self, msg):
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return "{name}: {message}".format(name=self.name, message=msg)
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return "{name}: {message}".format(name=self.name, message=msg)
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# A class method is shared among all instances
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# 类方法,被所有此类的实例共用。第一个参数是这个类对象。
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# They are called with the calling class as the first argument
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@classmethod
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@classmethod
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def get_species(cls):
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def get_species(cls):
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return cls.species
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return cls.species
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# A static method is called without a class or instance reference
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# 静态方法。调用时没有实例或类的绑定。
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@staticmethod
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@staticmethod
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def grunt():
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def grunt():
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return "*grunt*"
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return "*grunt*"
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# Instantiate a class
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# 构造一个实例
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i = Human(name="Ian")
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i = Human(name="Ian")
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print(i.say("hi")) # prints out "Ian: hi"
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print(i.say("hi")) # 印出 "Ian: hi"
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j = Human("Joel")
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j = Human("Joel")
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print(j.say("hello")) # prints out "Joel: hello"
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print(j.say("hello")) # 印出 "Joel: hello"
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# Call our class method
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# 调用一个类方法
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i.get_species() # => "H. sapiens"
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i.get_species() # => "H. sapiens"
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# Change the shared attribute
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# 改一个共用的类属性
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Human.species = "H. neanderthalensis"
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Human.species = "H. neanderthalensis"
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i.get_species() # => "H. neanderthalensis"
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i.get_species() # => "H. neanderthalensis"
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j.get_species() # => "H. neanderthalensis"
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j.get_species() # => "H. neanderthalensis"
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# Call the static method
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# 调用静态方法
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Human.grunt() # => "*grunt*"
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Human.grunt() # => "*grunt*"
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