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@ -74,16 +74,18 @@ are passed to functions by value (i.e. copied) and classes are passed by referen
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we can use templates to parameterize all of these on both types and values!
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```c
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// Here, T is a type parameter. Think <T> from C++/C#/Java
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// Here, 'T' is a type parameter. Think '<T>' from C++/C#/Java.
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struct LinkedList(T) {
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T data = null;
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LinkedList!(T)* next; // The ! is used to instaniate a parameterized type. Again, think <T>
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// Use '!' to instantiate a parameterized type. Again, think '<T>'.
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LinkedList!(T)* next;
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}
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class BinTree(T) {
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T data = null;
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// If there is only one template parameter, we can omit the parentheses
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// If there is only one template parameter, we can omit the parentheses.
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BinTree!T left;
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BinTree!T right;
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}
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@ -98,13 +100,11 @@ enum Day {
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Saturday,
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}
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// Use alias to create abbreviations for types
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// Use alias to create abbreviations for types.
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alias IntList = LinkedList!int;
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alias NumTree = BinTree!double;
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// We can create function templates as well!
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T max(T)(T a, T b) {
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if(a < b)
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return b;
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@ -112,9 +112,8 @@ T max(T)(T a, T b) {
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return a;
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}
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// Use the ref keyword to ensure pass by referece.
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// That is, even if a and b are value types, they
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// will always be passed by reference to swap
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// Use the ref keyword to ensure pass by reference. That is, even if 'a' and 'b'
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// are value types, they will always be passed by reference to 'swap()'.
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void swap(T)(ref T a, ref T b) {
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auto temp = a;
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@ -122,13 +121,13 @@ void swap(T)(ref T a, ref T b) {
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b = temp;
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}
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// With templates, we can also parameterize on values, not just types
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// With templates, we can also parameterize on values, not just types.
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class Matrix(uint m, uint n, T = int) {
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T[m] rows;
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T[n] columns;
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}
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auto mat = new Matrix!(3, 3); // We've defaulted type T to int
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auto mat = new Matrix!(3, 3); // We've defaulted type 'T' to 'int'.
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```
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@ -138,21 +137,20 @@ have the syntax of POD structures (`structure.x = 7`) with the semantics of
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getter and setter methods (`object.setX(7)`)!
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```c
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// Consider a class parameterized on a types T, U
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// Consider a class parameterized on types 'T' & 'U'.
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class MyClass(T, U) {
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T _data;
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U _other;
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}
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// And "getter" and "setter" methods like so
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// And "getter" and "setter" methods like so:
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class MyClass(T, U) {
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T _data;
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U _other;
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// Constructors are always named `this`
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// Constructors are always named 'this'.
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this(T t, U u) {
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// This will call the setter methods below.
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data = t;
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other = u;
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}
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@ -175,8 +173,8 @@ class MyClass(T, U) {
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_other = u;
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}
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}
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// And we use them in this manner
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// And we use them in this manner:
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void main() {
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auto mc = MyClass!(int, string);
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