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add more doc details, some more examples

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Justin Donaldson 2013-08-22 16:38:07 -07:00
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haxe.html.markdown
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@ -16,27 +16,37 @@ references.
Welcome to Learn Haxe 3 in 15 minutes. http://www.haxe.org
This is an executable tutorial. You can compile and run it using the haxe
compiler, while in the same directory as LearnHaxe.hx:
haxe -main LearnHaxe3 -x out
$> haxe -main LearnHaxe3 -x out
Look for the slash-star marks surrounding these paragraphs. We are inside
a "Multiline comment". We can leave some notes here that will get ignored
by the compiler.
Multiline comments are also used to generate javadoc-style documentation for
haxedoc. They will be used for haxedoc if they immediately precede a class,
class function, or class variable.
*/
// Let's start with comments... this is a single line comment
// Double slashes like this will give a single-line comment
/*
And this is multiline. Multiline comments are also used to generate
javadoc-style documentation for haxedoc. They will be used if they precede
a class, class function, or class variable.
*/
/*
This is your first actual haxe code, it's declaring an empty package. A
package isn't necessary, but it's useful if you want to create a namespace
for your code (e.g. org.module.ClassName).
This is your first actual haxe code coming up, it's declaring an empty
package. A package isn't necessary, but it's useful if you want to create a
namespace for your code (e.g. org.module.ClassName).
*/
package; // empty package, no namespace.
/*
if you import code from other files, it must be declared before the rest of
the code.
Packages define modules for your code. Each module (e.g. org.module) must
be lower case, and should exist as a folder structure containing the class.
Class (and type) names must be capitalized. E.g, the class "org.module.Foo"
should have the folder structure org/module/Foo.hx, as accessible from the
compiler's working directory or class path.
If you import code from other files, it must be declared before the rest of
the code. Haxe provides a lot of common default classes to get you started:
*/
import haxe.ds.ArraySort;
@ -44,8 +54,8 @@ import haxe.ds.ArraySort;
import haxe.ds.*;
/*
you can also import classes in a special way, enabling them to extend the
functionality of other classes. More on 'using' later.
You can also import classes in a special way, enabling them to extend the
functionality of other classes like a "mixin". More on 'using' later.
*/
using StringTools;
@ -55,9 +65,13 @@ using StringTools;
*/
typedef FooString = String;
// Typedefs can also use "structural" types, more on that later as well!
// Typedefs can also reference "structural" types, more on that later as well.
typedef FooObject = { foo: String };
/*
Here's the class definition. It's the main class for the file, since it has
the same name (LearnHaxe3).
*/
class LearnHaxe3{
/*
If you want certain code to run automatically, you need to put it in
@ -66,6 +80,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
arguments above.
*/
static function main(){
/*
Trace is the default method of printing haxe expressions to the
screen. Different targets will have different methods of
@ -75,8 +90,6 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
Finally, It's possible to prevent traces from showing by using the
"--no-traces" argument on the compiler.
*/
trace("Hello World, with trace()!");
/*
@ -84,16 +97,11 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
a representation of the expression as best it can. You can also
concatenate strings with the "+" operator:
*/
trace(
" Integer: " + 10 +
" Float: " + 3.14 +
" Boolean: " + true
);
trace( " Integer: " + 10 + " Float: " + 3.14 + " Boolean: " + true);
/*
Remember what I said about expressions needing semicolons? You
can put more than one expression on a line if you want.
In Haxe, it's required to separate expressions in the same block with
semicolons. But, you can put two expressions on one line:
*/
trace('two expressions..'); trace('one line');
@ -107,7 +115,6 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
You can save values and references to data structures using the
"var" keyword:
*/
var an_integer:Int = 1;
trace(an_integer + " is the value for an_integer");
@ -119,7 +126,6 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
the haxe compiler is inferring that the type of another_integer
should be "Int".
*/
var another_integer = 2;
trace(another_integer + " is the value for another_integer");
@ -156,6 +162,12 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
var a_sub_string = a_string.substr(0,4);
trace(a_sub_string + " is the value for a_sub_string");
/*
Regexes are also supported, but there's not enough space to go into
much detail.
*/
trace((~/foobar/.match('foo')) + " is the value for (~/foobar/.match('foo')))");
/*
Arrays are zero-indexed, dynamic, and mutable. Missing values are
defined as null.
@ -199,7 +211,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
trace(m3 + " is the value for m3");
/*
Haxe has many more common datastructures in the haxe.ds module, such as
Haxe has some more common datastructures in the haxe.ds module, such as
List, Stack, and BalancedTree
*/
@ -225,7 +237,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
trace((3 >= 2) + " is the value for 3 >= 2");
trace((3 <= 2) + " is the value for 3 <= 2");
//bitwise operators
// standard bitwise operators
/*
~ Unary bitwise complement
<< Signed left shift
@ -411,12 +423,11 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
As mentioned before, Haxe is a statically typed language. All in
all, static typing is a wonderful thing. It enables
autocompletions, and can be used to check the correctness of a
program in very thorough ways. Plus, the Haxe compiler is super fast.
You probably won't be waiting on it very much.
precise autocompletions, and can be used to thoroughly check the
correctness of a program. Plus, the Haxe compiler is super fast.
*HOWEVER*, there are times when you just wish the compiler would let
something slide, and not throw a type error in a limited case.
something slide, and not throw a type error in a given case.
To do this, Haxe has two separate keywords. The first is the
"Dynamic" type:
@ -429,12 +440,12 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
wildcard variable: You can pass it instead of any variable type,
and you can assign any variable type you want.
The other more extreme option is the "untyped" keyword
The other more extreme option is the "untyped" keyword:
*/
untyped {
var x:Int = 'foo';
var y:String = 4;
var x:Int = 'foo'; // this can't be right!
var y:String = 4; // madness!
}
/*
@ -444,9 +455,9 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
situations where type checking is a hinderance.
In general, skipping type checks is *not* recommended. Use the
enum, inheritance, or structural type models in order to verify the
correctness of your program. Only when you're certain that none of
the type models work should you resort to "Dynamic" or "untyped".
enum, inheritance, or structural type models in order to help ensure
the correctness of your program. Only when you're certain that none
of the type models work should you resort to "Dynamic" or "untyped".
*/
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@ -459,7 +470,6 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
Create an instance of FooClass. The classes for this are at the
end of the file.
*/
var instance = new FooClass(3);
// read the public variable normally