Merge 2fa3a1126c into a7068ea636

CONTRIBUTING.markdown

@@ -90,27 +90,26 @@ addition or not.
 
 ## Building the site locally
 
-You can build the site locally to test your changes. Follow the steps below.
+Install Ruby. On macOS this can be done with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/).
 
-* Install Ruby language runtime and RubyGems. See
-  [here](https://middlemanapp.com/basics/install/)
-  for more details.
-* Clone or zip download the
-  [learnxinyminutes-site](https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-site)
-  repository.
-   * `git clone https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-site`
-* Install Middleman and other required dependencies using Bundler.
-   * `cd learnxinyminutes-site/`
-   * `bundle install`
-* Get the source in place
-   * Copy the contents of your clone of the fork of learnxinyminutes-docs repo
-     into the `source/docs` folder. There shouldn't be a `learnxinyminutes-docs`
-     folder inside the `docs` folder, it should just contain all the repo
-     contents.
-   * Checkout your fork of the learnxinyminutes-docs repo as `source/docs`.
-      * `cd source/docs/`
-      * `git clone https://github.com/YOUR-USERNAME/learnxinyminutes-docs ./source/docs/`
-* Build the site or run a development server to test your changes (NOTE: run
-  these commands at `learnxinyminutes-site/`).
-   * Build - `bundle exec middleman build`
-   * Dev server - `bundle exec middleman --force-polling --verbose`
+```sh
+brew install ruby
+# Install Ruby package manager
+gem install bundler
+```
+
+Then clone two repos, install dependencies and run.
+
+```sh
+# Clone website
+git clone https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-site
+# Clone docs (this repo) nested in website
+git clone https://github.com/<YOUR-USERNAME>/learnxinyminutes-docs ./learnxinyminutes-site/source/docs/
+
+# Install dependencies
+cd learnxinyminutes-site
+bundle install
+
+# Run
+bundle exec middleman serve
+```

bg-bg/perl-bg.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: perl
 category: language
 language: Perl
 filename: learnperl-bg.pl

ca-es/go-ca.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 category: language
 language: Go
 lang: ca-es

ca-es/groovy-ca.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Groovy
 category: language
 language: Groovy
 lang: ca-es

cs-cz/go.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 category: language
 language: Go
 filename: learngo-cs.go

cue.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: CUE
 category: language
 language: CUE
 filename: learncue.cue

dart.html.markdown

@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ class Example7Class {
 example7() {
   Example7Class.sayItFromClass();
   new Example7Class().sayItFromInstance();
+  //the new keyword is optional, so this is the same
+  Example7Class().sayItFromInstance();
 }
 
 /// Dart supports Generics.
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ example7() {
 /// K,V - Key Value(used for Map)
 class GenericExample<T>{
   void printType(){
-    print("$T")
+    print("$T");
   }
   // methods can also have generics
   genericMethod<M>(){
@@ -200,8 +202,8 @@ class GenericExample<T>{
 const example8List = ["Example8 const array"];
 const  example8Map = {"someKey": "Example8 const map"};
 /// Declare List or Maps as Objects.
- List<String> explicitList = new List<String>();
- Map<String,dynamic> explicitMaps = new Map<String,dynamic>();
+List<String> explicitList = <String>[]; //new List<String>() is now
+Map<String,dynamic> explicitMaps = <String,dynamic>{};
 
  explicitList.add("SomeArray");
 example8() {
@@ -214,8 +216,8 @@ example8() {
 /// So when you assign an existing list to a new variable.
 /// Instead of List, it becomes an Iterable
 var iterableExplicitList = explicitList;
-print(iterableExplicitList) // ("SomeArray"); "[]" becomes "()"
-var newExplicitLists = explicitList.toList() // Converts Iterable<E> to List<E>
+print(iterableExplicitList); // ("SomeArray"); "[]" becomes "()"
+var newExplicitLists = explicitList.toList(); // Converts Iterable<E> to List<E>
 
 /// Loops in Dart take the form of standard for () {} or while () {} loops,
 /// slightly more modern for (.. in ..) {}, or functional callbacks with many
@@ -308,13 +310,13 @@ example13() {
 
 /// Boolean expressions support implicit conversions and dynamic type
 example14() {
-  var a = true;
+  bool? a = true;
   if (a) {
     print("true, a is $a");
   }
-  a = false;
-  if (a) {
-    print("true, a is $a"); 
+  a = null;
+  if (a ?? false) { //if null count as false
+    print("true, a is $a");
   } else {
     print("false, a is $a"); /// runs here
   }
@@ -416,39 +418,6 @@ example20() {
   print("Example20 \$ interpolation ${s1} or $s2 works.");
 }
 
-/// Optional types allow for the annotation of APIs and come to the aid of
-/// IDEs so the IDEs can better refactor, auto-complete and check for
-/// errors. So far we haven't declared any types and the programs have
-/// worked just fine. In fact, types are disregarded during runtime.
-/// Types can even be wrong and the program will still be given the
-/// benefit of the doubt and be run as though the types didn't matter.
-/// There's a runtime parameter that checks for type errors which is
-/// the checked mode, which is said to be useful during development time,
-/// but which is also slower because of the extra checking and is thus
-/// avoided during deployment runtime.
-class Example21 {
-  List<String> _names;
-  Example21() {
-    _names = ["a", "b"];
-  }
-  List<String> get names => _names;
-  set names(List<String> list) {
-    _names = list;
-  }
-
-  int get length => _names.length;
-  void add(String name) {
-    _names.add(name);
-  }
-}
-
-void example21() {
-  Example21 o = new Example21();
-  o.add("c");
-  print("Example21 names '${o.names}' and length '${o.length}'");
-  o.names = ["d", "e"];
-  print("Example21 names '${o.names}' and length '${o.length}'");
-}
 
 /// Class inheritance takes the form of class name extends AnotherClassName {}.
 class Example22A {
@@ -470,7 +439,7 @@ example22() {
 /// Mixin is mostly used to share methods with distant classes, so the
 /// single inheritance doesn't get in the way of reusable code.
 /// Mixins follow the "with" statement during the class declaration.
-class Example23A {}
+mixin class Example23A {}
 
 class Example23Utils {
   addTwo(n1, n2) {
@@ -496,14 +465,14 @@ example23() {
 /// super-parent's constructor.
 class Example24A {
   var _value;
-  Example24A({value: "someValue"}) {
+  Example24A({value = "someValue"}) {
     _value = value;
   }
   get value => _value;
 }
 
 class Example24B extends Example24A {
-  Example24B({value: "someOtherValue"}) : super(value: value);
+  Example24B({value = "someOtherValue"}) : super(value: value);
 }
 
 example24() {
@@ -606,7 +575,7 @@ example29() {
   }
 
   rand() {
-    v = new DM.Random().nextInt(50);
+    v = new math.Random().nextInt(50);
     return v;
   }
 
@@ -631,7 +600,7 @@ example30() {
       top = int.parse("123") ~/ n2,
       bottom = 0;
   top = top ~/ 6;
-  gn = new DM.Random().nextInt(top + 1); /// +1 because nextInt top is exclusive
+  gn = new math.Random().nextInt(top + 1); /// +1 because nextInt top is exclusive
   print("Example30 Guess a number between 0 and ${top}");
   guessNumber(i) {
     if (n == gn) {
@@ -709,7 +678,7 @@ main() {
     example6, example7, example8, example9, example10,
     example11, example12, example13, example14, example15,
     example16, example17, example18, example19, example20,
-    example21, example22, example23, example24, example25,
+    example22, example23, example24, example25,
     example26, example27, example28, example29,
     example30 // Adding this comment stops the dart formatter from putting all items on a new line
   ].forEach((ef) => ef());

es-es/go-es.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 category: language
 language: Go
 lang: es-es

es-es/perl-es.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: perl
 category: language
 language: Perl
 filename: learnperl-es.pl

es-es/raku-es.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Raku
 category: language
 language: Raku
 filename: learnraku-es.raku

fi-fi/go-fi.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 category: language
 language: Go
 filename: learngo-fi.go

fr-fr/go-fr.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 category: language
 language: Go
 lang: fr-fr

fr-fr/perl-fr.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: perl
 category: language
 language: Perl
 filename: learnperl-fr.pl

go.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 category: language
 language: Go
 filename: learngo.go

it-it/go-it.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 language: Go
 filename: learngo-it.go
 contributors:

ko-kr/go-kr.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 category: language
 language: Go
 filename: learngo-kr.go

perl.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: perl
 category: language
 language: Perl
 filename: learnperl.pl

pl-pl/perl-pl.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: perl
 category: language
 language: Perl
 filename: learnperl-pl.pm

pt-br/go-pt.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 category: language
 language: Go
 filename: learngo-pt.go

pt-br/perl-pt.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: perl
 category: language
 language: Perl
 filename: learnperl-pt.pl

red.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Red
 category: language
 language: Red
 filename: learnred.red

sing.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Sing
 category: language
 language: Sing
 filename: learnsing.sing

tr-tr/c-tr.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: C
 category: language
 language: C
 filename: learnc-tr.c

tr-tr/ruby-tr.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: ruby
 language: Ruby
 filename: learnruby-tr.rb
 contributors:

uk-ua/go-ua.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Go
 category: language
 language: Go
 filename: learngo-ua.go

zh-cn/java-cn.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: java
 category: language
 language: Java
 lang: zh-cn

zh-cn/javascript-cn.html.markdown

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 ---
 language: JavaScript
 category: language
-name: javascript
 filename: javascript-zh.js
 contributors:
     - ["Leigh Brenecki", "https://leigh.net.au"]

zh-cn/perl-cn.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: perl
 category: language
 language: Perl
 filename: learnperl-cn.pl

zh-cn/red-cn.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: Red
 category: language
 language: Red
 filename: LearnRed-zh.red

zh-tw/javascript-tw.html.markdown

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 ---
-language: javascript
+language: JavaScript
 category: language
-name: javascript
 filename: javascript-zh-tw.js
 contributors:
     - ["Leigh Brenecki", "https://leigh.net.au"]

zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ---
-name: perl
 category: language
 language: Perl
 filename: learnperl-tw.pl