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parent
988032c9a2
commit
5ee2590f0e
@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ we'll get onto that shortly. First, the result of testing:
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```
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> autocheck myFunction
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[pass] Never Deadlocks (checked: 12)
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[pass] No Exceptions (checked: 12)
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[fail] Consistent Result (checked: 11)
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"hello" S0----S1-P2-S0--
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[pass] Never Deadlocks
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[pass] No Exceptions
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[fail] Consistent Result
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"hello" S0----S1--S0--
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"world" S0----S2--S0-P1-S0-
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"world" S0----S2--S0--
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False
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```
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@ -145,10 +145,10 @@ These approaches are inadequate for a few reasons:
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- **How do you know if you've fixed a bug you saw previously?**
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Because the scheduler is a black box, you don't know if the
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previously buggy schedule has been re-run.
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- **You won't actually get that much scheduling variety!** Operating
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systems and language runtimes like to run threads for long periods
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of time, which reduces the variety you get (and so drives up the
|
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number of runs you need).
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- **You won't get that much scheduling variety!** Operating systems
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and language runtimes like to run threads for long periods of time,
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which reduces the variety you get (and so drives up the number of
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runs you need).
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Déjà Fu addresses these points by offering *complete* testing. You
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can run a test case and be guaranteed to find all results with some
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@ -48,28 +48,28 @@ module Control.Concurrent.Classy.CRef
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--
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-- We can see this by testing with different memory models:
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--
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-- > > autocheck' SequentialConsistency crefs
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-- > [pass] Never Deadlocks (checked: 6)
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-- > [pass] No Exceptions (checked: 6)
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-- > [fail] Consistent Result (checked: 5)
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-- > (False,True) S0-------S1-----S0--S2-----S0---
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-- > (True,False) S0-------S1-P2-----S1----S0----
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-- > (True,True) S0-------S1--P2-----S1---S0----
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-- > (False,True) S0-------S1---P2-----S1--S0----
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-- > (True,False) S0-------S2-----S1-----S0----
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-- > ...
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-- > > autocheckWay defaultWay SequentialConsistency relaxed
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-- > [pass] Never Deadlocks
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-- > [pass] No Exceptions
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-- > [fail] Consistent Result
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-- > (False,True) S0---------S1----S0--S2----S0--
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-- >
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-- > (True,True) S0---------S1-P2----S1---S0---
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-- >
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-- > (True,False) S0---------S2----S1----S0---
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-- > False
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--
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-- > > autocheck' TotalStoreOrder crefs
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-- > [pass] Never Deadlocks (checked: 303)
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-- > [pass] No Exceptions (checked: 303)
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-- > [fail] Consistent Result (checked: 302)
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-- > (False,True) S0-------S1-----C-S0--S2-----C-S0---
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-- > (True,False) S0-------S1-P2-----C-S1----S0----
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-- > (True,True) S0-------S1-P2--C-S1----C-S0--S2---S0---
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-- > (False,True) S0-------S1-P2--P1--C-C-S1--S0--S2---S0---
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-- > (False,False) S0-------S1-P2--P1----S2---C-C-S0----
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-- > ...
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-- > > autocheckWay defaultWay TotalStoreOrder relaxed
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-- > [pass] Never Deadlocks
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-- > [pass] No Exceptions
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-- > [fail] Consistent Result
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-- > (False,True) S0---------S1----S0--S2----S0--
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-- >
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-- > (False,False) S0---------S1--P2----S1--S0---
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-- >
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-- > (True,False) S0---------S2----S1----S0---
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-- >
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-- > (True,True) S0---------S1-C-S2----S1---S0---
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-- > False
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--
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-- Traces for non-sequentially-consistent memory models show where
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@ -289,8 +289,7 @@ class ( Applicative m, Monad m
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-- @since 1.0.0.0
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myThreadId :: m (ThreadId m)
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-- | Allows a context-switch to any other currently runnable thread
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-- (if any).
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-- | Allows a context-switch to any other unblocked thread (if any).
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--
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-- @since 1.0.0.0
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yield :: m ()
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@ -3,16 +3,15 @@ concurrency
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A typeclass abstraction over much of Control.Concurrent (and some
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extras!). If you're looking for a general introduction to Haskell
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concurrency, you should check out the excellent
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[Parallel and Concurrent Programming in Haskell][parconc], by Simon
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Marlow. If you are already familiar with concurrent Haskell, just
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change all the imports from Control.Concurrent.* to
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Control.Concurrent.Classy.* and fix the type errors.
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concurrency, you should check out the excellent [Parallel and
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Concurrent Programming in Haskell][parconc], by Simon Marlow. If you
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are already familiar with concurrent Haskell, just change all the
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imports from Control.Concurrent.* to Control.Concurrent.Classy.* and
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fix the type errors.
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A brief list of supported functionality:
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- Threads: the `forkIO*` and `forkOn*` functions, although bound
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threads are not supported.
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- Threads: both unbound and bound.
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- Getting and setting capablities.
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- Yielding and delaying.
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- Mutable state: STM, `MVar`, and `IORef`.
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|
153
dejafu/README.markdown
Executable file → Normal file
153
dejafu/README.markdown
Executable file → Normal file
@ -7,57 +7,124 @@ dejafu
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>
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> -- Terry Pratchett, Thief of Time
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Concurrency is nice, deadlocks and race conditions not so much. The
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`Par` monad family, as defined in [abstract-par][] provides
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deterministic parallelism, but sometimes we can tolerate a bit of
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nondeterminism.
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- [Installation](#installation)
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- [Quick start guide](#quick-start-guide)
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- [Why Déjà Fu?](#why-déjà-fu)
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- [Contributing](#contributing)
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- [Release notes](#release-notes)
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- [Questions, feedback, discussion](#questions-feedback-discussion)
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- [Bibliography](#bibliography)
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- **[The website!](http://dejafu.readthedocs.io/)**
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This package builds on the concurrency package (also in this
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repository) by enabling you to systematically and deterministically
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test your concurrent programs.
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Déjà Fu is a unit-testing library for concurrent Haskell programs.
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Tests are deterministic and expressive, making it easy and convenient
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to test your threaded code. Available on [GitHub][], [Hackage][], and
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[Stackage][].
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The documentation of the latest developmental version is
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[available online][docs]. Examples can be found in the test suite.
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[GitHub]: https://github.com/barrucadu/dejafu
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[Hackage]: https://hackage.haskell.org/package/dejafu
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[Stackage]: https://www.stackage.org/package/dejafu
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**Note on the test suite:** This is in a separate project
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(dejafu-tests) because Cabal-the-library is a bit naff. See this
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[issue][].
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Déjà Fu and `IO`
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----------------
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The core assumption underlying Déjà Fu is that any apparent
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nondeterminism arises purely from the scheduling behaviour. To put it
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another way, a given computation, parametrised with a fixed set of
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scheduling decisions, is deterministic.
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Whilst this assumption may not hold in general when `IO` is involved,
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you should strive to produce test cases where it does.
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Memory Model
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Installation
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------------
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The testing functionality supports a few different memory models, for
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computations which use non-synchronised `CRef` operations. The
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supported models are:
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Install from Hackage globally:
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- **Sequential Consistency:** A program behaves as a simple
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interleaving of the actions in different threads. When a CRef is
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written to, that write is immediately visible to all threads.
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```
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$ cabal-install dejafu
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```
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- **Total Store Order (TSO):** Each thread has a write buffer. A
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thread sees its writes immediately, but other threads will only
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see writes when they are committed, which may happen later. Writes
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are committed in the same order that they are created.
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Or add it to your cabal file:
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- **Partial Store Order (PSO):** Each CRef has a write buffer. A
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thread sees its writes immediately, but other threads will only
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see writes when they are committed, which may happen later. Writes
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to different CRefs are not necessarily committed in the same order
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that they are created.
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```
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build-depends: ...
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, dejafu
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```
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Or to your package.yaml:
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```
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dependencies:
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...
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- dejafu
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```
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Quick start guide
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-----------------
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Déjà Fu supports unit testing, and comes with a helper function called
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`autocheck` to look for some common issues. Let's see it in action:
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```haskell
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import Control.Concurrent.Classy
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myFunction :: MonadConc m => m String
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myFunction = do
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var <- newEmptyMVar
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fork (putMVar var "hello")
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fork (putMVar var "world")
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readMVar var
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```
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That `MonadConc` is a typeclass abstraction over concurrency, but
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we'll get onto that shortly. First, the result of testing:
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```
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> autocheck myFunction
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[pass] Never Deadlocks
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[pass] No Exceptions
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[fail] Consistent Result
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"hello" S0----S1--S0--
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"world" S0----S2--S0--
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False
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```
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There are no deadlocks or uncaught exceptions, which is good; but the
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program is (as you probably spotted) nondeterministic!
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Along with each result, Déjà Fu gives us a representative execution
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trace in an abbreviated form. `Sn` means that thread `n` started
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executing, and `Pn` means that thread `n` pre-empted the previously
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running thread.
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Why Déjà Fu?
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------------
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Testing concurrent programs is difficult, because in general they are
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nondeterministic. This leads to people using work-arounds like
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running their testsuite many thousands of times; or running their
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testsuite while putting their machine under heavy load.
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These approaches are inadequate for a few reasons:
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- **How many runs is enough?** When you are just hopping to spot a bug
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by coincidence, how do you know to stop?
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- **How do you know if you've fixed a bug you saw previously?**
|
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Because the scheduler is a black box, you don't know if the
|
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previously buggy schedule has been re-run.
|
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- **You won't get that much scheduling variety!** Operating systems
|
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and language runtimes like to run threads for long periods of time,
|
||||
which reduces the variety you get (and so drives up the number of
|
||||
runs you need).
|
||||
|
||||
Déjà Fu addresses these points by offering *complete* testing. You
|
||||
can run a test case and be guaranteed to find all results with some
|
||||
bounds. These bounds can be configured, or even disabled! The
|
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underlying approach used is smarter than merely trying all possible
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executions, and will in general explore the state-space quickly.
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If your test case is just too big for complete testing, there is also
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a random scheduling mode, which is necessarily *incomplete*. However,
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Déjà Fu will tend to produce much more schedule variety than just
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running your test case in `IO` the same number of times, and so bugs
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will tend to crop up sooner. Furthermore, as you get execution traces
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out, you can be certain that a bug has been fixed by simply following
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the trace by eye.
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If a testing function does not take the memory model as a parameter,
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it uses TSO.
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Contributing
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------------
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@ -66,7 +133,3 @@ Bug reports, pull requests, and comments are very welcome!
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Feel free to contact me on GitHub, through IRC (#haskell on freenode),
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or email (mike@barrucadu.co.uk).
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[docs]: https://docs.barrucadu.co.uk/dejafu
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[abstract-par]: https://hackage.haskell.org/package/abstract-par/docs/Control-Monad-Par-Class.html
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[issue]: https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/issues/1122
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|
@ -2,191 +2,159 @@
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{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
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{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}
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-- |
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-- Module : Test.DejaFu
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-- Copyright : (c) 2016 Michael Walker
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-- License : MIT
|
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-- Maintainer : Michael Walker <mike@barrucadu.co.uk>
|
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-- Stability : experimental
|
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-- Portability : LambdaCase, MultiParamTypeClasses, TupleSections
|
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--
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-- Deterministic testing for concurrent computations.
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--
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-- As an example, consider this program, which has two locks and a
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-- shared variable. Two threads are spawned, which claim the locks,
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-- update the shared variable, and release the locks. The main thread
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-- waits for them both to terminate, and returns the final result.
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--
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-- > example1 :: MonadConc m => m Int
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-- > example1 = do
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-- > a <- newEmptyMVar
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-- > b <- newEmptyMVar
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-- >
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-- > c <- newMVar 0
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-- >
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-- > let lock m = putMVar m ()
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-- > let unlock = takeMVar
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-- >
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-- > j1 <- spawn $ lock a >> lock b >> modifyMVar_ c (return . succ) >> unlock b >> unlock a
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-- > j2 <- spawn $ lock b >> lock a >> modifyMVar_ c (return . pred) >> unlock a >> unlock b
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-- >
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-- > takeMVar j1
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-- > takeMVar j2
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-- >
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-- > takeMVar c
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--
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-- The correct result is 0, as it starts out as 0 and is incremented
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-- and decremented by threads 1 and 2, respectively. However, note the
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-- order of acquisition of the locks in the two threads. If thread 2
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-- pre-empts thread 1 between the acquisition of the locks (or if
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-- thread 1 pre-empts thread 2), a deadlock situation will arise, as
|
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-- thread 1 will have lock @a@ and be waiting on @b@, and thread 2
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-- will have @b@ and be waiting on @a@.
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--
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-- Here is what Deja Fu has to say about it:
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--
|
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-- > > autocheck example1
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-- > [fail] Never Deadlocks (checked: 5)
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-- > [deadlock] S0------------S1-P2--S1-
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-- > [pass] No Exceptions (checked: 12)
|
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-- > [fail] Consistent Result (checked: 11)
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-- > 0 S0------------S2-----------------S1-----------------S0----
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-- >
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-- > [deadlock] S0------------S1-P2--S1-
|
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-- > False
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--
|
||||
-- It identifies the deadlock, and also the possible results the
|
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-- computation can produce, and displays a simplified trace leading to
|
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-- each failing outcome. The trace contains thread numbers, and the
|
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-- names (which can be set by the programmer) are displayed beneath.
|
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-- It also returns @False@ as there are test failures. The automatic
|
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-- testing functionality is good enough if you only want to check your
|
||||
-- computation is deterministic, but if you have more specific
|
||||
-- requirements (or have some expected and tolerated level of
|
||||
-- nondeterminism), you can write tests yourself using the @dejafu*@
|
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-- functions.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- __Warning:__ If your computation under test does @IO@, the @IO@
|
||||
-- will be executed lots of times! Be sure that it is deterministic
|
||||
-- enough not to invalidate your test results. Mocking may be useful
|
||||
-- where possible.
|
||||
module Test.DejaFu
|
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( -- * Testing
|
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{- |
|
||||
Module : Test.DejaFu
|
||||
Copyright : (c) 2016 Michael Walker
|
||||
License : MIT
|
||||
Maintainer : Michael Walker <mike@barrucadu.co.uk>
|
||||
Stability : experimental
|
||||
Portability : LambdaCase, MultiParamTypeClasses, TupleSections
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Testing in Deja Fu is similar to unit testing, the programmer
|
||||
-- produces a self-contained monadic action to execute under
|
||||
-- different schedules, and supplies a list of predicates to apply
|
||||
-- to the list of results produced.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- If you simply wish to check that something is deterministic, see
|
||||
-- the 'autocheck' function.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- These functions use a Total Store Order (TSO) memory model for
|
||||
-- unsynchronised actions, see \"Testing under Alternative Memory
|
||||
-- Models\" for some explanation of this.
|
||||
dejafu is a library for unit-testing concurrent Haskell programs,
|
||||
written using the [concurrency](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/concurrency)
|
||||
package's 'MonadConc' typeclass.
|
||||
|
||||
__A first test:__ This is a simple concurrent program which forks two
|
||||
threads and each races to write to the same @MVar@:
|
||||
|
||||
> example = do
|
||||
> var <- newEmptyMVar
|
||||
> fork (putMVar var "hello")
|
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> fork (putMVar var "world")
|
||||
> readMVar var
|
||||
|
||||
We can test it with dejafu like so:
|
||||
|
||||
> > autocheck example
|
||||
> [pass] Never Deadlocks
|
||||
> [pass] No Exceptions
|
||||
> [fail] Consistent Result
|
||||
> "hello" S0----S1--S0--
|
||||
>
|
||||
> "world" S0----S2--S0--
|
||||
|
||||
The 'autocheck' function takes a concurrent program to test and looks
|
||||
for some common unwanted behaviours: deadlocks, uncaught exceptions in
|
||||
the main thread, and nondeterminism. Here we see the program is
|
||||
nondeterministic, dejafu gives us all the distinct results it found
|
||||
and, for each, a summarised execution trace leading to that result:
|
||||
|
||||
* \"Sn\" means that thread \"n\" started executing after the previous
|
||||
thread terminated or blocked.
|
||||
|
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* \"Pn\" means that thread \"n\" started executing, even though the
|
||||
previous thread could have continued running.
|
||||
|
||||
* Each \"-\" represents one \"step\" of the computation.
|
||||
|
||||
__Failures:__ If a program doesn't terminate successfully, we say it
|
||||
has /failed/. dejafu can detect a few different types of failure:
|
||||
|
||||
* 'Deadlock', if every thread is blocked.
|
||||
|
||||
* 'STMDeadlock', if every thread is blocked /and/ the main thread is
|
||||
blocked in an STM transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
* 'UncaughtException', if the main thread is killed by an exception.
|
||||
|
||||
There are two types of failure which dejafu itself may raise:
|
||||
|
||||
* 'Abort', used in systematic testing (the default) if there are no
|
||||
allowed decisions remaining. For example, by default any test case
|
||||
which takes more than 250 scheduling points to finish will be
|
||||
aborted. You can use the 'systematically' function to supply (or
|
||||
disable) your own bounds.
|
||||
|
||||
* 'InternalError', used if something goes wrong. If you get this and
|
||||
aren't using a scheduler you wrote yourself, please [file a
|
||||
bug](https://github.com/barrucadu/dejafu/issues).
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, there is one failure which can arise through improper use of
|
||||
dejafu:
|
||||
|
||||
* 'IllegalSubconcurrency', the "Test.DejaFu.Conc.subconcurrency"
|
||||
function is used when multiple threads exist, or is used inside
|
||||
another @subconcurrency@ call.
|
||||
|
||||
__Beware of 'liftIO':__ dejafu works by running your test case lots of
|
||||
times with different schedules. If you use 'liftIO' at all, make sure
|
||||
that any @IO@ you perform is deterministic when executed in the same
|
||||
order.
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to test things with /nondeterministc/ @IO@, see the
|
||||
'autocheckWay', 'dejafuWay', and 'dejafusWay' functions: the
|
||||
'randomly', 'uniformly', and 'swarmy' testing modes can cope with
|
||||
nondeterminism.
|
||||
-}
|
||||
module Test.DejaFu
|
||||
( -- * Unit testing
|
||||
|
||||
autocheck
|
||||
, dejafu
|
||||
, dejafus
|
||||
|
||||
-- * Testing with different settings
|
||||
-- ** Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
{- |
|
||||
|
||||
There are a few knobs to tweak to control the behaviour of dejafu.
|
||||
The defaults should generally be good enough, but if not you have a
|
||||
few tricks available.
|
||||
|
||||
* The 'Way', which controls how schedules are explored.
|
||||
|
||||
* The 'MemType', which controls how reads and writes to @CRef@s (or
|
||||
@IORef@s) behave.
|
||||
|
||||
* The 'Discard' function, which saves memory by throwing away
|
||||
uninteresting results during exploration.
|
||||
|
||||
-}
|
||||
|
||||
, autocheckWay
|
||||
, dejafuWay
|
||||
, dejafusWay
|
||||
, dejafuDiscard
|
||||
|
||||
-- *** Defaults
|
||||
|
||||
, defaultWay
|
||||
, defaultMemType
|
||||
, defaultDiscarder
|
||||
|
||||
-- *** Exploration
|
||||
|
||||
, Way
|
||||
, defaultWay
|
||||
, systematically
|
||||
, randomly
|
||||
, uniformly
|
||||
, swarmy
|
||||
|
||||
, autocheckWay
|
||||
, dejafuWay
|
||||
, dejafusWay
|
||||
-- **** Schedule bounding
|
||||
|
||||
, Discard(..)
|
||||
, defaultDiscarder
|
||||
{- |
|
||||
|
||||
, dejafuDiscard
|
||||
Schedule bounding is used by the 'systematically' approach to limit
|
||||
the search-space, which in general will be huge.
|
||||
|
||||
-- ** Memory Models
|
||||
There are three types of bounds used:
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Threads running under modern multicore processors do not behave
|
||||
-- as a simple interleaving of the individual thread
|
||||
-- actions. Processors do all sorts of complex things to increase
|
||||
-- speed, such as buffering writes. For concurrent programs which
|
||||
-- make use of non-synchronised functions (such as 'readCRef'
|
||||
-- coupled with 'writeCRef') different memory models may yield
|
||||
-- different results.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- As an example, consider this program (modified from the
|
||||
-- Data.IORef documentation). Two @CRef@s are created, and two
|
||||
-- threads spawned to write to and read from both. Each thread
|
||||
-- returns the value it observes.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > example2 :: MonadConc m => m (Bool, Bool)
|
||||
-- > example2 = do
|
||||
-- > r1 <- newCRef False
|
||||
-- > r2 <- newCRef False
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > x <- spawn $ writeCRef r1 True >> readCRef r2
|
||||
-- > y <- spawn $ writeCRef r2 True >> readCRef r1
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > (,) <$> readMVar x <*> readMVar y
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- Under a sequentially consistent memory model the possible results
|
||||
-- are @(True, True)@, @(True, False)@, and @(False, True)@. Under
|
||||
-- total or partial store order, @(False, False)@ is also a possible
|
||||
-- result, even though there is no interleaving of the threads which
|
||||
-- can lead to this.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- We can see this by testing with different memory models:
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > > autocheckWay defaultWay SequentialConsistency example2
|
||||
-- > [pass] Never Deadlocks (checked: 6)
|
||||
-- > [pass] No Exceptions (checked: 6)
|
||||
-- > [fail] Consistent Result (checked: 5)
|
||||
-- > (False,True) S0-------S1-----S0--S2-----S0---
|
||||
-- > (True,False) S0-------S1-P2-----S1----S0----
|
||||
-- > (True,True) S0-------S1--P2-----S1---S0----
|
||||
-- > (False,True) S0-------S1---P2-----S1--S0----
|
||||
-- > (True,False) S0-------S2-----S1-----S0----
|
||||
-- > ...
|
||||
-- > False
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > > autocheckWay defaultWay TotalStoreOrder example2
|
||||
-- > [pass] Never Deadlocks (checked: 303)
|
||||
-- > [pass] No Exceptions (checked: 303)
|
||||
-- > [fail] Consistent Result (checked: 302)
|
||||
-- > (False,True) S0-------S1-----C-S0--S2-----C-S0---
|
||||
-- > (True,False) S0-------S1-P2-----C-S1----S0----
|
||||
-- > (True,True) S0-------S1-P2--C-S1----C-S0--S2---S0---
|
||||
-- > (False,True) S0-------S1-P2--P1--C-C-S1--S0--S2---S0---
|
||||
-- > (False,False) S0-------S1-P2--P1----S2---C-C-S0----
|
||||
-- > ...
|
||||
-- > False
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- Traces for non-sequentially-consistent memory models show where
|
||||
-- writes to @CRef@s are /committed/, which makes a write visible to
|
||||
-- all threads rather than just the one which performed the
|
||||
-- write. Only 'writeCRef' is broken up into separate write and
|
||||
-- commit steps, 'atomicModifyCRef' is still atomic and imposes a
|
||||
-- memory barrier.
|
||||
* The 'PreemptionBound', which bounds the number of pre-emptive
|
||||
context switches. Empirical evidence suggests @2@ is a good value
|
||||
for this, if you have a small test case.
|
||||
|
||||
, MemType(..)
|
||||
, defaultMemType
|
||||
* The 'FairBound', which bounds the difference between how many times
|
||||
threads can yield. This is necessary to test certain kinds of
|
||||
potentially non-terminating behaviour, such as spinlocks.
|
||||
|
||||
-- ** Schedule Bounding
|
||||
* The 'LengthBound', which bounds how long a test case can run, in
|
||||
terms of scheduling decisions. This is necessary to test certain
|
||||
kinds of potentially non-terminating behaviour, such as livelocks.
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Schedule bounding is an optimisation which only considers
|
||||
-- schedules within some /bound/. This sacrifices completeness
|
||||
-- outside of the bound, but can drastically reduce the number of
|
||||
-- schedules to test, and is in fact necessary for non-terminating
|
||||
-- programs.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The standard testing mechanism uses a combination of pre-emption
|
||||
-- bounding, fair bounding, and length bounding. Pre-emption + fair
|
||||
-- bounding is useful for programs which use loop/yield control
|
||||
-- flows but are otherwise terminating. Length bounding makes it
|
||||
-- possible to test potentially non-terminating programs.
|
||||
Schedule bounding is not used by the non-systematic exploration
|
||||
behaviours.
|
||||
|
||||
-}
|
||||
|
||||
, Bounds(..)
|
||||
, defaultBounds
|
||||
@ -198,30 +166,109 @@ module Test.DejaFu
|
||||
, LengthBound(..)
|
||||
, defaultLengthBound
|
||||
|
||||
-- * Results
|
||||
-- *** Memory model
|
||||
|
||||
-- | The results of a test can be pretty-printed to the console, as
|
||||
-- with the above functions, or used in their original, much richer,
|
||||
-- form for debugging purposes. These functions provide full access
|
||||
-- to this data type which, most usefully, contains a detailed trace
|
||||
-- of execution, showing what each thread did at each point.
|
||||
{- |
|
||||
|
||||
When executed on a multi-core processor some @CRef@ / @IORef@ programs
|
||||
can exhibit \"relaxed memory\" behaviours, where the apparent
|
||||
behaviour of the program is not a simple interleaving of the actions
|
||||
of each thread.
|
||||
|
||||
__Example:__ This is a simple program which creates two @CRef@s
|
||||
containing @False@, and forks two threads. Each thread writes @True@
|
||||
to one of the @CRef@s and reads the other. The value that each thread
|
||||
reads is communicated back through an @MVar@:
|
||||
|
||||
> relaxed = do
|
||||
> r1 <- newCRef False
|
||||
> r2 <- newCRef False
|
||||
> x <- spawn $ writeCRef r1 True >> readCRef r2
|
||||
> y <- spawn $ writeCRef r2 True >> readCRef r1
|
||||
> (,) <$> readMVar x <*> readMVar y
|
||||
|
||||
We see something surprising if we ask for the results:
|
||||
|
||||
> > autocheck relaxed
|
||||
> [pass] Never Deadlocks
|
||||
> [pass] No Exceptions
|
||||
> [fail] Consistent Result
|
||||
> (False,True) S0---------S1----S0--S2----S0--
|
||||
>
|
||||
> (False,False) S0---------S1--P2----S1--S0---
|
||||
>
|
||||
> (True,False) S0---------S2----S1----S0---
|
||||
>
|
||||
> (True,True) S0---------S1-C-S2----S1---S0---
|
||||
|
||||
It's possible for both threads to read the value @False@, even though
|
||||
each writes @True@ to the other @CRef@ before reading. This is
|
||||
because processors are free to re-order reads and writes to
|
||||
independent memory addresses in the name of performance.
|
||||
|
||||
Execution traces for relaxed memory computations can include \"C\"
|
||||
actions, as above, which show where @CRef@ writes were explicitly
|
||||
/committed/, and made visible to other threads.
|
||||
|
||||
However, modelling this behaviour can require more executions. If you
|
||||
do not care about the relaxed-memory behaviour of your program, use
|
||||
the 'SequentialConsistency' model.
|
||||
|
||||
-}
|
||||
|
||||
, MemType(..)
|
||||
|
||||
-- *** Reducing memory usage
|
||||
|
||||
{- |
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes we know that a result is uninteresting and cannot affect the
|
||||
result of a test, in which case there is no point in keeping it
|
||||
around. Execution traces can be large, so any opportunity to get rid
|
||||
of them early is possibly a great saving of memory.
|
||||
|
||||
A discard function, which has type @Either Failure a -> Maybe
|
||||
Discard@, can selectively discard results or execution traces before
|
||||
the schedule exploration finishes, allowing them to be garbage
|
||||
collected sooner.
|
||||
|
||||
__Note:__ This is only relevant if you are producing your own
|
||||
predicates. The predicates and helper functions provided by this
|
||||
module do discard results and traces wherever possible.
|
||||
|
||||
-}
|
||||
|
||||
, Discard(..)
|
||||
|
||||
-- ** Manual testing
|
||||
|
||||
{- |
|
||||
|
||||
The standard testing functions print their result to stdout, and throw
|
||||
away some information. The traces are pretty-printed, and if there
|
||||
are many failures, only the first few are shown.
|
||||
|
||||
If you need more information, use these functions.
|
||||
|
||||
-}
|
||||
|
||||
, Result(..)
|
||||
, Failure(..)
|
||||
, runTest
|
||||
, runTestWay
|
||||
|
||||
-- * Predicates
|
||||
-- ** Predicates
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Predicates evaluate a list of results of execution and decide
|
||||
-- whether some test case has passed or failed. They can be lazy and
|
||||
-- make use of short-circuit evaluation to avoid needing to examine
|
||||
-- the entire list of results, and can check any property which can
|
||||
-- be defined for the return type of your monadic action.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- A collection of common predicates are provided, along with helper
|
||||
-- functions to lift predicates over a single result to over a
|
||||
-- collection of results.
|
||||
{- |
|
||||
|
||||
A dejafu test has two parts: the concurrent program to test, and a
|
||||
predicate to determine if the test passes, based on the results of the
|
||||
schedule exploration.
|
||||
|
||||
All of these predicates discard results and traces as eagerly as
|
||||
possible, to reduce memory usage.
|
||||
|
||||
-}
|
||||
|
||||
, Predicate
|
||||
, ProPredicate(..)
|
||||
@ -234,10 +281,17 @@ module Test.DejaFu
|
||||
, exceptionsNever
|
||||
, exceptionsAlways
|
||||
, exceptionsSometimes
|
||||
, gives
|
||||
, gives'
|
||||
|
||||
-- ** Predicate Helpers
|
||||
-- *** Helpers
|
||||
|
||||
{- |
|
||||
|
||||
Helper functions to produce your own predicates. Such predicates
|
||||
discard results and traces as eagerly as possible, to reduce memory
|
||||
usage.
|
||||
|
||||
-}
|
||||
|
||||
, representative
|
||||
, alwaysSame
|
||||
, alwaysSameOn
|
||||
@ -247,8 +301,16 @@ module Test.DejaFu
|
||||
, somewhereTrue
|
||||
, alwaysNothing
|
||||
, somewhereNothing
|
||||
, gives
|
||||
, gives'
|
||||
|
||||
-- ** Failures
|
||||
-- *** Failures
|
||||
|
||||
{- |
|
||||
|
||||
Helper functions to identify failures.
|
||||
|
||||
-}
|
||||
|
||||
, isInternalError
|
||||
, isAbort
|
||||
@ -256,30 +318,64 @@ module Test.DejaFu
|
||||
, isUncaughtException
|
||||
, isIllegalSubconcurrency
|
||||
|
||||
-- * Refinement property testing
|
||||
-- * Property testing
|
||||
|
||||
{- |
|
||||
|
||||
dejafu can also use a property-testing style to test stateful
|
||||
operations for a variety of inputs. Inputs are generated using the
|
||||
[leancheck](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/leancheck) library for
|
||||
enumerative testing.
|
||||
|
||||
__Testing @MVar@ operations with multiple producers__:
|
||||
|
||||
These are a little different to the property tests you may be familiar
|
||||
with from libraries like QuickCheck (and leancheck). As we're testing
|
||||
properties of /stateful/ and /concurrent/ things, we need to provide
|
||||
some extra information.
|
||||
|
||||
A property consists of two /signatures/ and a relation between them.
|
||||
A signature contains:
|
||||
|
||||
* An initialisation function, to construct the initial state.
|
||||
|
||||
* An observation function, to take a snapshot of the state at the
|
||||
end.
|
||||
|
||||
* An interference function, to mess with the state in some way.
|
||||
|
||||
* The expression to evaluate, as a function over the state.
|
||||
|
||||
> sig e = Sig
|
||||
> { initialise = maybe newEmptyMVar newMVar
|
||||
> , observe = \v _ -> tryReadMVar v
|
||||
> , interfere = \v _ -> putMVar v 42
|
||||
> , expression = void . e
|
||||
> }
|
||||
|
||||
This is a signature for operations over @Num n => MVar n@ values where
|
||||
there are multiple producers. The initialisation function takes a
|
||||
@Maybe n@ and constructs an @MVar n@, empty if it gets @Nothing@; the
|
||||
observation function reads the @MVar@; and the interference function
|
||||
puts a new value in.
|
||||
|
||||
Given this signature, we can check if @readMVar@ is the same as a
|
||||
@takeMVar@ followed by a @putMVar@:
|
||||
|
||||
> > check $ sig readMVar === sig (\v -> takeMVar v >>= putMVar v)
|
||||
> *** Failure: (seed Just 0)
|
||||
> left: [(Nothing,Just 0)]
|
||||
> right: [(Nothing,Just 0),(Just Deadlock,Just 42)]
|
||||
|
||||
The two expressions are not equivalent, and we get a counterexample:
|
||||
if the @MVar@ is nonempty, then the left expression (@readMVar@) will
|
||||
preserve the value, but the right expression (@\v -> takeMVar v >>=
|
||||
putMVar v@) may cause it to change. This is because of the concurrent
|
||||
interference we have provided: the left term never empties a full
|
||||
@MVar@, but the Right term does.
|
||||
|
||||
-}
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Consider this statement about @MVar@s: \"using @readMVar@ is
|
||||
-- better than @takeMVar@ followed by @putMVar@ because the former
|
||||
-- is atomic but the latter is not.\"
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- Deja Fu can test properties like that:
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @
|
||||
-- sig e = Sig
|
||||
-- { initialise = maybe newEmptyMVar newMVar
|
||||
-- , observe = \\v _ -> tryReadMVar v
|
||||
-- , interfere = \\v s -> tryTakeMVar v >> maybe (pure ()) (void . tryPutMVar v) s
|
||||
-- , expression = e
|
||||
-- }
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > check $ sig (void . readMVar) \`equivalentTo\` sig (\\v -> takeMVar v >>= putMVar v)
|
||||
-- *** Failure: (seed Just ())
|
||||
-- left: [(Nothing,Just ())]
|
||||
-- right: [(Nothing,Just ()),(Just Deadlock,Just ())]
|
||||
-- @
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The two expressions are not equivalent, and we get given the
|
||||
-- counterexample!
|
||||
, module Test.DejaFu.Refinement
|
||||
) where
|
||||
|
||||
@ -305,29 +401,50 @@ import Test.DejaFu.SCT
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
-- DejaFu
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Automatically test a computation. In particular, look for
|
||||
-- deadlocks, uncaught exceptions, and multiple return values.
|
||||
-- | Automatically test a computation.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- In particular, look for deadlocks, uncaught exceptions, and
|
||||
-- multiple return values. Returns @True@ if all tests pass
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > > autocheck example
|
||||
-- > [pass] Never Deadlocks
|
||||
-- > [pass] No Exceptions
|
||||
-- > [fail] Consistent Result
|
||||
-- > "hello" S0----S1--S0--
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > "world" S0----S2--S0--
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
autocheck :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Eq a, Show a)
|
||||
=> ConcT r n a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> n Bool
|
||||
autocheck = autocheckWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Variant of 'autocheck' which takes a way to run the program and a
|
||||
-- memory model.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- Schedule bounding is used to filter the large number of possible
|
||||
-- schedules, and can be iteratively increased for further coverage
|
||||
-- guarantees. Empirical studies (/Concurrency Testing Using Schedule
|
||||
-- Bounding: an Empirical Study/, P. Thompson, A. Donaldson, and
|
||||
-- A. Betts) have found that many concurrency bugs can be exhibited
|
||||
-- with as few as two threads and two pre-emptions, which is part of
|
||||
-- what 'dejafus' uses.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- __Warning:__ Using larger bounds will almost certainly
|
||||
-- significantly increase the time taken to test!
|
||||
-- > > autocheckWay defaultWay defaultMemType relaxed
|
||||
-- > [pass] Never Deadlocks
|
||||
-- > [pass] No Exceptions
|
||||
-- > [fail] Consistent Result
|
||||
-- > (False,True) S0---------S1----S0--S2----S0--
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > (False,False) S0---------S1--P2----S1--S0---
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > (True,False) S0---------S2----S1----S0---
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > (True,True) S0---------S1-C-S2----S1---S0---
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > > autocheckWay defaultWay SequentialConsistency relaxed
|
||||
-- > [pass] Never Deadlocks
|
||||
-- > [pass] No Exceptions
|
||||
-- > [fail] Consistent Result
|
||||
-- > (False,True) S0---------S1----S0--S2----S0--
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > (True,True) S0---------S1-P2----S1---S0---
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > (True,False) S0---------S2----S1----S0---
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
autocheckWay :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Eq a, Show a)
|
||||
@ -336,7 +453,7 @@ autocheckWay :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Eq a, Show a)
|
||||
-> MemType
|
||||
-- ^ The memory model to use for non-synchronised @CRef@ operations.
|
||||
-> ConcT r n a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> n Bool
|
||||
autocheckWay way memtype = dejafusWay way memtype autocheckCases
|
||||
|
||||
@ -351,20 +468,44 @@ autocheckCases =
|
||||
-- | Check a predicate and print the result to stdout, return 'True'
|
||||
-- if it passes.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- A dejafu test has two parts: the program you are testing, and a
|
||||
-- predicate to determine if the test passes. Predicates can look for
|
||||
-- anything, including checking for some expected nondeterminism.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > > dejafu "Test Name" alwaysSame example
|
||||
-- > [fail] Test Name
|
||||
-- > "hello" S0----S1--S0--
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > "world" S0----S2--S0--
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
dejafu :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Show b)
|
||||
=> String
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test.
|
||||
-> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check.
|
||||
-> ConcT r n a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> n Bool
|
||||
dejafu = dejafuWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Variant of 'dejafu' which takes a way to run the program and a
|
||||
-- memory model.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > > import System.Random
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > > dejafuWay (randomly (mkStdGen 0) 100) defaultMemType "Randomly!" alwaysSame example
|
||||
-- > [fail] Randomly!
|
||||
-- > "hello" S0----S1--S0--
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > "world" S0----S2--S0--
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > > dejafuWay (randomly (mkStdGen 1) 100) defaultMemType "Randomly!" alwaysSame example
|
||||
-- > [fail] Randomly!
|
||||
-- > "hello" S0----S1--S0--
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > "world" S0----S2--S1-S0--
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
dejafuWay :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Show b)
|
||||
=> Way
|
||||
@ -372,16 +513,22 @@ dejafuWay :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Show b)
|
||||
-> MemType
|
||||
-- ^ The memory model to use for non-synchronised @CRef@ operations.
|
||||
-> String
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test.
|
||||
-> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check.
|
||||
-> ConcT r n a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> n Bool
|
||||
dejafuWay = dejafuDiscard (const Nothing)
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Variant of 'dejafuWay' which can selectively discard results.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > > dejafuDiscard (\_ -> Just DiscardTrace) defaultWay defaultMemType "Discarding" alwaysSame example
|
||||
-- > [fail] Discarding
|
||||
-- > "hello" <trace discarded>
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > "world" <trace discarded>
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
dejafuDiscard :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Show b)
|
||||
=> (Either Failure a -> Maybe Discard)
|
||||
@ -391,11 +538,11 @@ dejafuDiscard :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Show b)
|
||||
-> MemType
|
||||
-- ^ The memory model to use for non-synchronised @CRef@ operations.
|
||||
-> String
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test.
|
||||
-> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check.
|
||||
-> ConcT r n a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> n Bool
|
||||
dejafuDiscard discard way memtype name test conc = do
|
||||
let discarder = strengthenDiscard discard (pdiscard test)
|
||||
@ -405,18 +552,34 @@ dejafuDiscard discard way memtype name test conc = do
|
||||
-- | Variant of 'dejafu' which takes a collection of predicates to
|
||||
-- test, returning 'True' if all pass.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > > dejafus [("A", alwaysSame), ("B", deadlocksNever)] example
|
||||
-- > [fail] A
|
||||
-- > "hello" S0----S1--S0--
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > "world" S0----S2--S0--
|
||||
-- > [pass] B
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
dejafus :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Show b)
|
||||
=> [(String, ProPredicate a b)]
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check.
|
||||
-> ConcT r n a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> n Bool
|
||||
dejafus = dejafusWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Variant of 'dejafus' which takes a way to run the program and a
|
||||
-- memory model.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- > > dejafusWay defaultWay SequentialConsistency [("A", alwaysSame), ("B", exceptionsNever)] relaxed
|
||||
-- > [fail] A
|
||||
-- > (False,True) S0---------S1----S0--S2----S0--
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > (True,True) S0---------S1-P2----S1---S0---
|
||||
-- >
|
||||
-- > (True,False) S0---------S2----S1----S0---
|
||||
-- > [pass] B
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
dejafusWay :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Show b)
|
||||
=> Way
|
||||
@ -424,9 +587,9 @@ dejafusWay :: (MonadConc n, MonadIO n, MonadRef r n, Show b)
|
||||
-> MemType
|
||||
-- ^ The memory model to use for non-synchronised @CRef@ operations.
|
||||
-> [(String, ProPredicate a b)]
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check.
|
||||
-> ConcT r n a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> n Bool
|
||||
dejafusWay way memtype tests conc = do
|
||||
traces <- runSCTDiscard discarder way memtype conc
|
||||
@ -488,6 +651,10 @@ instance Foldable Result where
|
||||
-- | Run a predicate over all executions within the default schedule
|
||||
-- bounds.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The exact executions tried, and the order in which results are
|
||||
-- found, is unspecified and may change between releases. This may
|
||||
-- affect which failing traces are reported, when there is a failure.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
runTest :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n)
|
||||
=> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
@ -500,6 +667,10 @@ runTest = runTestWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
-- | Variant of 'runTest' which takes a way to run the program and a
|
||||
-- memory model.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The exact executions tried, and the order in which results are
|
||||
-- found, is unspecified and may change between releases. This may
|
||||
-- affect which failing traces are reported, when there is a failure.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
runTestWay :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n)
|
||||
=> Way
|
||||
|
@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ instance NFData TAction where
|
||||
-- Traces
|
||||
|
||||
-- | One of the outputs of the runner is a @Trace@, which is a log of
|
||||
-- decisions made, all the runnable threads and what they would do,
|
||||
-- decisions made, all the unblocked threads and what they would do,
|
||||
-- and the action a thread took in its step.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 0.8.0.0
|
||||
@ -909,9 +909,11 @@ data Failure
|
||||
-- bounds (there have been too many pre-emptions, the computation
|
||||
-- has executed for too long, or there have been too many yields).
|
||||
| Deadlock
|
||||
-- ^ The computation became blocked indefinitely on @MVar@s.
|
||||
-- ^ Every thread is blocked, and the main thread is /not/ blocked
|
||||
-- in an STM transaction.
|
||||
| STMDeadlock
|
||||
-- ^ The computation became blocked indefinitely on @TVar@s.
|
||||
-- ^ Every thread is blocked, and the main thread is blocked in an
|
||||
-- STM transaction.
|
||||
| UncaughtException SomeException
|
||||
-- ^ An uncaught exception bubbled to the top of the computation.
|
||||
| IllegalSubconcurrency
|
||||
|
@ -210,6 +210,9 @@ swarmy = Weighted
|
||||
-- | Explore possible executions of a concurrent program according to
|
||||
-- the given 'Way'.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The exact executions tried, and the order in which results are
|
||||
-- found, is unspecified and may change between releases.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
runSCT :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n)
|
||||
=> Way
|
||||
@ -288,6 +291,9 @@ strengthenDiscard d1 d2 efa = case (d1 efa, d2 efa) of
|
||||
|
||||
-- | A variant of 'runSCT' which can selectively discard results.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The exact executions tried, and the order in which results are
|
||||
-- found, is unspecified and may change between releases.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
runSCTDiscard :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n)
|
||||
=> (Either Failure a -> Maybe Discard)
|
||||
@ -325,6 +331,9 @@ resultsSetDiscard discard way memtype conc =
|
||||
-- Demanding the result of this will force it to normal form, which
|
||||
-- may be more efficient in some situations.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The exact executions tried, and the order in which results are
|
||||
-- found, is unspecified and may change between releases.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
runSCT' :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n, NFData a)
|
||||
=> Way -> MemType -> ConcT r n a -> n [(Either Failure a, Trace)]
|
||||
@ -345,6 +354,9 @@ resultsSet' = resultsSetDiscard' (const Nothing)
|
||||
-- Demanding the result of this will force it to normal form, which
|
||||
-- may be more efficient in some situations.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The exact executions tried, and the order in which results are
|
||||
-- found, is unspecified and may change between releases.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
runSCTDiscard' :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n, NFData a)
|
||||
=> (Either Failure a -> Maybe Discard) -> Way -> MemType -> ConcT r n a -> n [(Either Failure a, Trace)]
|
||||
@ -471,8 +483,8 @@ fBound (FairBound fb) k prior lhead =
|
||||
then Just k'
|
||||
else Nothing
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Add a backtrack point. If the thread isn't runnable, or performs
|
||||
-- a release operation, add all runnable threads.
|
||||
-- | Add a backtrack point. If the thread doesn't exist or is blocked,
|
||||
-- or performs a release operation, add all unblocked threads.
|
||||
fBacktrack :: BacktrackFunc
|
||||
fBacktrack = backtrackAt check where
|
||||
-- True if a release operation is performed.
|
||||
@ -496,8 +508,8 @@ lBound (LengthBound lb) len _ _ =
|
||||
let len' = maybe 1 (+1) len
|
||||
in if len' < lb then Just len' else Nothing
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Add a backtrack point. If the thread isn't runnable, add all
|
||||
-- runnable threads.
|
||||
-- | Add a backtrack point. If the thread doesn't exist or is blocked,
|
||||
-- add all unblocked threads.
|
||||
lBacktrack :: BacktrackFunc
|
||||
lBacktrack = backtrackAt (\_ _ -> False)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -516,6 +528,9 @@ lBacktrack = backtrackAt (\_ _ -> False)
|
||||
-- do some redundant work as the introduction of a bound can make
|
||||
-- previously non-interfering events interfere with each other.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The exact executions tried, and the order in which results are
|
||||
-- found, is unspecified and may change between releases.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
sctBound :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n)
|
||||
=> MemType
|
||||
@ -529,6 +544,9 @@ sctBound = sctBoundDiscard (const Nothing)
|
||||
|
||||
-- | A variant of 'sctBound' which can selectively discard results.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- The exact executions tried, and the order in which results are
|
||||
-- found, is unspecified and may change between releases.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
sctBoundDiscard :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n)
|
||||
=> (Either Failure a -> Maybe Discard)
|
||||
@ -588,6 +606,8 @@ sctUniformRandom = sctUniformRandomDiscard (const Nothing)
|
||||
-- | A variant of 'sctUniformRandom' which can selectively discard
|
||||
-- results.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- This is not guaranteed to find all distinct results.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
sctUniformRandomDiscard :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n, RandomGen g)
|
||||
=> (Either Failure a -> Maybe Discard)
|
||||
@ -635,6 +655,8 @@ sctWeightedRandom = sctWeightedRandomDiscard (const Nothing)
|
||||
-- | A variant of 'sctWeightedRandom' which can selectively discard
|
||||
-- results.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- This is not guaranteed to find all distinct results.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
sctWeightedRandomDiscard :: (MonadConc n, MonadRef r n, RandomGen g)
|
||||
=> (Either Failure a -> Maybe Discard)
|
||||
|
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ import Test.DejaFu.Common
|
||||
-- 1. The last thread executed (if this is the first invocation, this
|
||||
-- is @Nothing@).
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- 2. The runnable threads at this point.
|
||||
-- 2. The unblocked threads.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- 3. The state.
|
||||
--
|
||||
@ -68,15 +68,16 @@ tidOf _ (Start t) = t
|
||||
tidOf _ (SwitchTo t) = t
|
||||
tidOf tid _ = tid
|
||||
|
||||
-- | Get the 'Decision' that would have resulted in this thread identifier,
|
||||
-- given a prior thread (if any) and list of runnable threads.
|
||||
-- | Get the 'Decision' that would have resulted in this thread
|
||||
-- identifier, given a prior thread (if any) and collection of threads
|
||||
-- which are unblocked at this point.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 0.5.0.0
|
||||
decisionOf :: Foldable f
|
||||
=> Maybe ThreadId
|
||||
-- ^ The prior thread.
|
||||
-> f ThreadId
|
||||
-- ^ The runnable threads.
|
||||
-- ^ The threads.
|
||||
-> ThreadId
|
||||
-- ^ The current thread.
|
||||
-> Decision
|
||||
@ -118,16 +119,18 @@ roundRobinSched = Scheduler go where
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
-- Non-preemptive
|
||||
|
||||
-- | A random scheduler which doesn't preempt the running
|
||||
-- thread. That is, if the last thread scheduled is still runnable,
|
||||
-- run that, otherwise schedule randomly.
|
||||
-- | A random scheduler which doesn't preempt the running thread. That
|
||||
-- is, if the previously scheduled thread is not blocked, it is picked
|
||||
-- again, otherwise schedule randomly.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 0.8.0.0
|
||||
randomSchedNP :: RandomGen g => Scheduler g
|
||||
randomSchedNP = makeNonPreemptive randomSched
|
||||
|
||||
-- | A round-robin scheduler which doesn't preempt the running
|
||||
-- thread.
|
||||
-- thread. That is, if the previously scheduled thread is not blocked,
|
||||
-- it is picked again, otherwise schedule the thread with the next
|
||||
-- 'ThreadId'.
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- @since 0.8.0.0
|
||||
roundRobinSchedNP :: Scheduler ()
|
||||
|
@ -3,21 +3,17 @@
|
||||
|
||||
name: dejafu
|
||||
version: 1.0.0.0
|
||||
synopsis: Systematic testing for Haskell concurrency.
|
||||
synopsis: A library for unit-testing concurrent programs.
|
||||
|
||||
description:
|
||||
/[Déjà Fu is] A martial art in which the user's limbs move in time as well as space, […] It is best described as "the feeling that you have been kicked in the head this way before"/ -- Terry Pratchett, Thief of Time
|
||||
.
|
||||
Concurrency is nice, deadlocks and race conditions not so much. The
|
||||
@Par@ monad family, as defined in
|
||||
<https://hackage.haskell.org/package/abstract-par/docs/Control-Monad-Par-Class.html abstract-par>
|
||||
provides deterministic parallelism, but sometimes we can tolerate a
|
||||
bit of nondeterminism.
|
||||
.
|
||||
This package builds on the
|
||||
<https://hackage.haskell.org/package/concurrency concurrency>
|
||||
package by enabling you to systematically and deterministically test
|
||||
your concurrent programs.
|
||||
[concurrency](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/concurrency)
|
||||
package by enabling you to deterministically test your concurrent
|
||||
programs.
|
||||
.
|
||||
See the [website](https://dejafu.readthedocs.io) or README for more.
|
||||
|
||||
homepage: https://github.com/barrucadu/dejafu
|
||||
license: MIT
|
||||
|
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ The ``rewind`` function converts between ``ThreadAction`` and
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, we need to make sure the systematic testing will treat our
|
||||
new primitive correctly. As setting the value of an ``MVar`` may
|
||||
cause previously blocked threads to become runnable, it is a *release*
|
||||
cause previously blocked threads to be unblocked, it is a *release*
|
||||
action. Furthermore, as it writes to an ``MVar`` it is a
|
||||
*synchronised write*:
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ We can see this by testing with different memory models:
|
||||
.. code-block:: none
|
||||
|
||||
> autocheckWay defaultWay SequentialConsistency example
|
||||
[pass] Never Deadlocks (checked: 6)
|
||||
[pass] No Exceptions (checked: 6)
|
||||
[fail] Consistent Result (checked: 5)
|
||||
[pass] Never Deadlocks
|
||||
[pass] No Exceptions
|
||||
[fail] Consistent Result
|
||||
(False,True) S0---------S1----S0--S2----S0--
|
||||
|
||||
(True,True) S0---------S1-P2----S1---S0---
|
||||
@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ We can see this by testing with different memory models:
|
||||
False
|
||||
|
||||
> autocheckWay defaultWay TotalStoreOrder example
|
||||
[pass] Never Deadlocks (checked: 28)
|
||||
[pass] No Exceptions (checked: 28)
|
||||
[fail] Consistent Result (checked: 27)
|
||||
[pass] Never Deadlocks
|
||||
[pass] No Exceptions
|
||||
[fail] Consistent Result
|
||||
(False,True) S0---------S1----S0--S2----S0--
|
||||
|
||||
(False,False) S0---------S1--P2----S1--S0---
|
||||
@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ There are three supported types of bounds:
|
||||
|
||||
Pre-emption bounding
|
||||
Restricts the number of pre-emptive context switches. A context
|
||||
switch is pre-emptive if the previously executing thread is still
|
||||
runnable and did not explicitly yield.
|
||||
switch is pre-emptive if the previously executing thread is not
|
||||
blocked and did not explicitly yield.
|
||||
|
||||
Fair bounding
|
||||
Restricts how many times each thread can yield, by bounding the
|
||||
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ There are three variants:
|
||||
Perform the given number of executions using weighted random
|
||||
scheduling. On creation, a thread is given a random weight, which
|
||||
is used to perform a nonuniform random selection amongst the
|
||||
runnable threads at every scheduling point.
|
||||
enabled (not blocked) threads at every scheduling point.
|
||||
|
||||
``uniformly randomGen numExecutions``
|
||||
Like ``randomly``, but rather than a weighted selection, it's a
|
||||
|
@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ we'll get onto that shortly. First, the result of testing:
|
||||
.. code-block:: none
|
||||
|
||||
> autocheck myFunction
|
||||
[pass] Never Deadlocks (checked: 12)
|
||||
[pass] No Exceptions (checked: 12)
|
||||
[fail] Consistent Result (checked: 11)
|
||||
"hello" S0----S1-P2-S0--
|
||||
[pass] Never Deadlocks
|
||||
[pass] No Exceptions
|
||||
[fail] Consistent Result
|
||||
"hello" S0----S1--S0--
|
||||
|
||||
"world" S0----S2--S0-P1-S0-
|
||||
"world" S0----S2--S0--
|
||||
False
|
||||
|
||||
There are no deadlocks or uncaught exceptions, which is good; but the
|
||||
|
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ assertableP = alwaysTrue $ \case
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
testAuto :: (Eq a, Show a)
|
||||
=> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> Test
|
||||
testAuto = testAutoWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
|
||||
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ testAutoWay :: (Eq a, Show a)
|
||||
-> MemType
|
||||
-- ^ The memory model to use for non-synchronised @CRef@ operations.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> Test
|
||||
testAutoWay way memtype = testDejafusWay way memtype autocheckCases
|
||||
|
||||
@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ autocheckCases =
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
testDejafu :: Show b
|
||||
=> String
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test.
|
||||
-> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> Test
|
||||
testDejafu = testDejafuWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
|
||||
@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ testDejafuWay :: Show b
|
||||
-> String
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test.
|
||||
-> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> Test
|
||||
testDejafuWay = testDejafuDiscard (const Nothing)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ testDejafuDiscard :: Show b
|
||||
-> String
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test.
|
||||
-> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> Test
|
||||
testDejafuDiscard discard way memtype name test =
|
||||
testconc discard way memtype [(name, test)]
|
||||
@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ testDejafuDiscard discard way memtype name test =
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
testDejafus :: Show b
|
||||
=> [(String, ProPredicate a b)]
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> Test
|
||||
testDejafus = testDejafusWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
|
||||
@ -206,9 +206,9 @@ testDejafusWay :: Show b
|
||||
-> MemType
|
||||
-- ^ The memory model to use for non-synchronised @CRef@ operations.
|
||||
-> [(String, ProPredicate a b)]
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> Test
|
||||
testDejafusWay = testconc (const Nothing)
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ instance IsOption Way where
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
testAuto :: (Eq a, Show a)
|
||||
=> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> TestTree
|
||||
testAuto = testAutoWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
|
||||
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ testAutoWay :: (Eq a, Show a)
|
||||
-> MemType
|
||||
-- ^ The memory model to use for non-synchronised @CRef@ operations.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> TestTree
|
||||
testAutoWay way memtype = testDejafusWay way memtype autocheckCases
|
||||
|
||||
@ -172,9 +172,9 @@ testDejafu :: Show b
|
||||
=> TestName
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test.
|
||||
-> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> TestTree
|
||||
testDejafu = testDejafuWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
|
||||
@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ testDejafuWay :: Show b
|
||||
-> TestName
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test.
|
||||
-> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> TestTree
|
||||
testDejafuWay = testDejafuDiscard (const Nothing)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -209,9 +209,9 @@ testDejafuDiscard :: Show b
|
||||
-> String
|
||||
-- ^ The name of the test.
|
||||
-> ProPredicate a b
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check
|
||||
-- ^ The predicate to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> TestTree
|
||||
testDejafuDiscard discard way memtype name test =
|
||||
testconc discard way memtype [(name, test)]
|
||||
@ -223,9 +223,9 @@ testDejafuDiscard discard way memtype name test =
|
||||
-- @since 1.0.0.0
|
||||
testDejafus :: Show b
|
||||
=> [(TestName, ProPredicate a b)]
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> TestTree
|
||||
testDejafus = testDejafusWay defaultWay defaultMemType
|
||||
|
||||
@ -239,9 +239,9 @@ testDejafusWay :: Show b
|
||||
-> MemType
|
||||
-- ^ The memory model to use for non-synchronised @CRef@ operations.
|
||||
-> [(TestName, ProPredicate a b)]
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check
|
||||
-- ^ The list of predicates (with names) to check.
|
||||
-> Conc.ConcIO a
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test
|
||||
-- ^ The computation to test.
|
||||
-> TestTree
|
||||
testDejafusWay = testconc (const Nothing)
|
||||
|
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user