on de7872f help sign in
bat/README.md
475 lines 15 kB history raw
1<p align="center">
2 <img src="doc/logo-header.svg" alt="bat - a cat clone with wings"><br>
3 <a href="https://travis-ci.org/sharkdp/bat"><img src="https://travis-ci.org/sharkdp/bat.svg?branch=master" alt="Build Status"></a>
4 <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/sharkdp/bat"><img src="https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/cptsmtbiwbnr2vhf?svg=true"></a>
5 <img src="https://img.shields.io/crates/l/bat.svg" alt="license">
6 <a href="https://crates.io/crates/bat"><img src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/bat.svg?colorB=319e8c" alt="Version info"></a><br>
7 A <i>cat(1)</i> clone with syntax highlighting and Git integration.
8</p>
10<p align="center">
11 <a href="#syntax-highlighting">Key Features</a> •
12 <a href="#how-to-use">How To Use</a> •
13 <a href="#installation">Installation</a> •
14 <a href="#customization">Customization</a> •
15 <a href="#project-goals-and-alternatives">Project goals, alternatives</a> •
16 Translation [<a href="https://github.com/chinanf-boy/bat-zh">中文</a>][<a href="doc/README-ja.md">日本文</a>]
17</p>
19### Syntax highlighting
21`bat` supports syntax highlighting for a large number of programming and markup
22languages:
24![Syntax highlighting example](https://imgur.com/rGsdnDe.png)
26### Git integration
28`bat` communicates with `git` to show modifications with respect to the index
29(see left side bar):
31![Git integration example](https://i.imgur.com/2lSW4RE.png)
33### Show non-printable characters
35You can use the `-A`/`--show-all` option to show and highlight non-printable
36characters:
38![Non-printable character example](https://i.imgur.com/WndGp9H.png)
40### Automatic paging
42`bat` can pipe its own output to `less` if the output is too large for one screen.
44### File concatenation
46Oh.. you can also use it to concatenate files :wink:. Whenever
47`bat` detects a non-interactive terminal (i.e. when you pipe into another process
48or into a file), `bat` will act as a drop-in replacement for `cat` and
49fall back to printing the plain file contents.
51## How to use
53Display a single file on the terminal
55```bash
56> bat README.md
57```
59Display multiple files at once
61```bash
62> bat src/*.rs
63```
65Read from stdin, determine the syntax automatically
67```bash
68> curl -s https://sh.rustup.rs | bat
69```
71Read from stdin, specify the language explicitly
73```bash
74> yaml2json .travis.yml | json_pp | bat -l json
75```
77Show and highlight non-printable characters:
78```bash
79> bat -A /etc/hosts
80```
82Use it as a `cat` replacement:
84```bash
85bat > note.md # quickly create a new file
87bat header.md content.md footer.md > document.md
89bat -n main.rs # show line numbers (only)
91bat f - g # output 'f', then stdin, then 'g'.
92```
94## Installation
96### On Ubuntu
97*... and other Debian-based Linux distributions.*
99Download the latest `.deb` package from the [release page](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/releases)
100and install it via:
101``` bash
102sudo dpkg -i bat_0.9.0_amd64.deb # adapt version number and architecture
103```
105### On Arch Linux
107You can install [the `bat` package](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/bat/)
108from the official sources:
110```bash
111pacman -S bat
112```
114### On Fedora
116On Fedora 29 and higher, you can install `bat` from the official package sources:
118```bash
119dnf install bat
120```
122### On Void Linux
124You can install `bat` via xbps-install:
125```
126xbps-install -S bat
127```
129### On FreeBSD
131You can install a precompiled [`bat` package](https://www.freshports.org/textproc/bat) with pkg:
133```bash
134pkg install bat
135```
137or build it on your own from the FreeBSD ports:
139```bash
140cd /usr/ports/textproc/bat
141make install
142```
144### Via nix
146You can install `bat` using the [nix package manager](https://nixos.org/nix):
148```bash
149nix-env -i bat
150```
152### On openSUSE
154You can install `bat` with zypper:
156```
157zypper install bat
158```
160### On macOS
162You can install `bat` with [Homebrew](http://braumeister.org/formula/bat):
164```bash
165brew install bat
166```
168### On Windows
170You can download prebuilt binaries from the [Release page](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/releases),
171or install it with [scoop](https://scoop.sh/):
173```bash
174scoop install bat
175```
177[See below](#using-bat-on-windows) for notes.
179### Via Docker
181There is a [Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/r/danlynn/bat/) that you can use to run `bat` in a container:
182```bash
183docker pull danlynn/bat
184alias bat='docker run -it --rm -e BAT_THEME -e BAT_STYLE -e BAT_TABS -v "$(pwd):/myapp" danlynn/bat'
185```
187### Via Ansible
189You can install `bat` with [Ansible](https://www.ansible.com/):
191```bash
192# Install role on local machine
193ansible-galaxy install aeimer.install_bat
194```
196```yaml
197---
198# Playbook to install bat
199- host: all
200 roles:
201 - aeimer.install_bat
202```
204- [Ansible Galaxy](https://galaxy.ansible.com/aeimer/install_bat)
205- [GitHub](https://github.com/aeimer/ansible-install-bat)
207This should work with the following distributions:
208- Debian/Ubuntu
209- ARM (eg. Raspberry PI)
210- Arch Linux
211- Void Linux
212- FreeBSD
213- MacOS
215### From binaries
217Check out the [Release page](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/releases) for
218prebuilt versions of `bat` for many different architectures. Statically-linked
219binaries are also available: look for archives with `musl` in the file name.
221### From source
223If you want to build `bat` from source, you need Rust 1.30 or
224higher. You can then use `cargo` to build everything:
226```bash
227cargo install bat
228```
230You may have to install `cmake` and the `libz` development package
231(`libz-dev` or `libz-devel`) in order for the build to succeed.
233## Customization
235### Highlighting theme
237Use `bat --list-themes` to get a list of all available themes for syntax
238highlighting. To select the `TwoDark` theme, call `bat` with the
239`--theme=TwoDark` option or set the `BAT_THEME` environment variable to
240`TwoDark`. Use `export BAT_THEME="TwoDark"` in your shell's startup file to
241make the change permanent. Alternatively, use `bat`s
242[configuration file](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat#configuration-file).
244If you want to preview the different themes on a custom file, you can use
245the following command (you need [`fzf`](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf) for this):
246``` bash
247bat --list-themes | fzf --preview="bat --theme={} --color=always /path/to/file"
248```
250`bat` looks good on a dark background by default. However, if your terminal uses a
251light background, some themes like `GitHub` or `OneHalfLight` will work better for you.
252You can also use a custom theme by following the
253['Adding new themes' section below](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat#adding-new-themes).
255### Output style
257You can use the `--style` option to control the appearance of `bat`s output.
258You can use `--style=numbers,changes`, for example, to show only Git changes
259and line numbers but no grid and no file header. Set the `BAT_STYLE` environment
260variable to make these changes permanent or use `bat`s
261[configuration file](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat#configuration-file).
263### Adding new syntaxes / language definitions
265`bat` uses the excellent [`syntect`](https://github.com/trishume/syntect/)
266library for syntax highlighting. `syntect` can read any
267[Sublime Text `.sublime-syntax` file](https://www.sublimetext.com/docs/3/syntax.html)
268and theme. To add new syntax definitions, do the following.
270Create a folder with syntax definition files:
272```bash
273mkdir -p "$(bat cache --config-dir)/syntaxes"
274cd "$(bat cache --config-dir)/syntaxes"
276# Put new '.sublime-syntax' language definition files
277# in this folder (or its subdirectories), for example:
278git clone https://github.com/tellnobody1/sublime-purescript-syntax
279```
281Now use the following command to parse these files into a binary cache:
283```bash
284bat cache --init
285```
287Finally, use `bat --list-languages` to check if the new languages are available.
289If you ever want to go back to the default settings, call:
291```bash
292bat cache --clear
293```
295### Adding new themes
297This works very similar to how we add new syntax definitions.
299First, create a folder with the new syntax highlighting themes:
300```bash
301mkdir -p "$(bat cache --config-dir)/themes"
302cd "$(bat cache --config-dir)/themes"
304# Download a theme in '.tmTheme' format, for example:
305git clone https://github.com/greggb/sublime-snazzy
307# Update the binary cache
308bat cache --init
309```
311Finally, use `bat --list-themes` to check if the new themes are available.
313### Using a different pager
315`bat` uses the pager that is specified in the `PAGER` environment variable. If this variable is not
316set, `less` is used by default. If you want to use a different pager, you can either modify the
317`PAGER` variable or set the `BAT_PAGER` environment variable to override what is specified in
318`PAGER`.
320If you want to pass command-line arguments to the pager, you can also set them via the
321`PAGER`/`BAT_PAGER` variables:
323```bash
324export BAT_PAGER="less -RF"
325```
327Instead of using environment variables, you can also use `bat`s [configuration file](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat#configuration-file) to configure the pager (`--pager` option).
329**Note**: By default, if the pager is set to `less` (and no command-line options are specified),
330`bat` will pass the following command line
331options to the pager: `-R`/`--RAW-CONTROL-CHARS`, `-F`/`--quit-if-one-screen` and `-X`/`--no-init`.
332The first (`-R`) is needed to interpret ANSI colors correctly. The second option (`-F`) instructs
333less to exit immediately if the output size is smaller than the vertical size of the terminal.
334This is convenient for small files because you do not have to press `q` to quit the pager. The
335third option (`-X`) is needed to fix a bug with the `--quit-if-one-screen` feature in old versions
336of `less`. Unfortunately, it also breaks mouse-wheel support in `less`. If you want to enable
337mouse-wheel scrolling, you can either pass just `-R` (as in the example above, this will disable
338the quit-if-one-screen feature), or you can use a recent version of `less` and pass `-RF` which
339will hopefully enable both quit-if-one-screen and mouse-wheel scrolling.
341If scrolling still doesn't work for you, you can try to pass the `-S` option in addition.
343## Configuration file
345`bat` can also be customized with a configuration file. The location of the file is dependent
346on your operating system. To get the default path for your system, call
347```
348bat --config-file
349```
351Alternatively, you can use the `BAT_CONFIG_PATH` environment variable to point `bat` to a
352non-default location of the configuration file:
353```bash
354export BAT_CONFIG_PATH="/path/to/bat.conf"
355```
357### Format
359The configuration file is a simple list of command line arguments. Use `bat --help` to see a full list of possible options and values. In addition, you can add comments by prepending a line with the `#` character.
361Example configuration file:
362```bash
363# Set the theme to "TwoDark"
364--theme="TwoDark"
366# Show line numbers, Git modifications and file header (but no grid)
367--style="numbers,changes,header"
369# Use italic text on the terminal (not supported on all terminals)
370--italic-text=always
372# Add mouse scrolling support in less (does not work with older
373# versions of "less")
374--pager="less -FR"
376# Use C++ syntax (instead of C) for .h header files
377--map-syntax h:cpp
379# Use "gitignore" highlighting for ".ignore" files
380--map-syntax .ignore:.gitignore
381```
383## Using `bat` on Windows
385`bat` mostly works out-of-the-box on Windows, but a few features may need extra configuration.
387### Paging
389Windows only includes a very limited pager in the form of `more`. You can download a Windows binary
390for `less` [from its homepage](http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less/download.html) or [through
391Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org/packages/Less). To use it, place the binary in a directory in
392your `PATH` or [define an environment variable](#using-a-different-pager).
394### Colors
396Windows 10 natively supports colors in both `conhost.exe` (Command Prompt) and PowerShell since
397[v1511](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_10_version_history#Version_1511_(November_Update)), as
398well as in newer versions of bash. On earlier versions of Windows, you can use
399[Cmder](http://cmder.net/), which includes [ConEmu](https://conemu.github.io/).
401**Note:** The Git and MSYS versions of `less` do not correctly interpret colors on Windows. If you
402don’t have any other pagers installed, you can disable paging entirely by passing `--paging=never`
403or by setting `BAT_PAGER` to an empty string.
405### Cygwin
407`bat` on Windows does not natively support Cygwin's unix-style paths (`/cygdrive/*`). When passed an absolute cygwin path as an argument, `bat` will encounter the following error: `The system cannot find the path specified. (os error 3)`
409This can be solved by creating a wrapper or adding the following function to your `.bash_profile` file:
411```shell
412bat() {
413 local index
414 local args=("$@")
415 for index in $(seq 0 ${#args[@]}) ; do
416 case "${args[index]}" in
417 -*) continue;;
418 *) [ -e "${args[index]}" ] && args[index]="$(cygpath --windows "${args[index]}")";;
419 esac
420 done
421 command bat "${args[@]}"
423```
425## Troubleshooting
427### Terminals & colors
429`bat` handles terminals *with* and *without* truecolor support. However, the colors in the syntax
430highlighting themes are not optimized for 8-bit colors and it is therefore strongly recommended
431that you use a terminal with 24-bit truecolor support (`terminator`, `konsole`, `iTerm2`, ...).
432See [this article](https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728) for more details and a full list of
433terminals with truecolor support.
435Make sure that your truecolor terminal sets the `COLORTERM` variable to either `truecolor` or
436`24bit`. Otherwise, `bat` will not be able to determine whether or not 24-bit escape sequences
437are supported (and fall back to 8-bit colors).
439### Line numbers and grid are hardly visible
441Please try a different theme (see `bat --list-themes` for a list). The `OneHalfDark` and
442`OneHalfLight` themes provide grid and line colors that are brighter.
444## Development
446```bash
447# Recursive clone to retrieve all submodules
448git clone --recursive https://github.com/sharkdp/bat
450# Build (debug version)
451cd bat
452cargo build
454# Run unit tests and integration tests
455cargo test
457# Install (release version)
458cargo install
460# Build a bat binary with modified syntaxes and themes
461bash assets/create.sh
462cargo install -f
463```
465## Project goals and alternatives
467`bat` tries to achieve the following goals:
469- Provide beautiful, advanced syntax highlighting
470- Integrate with Git to show file modifications
471- Be a drop-in replacement for (POSIX) `cat`
472- Offer a user-friendly command-line interface
474There are a lot of alternatives, if you are looking for similar programs. See
475[this document](doc/alternatives.md) for a comparison.