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@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ Please also refer to the [rate limiting](#rate-limiting) settings below, specifi
and `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit`. Setting these conservatively is necessary to avoid abuse.
## Access control
By default, the ntfy server is open for everyone, meaning **everyone can read and write to any topic**. To restrict access
to your own server, you can optionally configure authentication and authorization.
By default, the ntfy server is open for everyone, meaning **everyone can read and write to any topic** (this is how
ntfy.sh is configured). To restrict access to your own server, you can optionally configure authentication and authorization.
ntfy's auth is implemented with a simple [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/)-based backend. It implements two roles
(`user` and `admin`) and per-topic `read` and `write` permissions using an [access control list (ACL)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access-control_list).
Access control entries can be applied to users as well as the special everyone user (`*`), which represents anonymous API access.
To set up auth, simply configure the following two options:
To set up auth, simply **configure the following two options**:
* `auth-file` is the user/access database; it is created automatically if it doesn't already exist
* `auth-default-access` defines the default/fallback access if no access control entry is found; it can be
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ To set up auth, simply configure the following two options:
Once configured, you can use the `ntfy user` command to [add or modify users](#users-and-roles), and the `ntfy access` command
lets you [modify the access control list](#access-control-list-acl) for specific users and topic patterns. Both of these
commands directly edit the auth database (as defined in `auth-file`), so they only work on the server, and only if the user
commands **directly edit the auth database** (as defined in `auth-file`), so they only work on the server, and only if the user
accessing them has the right permissions.
### Users and roles
@ -163,9 +163,46 @@ ntfy user change-role phil admin # Make user phil an admin
```
### Access control list (ACL)
The access control list manages access to topics for non-admin users. Each entry represents the access permissions for
a user to a specific topic or topic pattern. Here's an example ACL:
The access control list (ACL) **manages access to topics for non-admin users, and for anonymous access**. Each entry
represents the access permissions for a user to a specific topic or topic pattern.
**Modifying the ACL:**
The access control list can be displayed or modified with the `ntfy access` command:
```
ntfy access # Shows the entire access control list
ntfy access USERNAME # Shows access control entries for USERNAME
ntfy access USERNAME TOPIC PERMISSION # Allow/deny access for USERNAME to TOPIC
```
A `USERNAME` is an existing user, as created with `ntfy user add` (see [users and roles](#users-and-roles)), or the
anonymous user `everyone` or `*`, which represents clients that access the API without username/password.
A `TOPIC` is either a specific topic name (e.g. `mytopic`, or `phil_alerts`), or a wildcard pattern that matches any
number of topics (e.g. `alerts_*` or `ben-*`). Only the wildcard character `*` is supported. It stands for zero to any
number of characters.
A `PERMISSION` is any of the following supported permissions:
* `read-write` (alias: `rw`): Allows [publishing messages](publish.md) to the given topic, as well as
[subscribing](subscribe/api.md) and reading messages
* `read-only` (aliases: `read`, `ro`): Allows only subscribing and reading messages, but not publishing to the topic
* `write-only` (aliases: `write`, `wo`): Allows only publishing to the topic, but not subscribing to it
* `deny` (alias: `none`): Allows neither publishing nor subscribing to a topic
**Example commands** (type `ntfy access --help` for more details):
```
ntfy access # Shows entire access control list
ntfy access phil # Shows access for user phil
ntfy access phil mytopic rw # Allow read-write access to mytopic for user phil
ntfy access everyone mytopic rw # Allow anonymous read-write access to mytopic
ntfy access everyone "up*" write # Allow anonymous write-only access to topics "up..."
ntfy access --reset # Reset entire access control list
ntfy access --reset phil # Reset all access for user phil
ntfy access --reset phil mytopic # Reset access for user phil and topic mytopic
```
**Example ACL:**
```
$ ntfy access
User phil (admin)
@ -182,43 +219,9 @@ User * (anonymous)
In this example, `phil` has the role `admin`, so he has read-write access to all topics (no ACL entries are necessary).
User `ben` has three topic-specific entries. He can read, but not write to topic `furnace`, and has read-write access
to topic `garagedoor` and all topics starting with the word `alerts` (wildcards). Clients that are not authenticated
to topic `garagedoor` and all topics starting with the word `alerts` (wildcards). Clients that are not authenticated
(called `*`/`everyone`) only have read access to the `announcements` and `server-stats` topics.
**Modifying the ACL**
The access control list can be modified with the `ntfy access` command:
```
ntfy access # Shows the entire access control list
ntfy access USERNAME # Shows access control entries for USERNAME
ntfy access USERNAME TOPIC PERMISSION # Allow/deny access for USERNAME to TOPIC
```
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
USERNAME an existing user, as created with 'ntfy user add', or "everyone"/"*"
to define access rules for anonymous/unauthenticated clients
TOPIC name of a topic with optional wildcards, e.g. "mytopic*"
**Permissions:**
* read-write (alias: rw)
- read-only (aliases: read, ro)
- write-only (aliases: write, wo)
- deny (alias: none)
**Example commands** (type `ntfy access --help` for more details):
```
ntfy access # Shows entire access control list
ntfy access phil # Shows access for user phil
ntfy access phil mytopic rw # Allow read-write access to mytopic for user phil
ntfy access everyone mytopic rw # Allow anonymous read-write access to mytopic
ntfy access everyone "up*" write # Allow anonymous write-only access to topics "up..."
ntfy access --reset # Reset entire access control list
ntfy access --reset phil # Reset all access for user phil
ntfy access --reset phil mytopic # Reset access for user phil and topic mytopic
```
### Example: Private instance
The easiest way to configure a private instance is to set `auth-default-access` to `deny-all` in the `server.yml`:
@ -714,39 +717,41 @@ Each config option can be set in the config file `/etc/ntfy/server.yml` (e.g. `l
CLI option (e.g. `--listen-http :80`. Here's a list of all available options. Alternatively, you can set an environment
variable before running the `ntfy` command (e.g. `export NTFY_LISTEN_HTTP=:80`).
| Config option | Env variable | Format | Default | Description |
|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|------------------|---------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `base-url` | `NTFY_BASE_URL` | *URL* | - | Public facing base URL of the service (e.g. `https://ntfy.sh`) |
| `listen-http` | `NTFY_LISTEN_HTTP` | `[host]:port` | `:80` | Listen address for the HTTP web server |
| `listen-https` | `NTFY_LISTEN_HTTPS` | `[host]:port` | - | Listen address for the HTTPS web server. If set, you also need to set `key-file` and `cert-file`. |
| `listen-unix` | `NTFY_LISTEN_UNIX` | *filename* | - | Path to a Unix socket to listen on |
| `key-file` | `NTFY_KEY_FILE` | *filename* | - | HTTPS/TLS private key file, only used if `listen-https` is set. |
| `cert-file` | `NTFY_CERT_FILE` | *filename* | - | HTTPS/TLS certificate file, only used if `listen-https` is set. |
| `firebase-key-file` | `NTFY_FIREBASE_KEY_FILE` | *filename* | - | If set, also publish messages to a Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) topic for your app. This is optional and only required to save battery when using the Android app. See [Firebase (FCM](#firebase-fcm). |
| `cache-file` | `NTFY_CACHE_FILE` | *filename* | - | If set, messages are cached in a local SQLite database instead of only in-memory. This allows for service restarts without losing messages in support of the since= parameter. See [message cache](#message-cache). |
| `cache-duration` | `NTFY_CACHE_DURATION` | *duration* | 12h | Duration for which messages will be buffered before they are deleted. This is required to support the `since=...` and `poll=1` parameter. Set this to `0` to disable the cache entirely. |
| `behind-proxy` | `NTFY_BEHIND_PROXY` | *bool* | false | If set, the X-Forwarded-For header is used to determine the visitor IP address instead of the remote address of the connection. |
| `attachment-cache-dir` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_CACHE_DIR` | *directory* | - | Cache directory for attached files. To enable attachments, this has to be set. |
| `attachment-total-size-limit` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT` | *size* | 5G | Limit of the on-disk attachment cache directory. If the limits is exceeded, new attachments will be rejected. |
| `attachment-file-size-limit` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_FILE_SIZE_LIMIT` | *size* | 15M | Per-file attachment size limit (e.g. 300k, 2M, 100M). Larger attachment will be rejected. |
| `attachment-expiry-duration` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_EXPIRY_DURATION` | *duration* | 3h | Duration after which uploaded attachments will be deleted (e.g. 3h, 20h). Strongly affects `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit`. |
| `smtp-sender-addr` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_ADDR` | `host:port` | - | SMTP server address to allow email sending |
| `smtp-sender-user` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_USER` | *string* | - | SMTP user; only used if e-mail sending is enabled |
| `smtp-sender-pass` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_PASS` | *string* | - | SMTP password; only used if e-mail sending is enabled |
| `smtp-sender-from` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_FROM` | *e-mail address* | - | SMTP sender e-mail address; only used if e-mail sending is enabled |
| `smtp-server-listen` | `NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_LISTEN` | `[ip]:port` | - | Defines the IP address and port the SMTP server will listen on, e.g. `:25` or `1.2.3.4:25` |
| `smtp-server-domain` | `NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_DOMAIN` | *domain name* | - | SMTP server e-mail domain, e.g. `ntfy.sh` |
| `smtp-server-addr-prefix` | `NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_ADDR_PREFIX` | `[ip]:port` | - | Optional prefix for the e-mail addresses to prevent spam, e.g. `ntfy-` |
| `keepalive-interval` | `NTFY_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL` | *duration* | 45s | Interval in which keepalive messages are sent to the client. This is to prevent intermediaries closing the connection for inactivity. Note that the Android app has a hardcoded timeout at 77s, so it should be less than that. |
| `manager-interval` | `$NTFY_MANAGER_INTERVAL` | *duration* | 1m | Interval in which the manager prunes old messages, deletes topics and prints the stats. |
| `global-topic-limit` | `NTFY_GLOBAL_TOPIC_LIMIT` | *number* | 15,000 | Rate limiting: Total number of topics before the server rejects new topics. |
| `visitor-subscription-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIPTION_LIMIT` | *number* | 30 | Rate limiting: Number of subscriptions per visitor (IP address) |
| `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT` | *size* | 100M | Rate limiting: Total storage limit used for attachments per visitor, for all attachments combined. Storage is freed after attachments expire. See `attachment-expiry-duration`. |
| `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT` | *size* | 500M | Rate limiting: Total daily attachment download/upload traffic limit per visitor. This is to protect your bandwidth costs from exploding. |
| `visitor-request-limit-burst` | `NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_BURST` | *number* | 60 | Rate limiting: Allowed GET/PUT/POST requests per second, per visitor. This setting is the initial bucket of requests each visitor has |
| `visitor-request-limit-replenish` | `NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_REPLENISH` | *duration* | 10s | Rate limiting: Strongly related to `visitor-request-limit-burst`: The rate at which the bucket is refilled |
| `visitor-email-limit-burst` | `NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_BURST` | *number* | 16 | Rate limiting:Initial limit of e-mails per visitor |
| `visitor-email-limit-replenish` | `NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_REPLENISH` | *duration* | 1h | Rate limiting: Strongly related to `visitor-email-limit-burst`: The rate at which the bucket is refilled |
| Config option | Env variable | Format | Default | Description |
|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|---------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `base-url` | `NTFY_BASE_URL` | *URL* | - | Public facing base URL of the service (e.g. `https://ntfy.sh`) |
| `listen-http` | `NTFY_LISTEN_HTTP` | `[host]:port` | `:80` | Listen address for the HTTP web server |
| `listen-https` | `NTFY_LISTEN_HTTPS` | `[host]:port` | - | Listen address for the HTTPS web server. If set, you also need to set `key-file` and `cert-file`. |
| `listen-unix` | `NTFY_LISTEN_UNIX` | *filename* | - | Path to a Unix socket to listen on |
| `key-file` | `NTFY_KEY_FILE` | *filename* | - | HTTPS/TLS private key file, only used if `listen-https` is set. |
| `cert-file` | `NTFY_CERT_FILE` | *filename* | - | HTTPS/TLS certificate file, only used if `listen-https` is set. |
| `firebase-key-file` | `NTFY_FIREBASE_KEY_FILE` | *filename* | - | If set, also publish messages to a Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) topic for your app. This is optional and only required to save battery when using the Android app. See [Firebase (FCM](#firebase-fcm). |
| `cache-file` | `NTFY_CACHE_FILE` | *filename* | - | If set, messages are cached in a local SQLite database instead of only in-memory. This allows for service restarts without losing messages in support of the since= parameter. See [message cache](#message-cache). |
| `cache-duration` | `NTFY_CACHE_DURATION` | *duration* | 12h | Duration for which messages will be buffered before they are deleted. This is required to support the `since=...` and `poll=1` parameter. Set this to `0` to disable the cache entirely. |
| `auth-file` | `NTFY_AUTH_FILE` | *filename* | - | Auth database file used for access control. If set, enables authentication and access control. See [access control](#access-control). |
| `auth-default-access` | `NTFY_AUTH_DEFAULT_ACCESS` | `read-write`, `read-only`, `write-only`, `deny-all` | - | Default permissions if no matching entries in the auth database are found. Default is `read-write`. |
| `behind-proxy` | `NTFY_BEHIND_PROXY` | *bool* | false | If set, the X-Forwarded-For header is used to determine the visitor IP address instead of the remote address of the connection. |
| `attachment-cache-dir` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_CACHE_DIR` | *directory* | - | Cache directory for attached files. To enable attachments, this has to be set. |
| `attachment-total-size-limit` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT` | *size* | 5G | Limit of the on-disk attachment cache directory. If the limits is exceeded, new attachments will be rejected. |
| `attachment-file-size-limit` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_FILE_SIZE_LIMIT` | *size* | 15M | Per-file attachment size limit (e.g. 300k, 2M, 100M). Larger attachment will be rejected. |
| `attachment-expiry-duration` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_EXPIRY_DURATION` | *duration* | 3h | Duration after which uploaded attachments will be deleted (e.g. 3h, 20h). Strongly affects `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit`. |
| `smtp-sender-addr` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_ADDR` | `host:port` | - | SMTP server address to allow email sending |
| `smtp-sender-user` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_USER` | *string* | - | SMTP user; only used if e-mail sending is enabled |
| `smtp-sender-pass` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_PASS` | *string* | - | SMTP password; only used if e-mail sending is enabled |
| `smtp-sender-from` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_FROM` | *e-mail address* | - | SMTP sender e-mail address; only used if e-mail sending is enabled |
| `smtp-server-listen` | `NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_LISTEN` | `[ip]:port` | - | Defines the IP address and port the SMTP server will listen on, e.g. `:25` or `1.2.3.4:25` |
| `smtp-server-domain` | `NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_DOMAIN` | *domain name* | - | SMTP server e-mail domain, e.g. `ntfy.sh` |
| `smtp-server-addr-prefix` | `NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_ADDR_PREFIX` | `[ip]:port` | - | Optional prefix for the e-mail addresses to prevent spam, e.g. `ntfy-` |
| `keepalive-interval` | `NTFY_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL` | *duration* | 45s | Interval in which keepalive messages are sent to the client. This is to prevent intermediaries closing the connection for inactivity. Note that the Android app has a hardcoded timeout at 77s, so it should be less than that. |
| `manager-interval` | `$NTFY_MANAGER_INTERVAL` | *duration* | 1m | Interval in which the manager prunes old messages, deletes topics and prints the stats. |
| `global-topic-limit` | `NTFY_GLOBAL_TOPIC_LIMIT` | *number* | 15,000 | Rate limiting: Total number of topics before the server rejects new topics. |
| `visitor-subscription-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIPTION_LIMIT` | *number* | 30 | Rate limiting: Number of subscriptions per visitor (IP address) |
| `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT` | *size* | 100M | Rate limiting: Total storage limit used for attachments per visitor, for all attachments combined. Storage is freed after attachments expire. See `attachment-expiry-duration`. |
| `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT` | *size* | 500M | Rate limiting: Total daily attachment download/upload traffic limit per visitor. This is to protect your bandwidth costs from exploding. |
| `visitor-request-limit-burst` | `NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_BURST` | *number* | 60 | Rate limiting: Allowed GET/PUT/POST requests per second, per visitor. This setting is the initial bucket of requests each visitor has |
| `visitor-request-limit-replenish` | `NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_REPLENISH` | *duration* | 10s | Rate limiting: Strongly related to `visitor-request-limit-burst`: The rate at which the bucket is refilled |
| `visitor-email-limit-burst` | `NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_BURST` | *number* | 16 | Rate limiting:Initial limit of e-mails per visitor |
| `visitor-email-limit-replenish` | `NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_REPLENISH` | *duration* | 1h | Rate limiting: Strongly related to `visitor-email-limit-burst`: The rate at which the bucket is refilled |
The format for a *duration* is: `<number>(smh)`, e.g. 30s, 20m or 1h.
The format for a *size* is: `<number>(GMK)`, e.g. 1G, 200M or 4000k.
@ -760,6 +765,9 @@ NAME:
USAGE:
ntfy serve [OPTIONS..]
CATEGORY:
Server commands
DESCRIPTION:
Run the ntfy server and listen for incoming requests
@ -781,6 +789,8 @@ OPTIONS:
--firebase-key-file value, -F value Firebase credentials file; if set additionally publish to FCM topic [$NTFY_FIREBASE_KEY_FILE]
--cache-file value, -C value cache file used for message caching [$NTFY_CACHE_FILE]
--cache-duration since, -b since buffer messages for this time to allow since requests (default: 12h0m0s) [$NTFY_CACHE_DURATION]
--auth-file value, -H value auth database file used for access control [$NTFY_AUTH_FILE]
--auth-default-access value, -p value default permissions if no matching entries in the auth database are found (default: "read-write") [$NTFY_AUTH_DEFAULT_ACCESS]
--attachment-cache-dir value cache directory for attached files [$NTFY_ATTACHMENT_CACHE_DIR]
--attachment-total-size-limit value, -A value limit of the on-disk attachment cache (default: 5G) [$NTFY_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT]
--attachment-file-size-limit value, -Y value per-file attachment size limit (e.g. 300k, 2M, 100M) (default: 15M) [$NTFY_ATTACHMENT_FILE_SIZE_LIMIT]