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< ol class = "chapter" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.< / strong > Introduction< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "start/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.< / strong > Quick Start< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "start/iso.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.1.< / strong > ISO< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "start/bootstrapping.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.2.< / strong > Bootstrapping< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "start/from-nixos.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.3.< / strong > From NixOS< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "concepts/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.< / strong > Key Concepts< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "concepts/extern.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.< / strong > Extern< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "concepts/hosts.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.2.< / strong > Hosts< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "concepts/overrides.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.3.< / strong > Overrides< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "concepts/profiles.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.4.< / strong > Profiles< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "concepts/suites.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.5.< / strong > Suites< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "concepts/users.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.6.< / strong > Users< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "outputs/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.< / strong > Outputs< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "outputs/modules.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.< / strong > Modules< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "outputs/overlays.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.2.< / strong > Overlays< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "outputs/pkgs.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.3.< / strong > Packages< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < div > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.< / strong > Concerns< / div > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "lib.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.1.< / strong > Lib< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "secrets.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.2.< / strong > Secrets< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "tests.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.3.< / strong > Tests< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "flk/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.< / strong > Helper Script – < / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "flk/up.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.1.< / strong > up< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "flk/update.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.2.< / strong > update< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "flk/get.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.3.< / strong > get< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "flk/iso.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.4.< / strong > iso< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "flk/install.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.5.< / strong > install< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "flk/home.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.6.< / strong > home< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "integrations/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.< / strong > Integrations< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "integrations/cachix.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.1.< / strong > Cachix< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "integrations/deploy.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.2.< / strong > Deploy RS< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "integrations/hercules.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 7.3.< / strong > Hercules CI< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "CONTRIBUTING.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 8.< / strong > Contributing< / a > < / li > < / ol >
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< p > < a href = "https://app.bors.tech/repositories/32678" > < img src = "https://bors.tech/images/badge_small.svg" alt = "Bors enabled" / > < / a >
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< a href = "https://mit-license.org" > < img src = "https://img.shields.io/github/license/divnix/devos" alt = "MIT License" / > < / a >
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< a href = "https://nixos.org" > < img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/NixOS-unstable-blue.svg?style=flat&logo=NixOS&logoColor=white" alt = "NixOS" / > < / a > < / p >
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< blockquote >
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< h4 id = "-advisory-" > < a class = "header" href = "#-advisory-" > ⚠ Advisory ⚠< / a > < / h4 >
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< p > DevOS requires the < a href = "https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Flakes" > flakes< / a > feature available via an < em > experimental< / em >
branch of < a href = "https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable" > nix< / a > . Until nix 3.0 is released, this project
should be considered unstable, though quite usable as flakes have been
maturing < em > well< / em > < a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/tree/17713c22d07c54525c728c62060a0428b76dee3b" > for a while< / a > .< / p >
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< / blockquote >
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< h1 id = "introduction" > < a class = "header" href = "#introduction" > Introduction< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > DevOS grants a simple way to use, deploy and manage < a href = "https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable" > NixOS< / a > systems for
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personal and productive use. A sane repository structure is provided,
integrating several popular projects like < a href = "https://nix-community.github.io/home-manager" > home-manager< / a > ,
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< a href = "https://github.com/numtide/devshell" > devshell< / a > , and < a href = ".././doc/integrations" > more< / a > .< / p >
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< p > Striving for < em > < strong > nix first™< / strong > < / em > solutions with unobstrusive implementations,
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a < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/master/src/nix/flake.md" > flake centric< / a > approach is taken for useful conveniences such as
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< a href = ".././pkgs#automatic-source-updates" > automatic source updates< / a > .< / p >
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< p > Skip the indeterminate nature of other systems, < em > and< / em > the perceived
tedium of bootstrapping Nix. It's easier than you think!< / p >
< h3 id = "status-alpha" > < a class = "header" href = "#status-alpha" > Status: Alpha< / a > < / h3 >
< p > A lot of the implementation is less than perfect, and huge
< a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/issues/152" > redesigns< / a > < em > will< / em > happen. There
are unstable versions (0.< em > x< / em > .< em > x< / em > ) to help users keep track of changes and
progress.< / p >
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< h2 id = "getting-started" > < a class = "header" href = "#getting-started" > Getting Started< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Check out the < a href = "https://devos.divnix.com/start" > guide< / a > to get up and running.< / p >
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< h2 id = "in-the-wild" > < a class = "header" href = "#in-the-wild" > In the Wild< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > The author maintains his own branch, so you can take inspiration, direction, or
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make critical comments about the < a href = "https://github.com/nrdxp/devos/tree/nrd" > code< / a > . 😜< / p >
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< h2 id = "motivation" > < a class = "header" href = "#motivation" > Motivation< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > NixOS provides an amazing abstraction to manage our environment, but that new
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power can sometimes bring feelings of overwhelm and confusion. Having a turing
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complete system can easily lead to unlimited complexity if we do it wrong.
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Instead, we should have a community consensus on how to manage a NixOS system
and its satellite projects, from which best practices can evolve.< / p >
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< p > < em > < strong > The future is declarative! 🎉< / strong > < / em > < / p >
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< h2 id = "upstream" > < a class = "header" href = "#upstream" > Upstream< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > I'd love to see this in the nix-community should anyone believe its reached a
point of maturity to be generally useful, but I'm all for waiting until
1.0< a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/issues/121" > #121< / a > to save the cache work,
too.< / p >
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< h2 id = "community-profiles" > < a class = "header" href = "#community-profiles" > Community Profiles< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > There are two branches from which to choose: < a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos" > core< / a > and
< a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/tree/community" > community< / a > . The community branch builds on core and includes
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several ready-made profiles for discretionary use.< / p >
< p > Every package and NixOS profile declared in community is uploaded to
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< a href = ".././integrations/cachix.html" > cachix< / a > , so everything provided is available
without building anything. This is especially useful for the packages that are
< a href = ".././concepts/overrides.html" > overridden< / a > from master, as without the cache,
rebuilds are quite frequent.< / p >
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< h2 id = "inspiration--art" > < a class = "header" href = "#inspiration--art" > Inspiration & Art< / a > < / h2 >
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< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/hlissner/dotfiles" > hlissner/dotfiles< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/nix-community/nix-user-chroot" > nix-user-chroot< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/tweag/nickel" > Nickel< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/nix-community/awesome-nix" > Awesome Nix< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/numtide/devshell" > devshell< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
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< h1 id = "license" > < a class = "header" href = "#license" > License< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > DevOS is licensed under the < a href = "https://mit-license.org" > MIT License< / a > .< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "quick-start" > < a class = "header" href = "#quick-start" > Quick Start< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The only dependency is nix, so make sure you have it < a href = "https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/#sect-multi-user-installation" > installed< / a > .< / p >
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< h2 id = "get-the-template" > < a class = "header" href = "#get-the-template" > Get the Template< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Here is a snippet that will get you the template without the git history:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > nix-shell -p cachix --run " cachix use nrdxp"
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nix-shell https://github.com/divnix/devos/archive/core.tar.gz -A shell \
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--run " flk get core"
cd flk
nix-shell
git init
git add .
git commit -m init
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > This will place you in a new folder named < code > flk< / code > with git initialized, and a
nix-shell that provides all the dependencies, including the unstable nix
version required.< / p >
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< p > In addition, the < a href = "start/../integrations/cachix.html" > binary cache< / a > is added for faster deployment.< / p >
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< blockquote >
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< h5 id = "notes" > < a class = "header" href = "#notes" > < em > Notes:< / em > < / a > < / h5 >
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< ul >
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< li > You can change < code > core< / code > to < a href = "start/../../index.html#community-profiles" > < code > community< / code > < / a >
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in the call to < code > flk get< / code > < / li >
< li > Flakes ignore files that have not been added to git, so be sure to stage new
files before building the system.< / li >
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< li > You can choose to simply clone the repo with git if you want to follow
upstream changes.< / li >
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< / ul >
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< / blockquote >
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< h2 id = "next-steps" > < a class = "header" href = "#next-steps" > Next Steps:< / a > < / h2 >
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< ul >
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< li > < a href = "start/./iso.html" > Make installable ISO< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "start/./bootstrapping.html" > Bootstrap Host< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "start/./from-nixos.html" > Already on NixOS< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "iso" > < a class = "header" href = "#iso" > ISO< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Making and writing an installable iso for < code > hosts/NixOS.nix< / code > is as simple as:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk iso NixOS
dd bs=4M if=result/iso/*.iso of=/dev/$your_installation_device \
status=progress oflag=sync
< / code > < / pre >
< p > This works for any file matching < code > hosts/*.nix< / code > excluding < code > default.nix< / code > .< / p >
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< h2 id = "iso-image-nix-store--cache" > < a class = "header" href = "#iso-image-nix-store--cache" > ISO image nix store & cache< / a > < / h2 >
< p > The iso image holds the store to the live environment and < em > also< / em > acts as a binay cache
to the installer. To considerably speed up things, the image already includes all flake
< code > inputs< / code > as well as the < code > devshell< / code > closures.< / p >
< p > While you < em > could< / em > provision any machine with a single stick, a bespoke iso maximises
those local cache hits.< / p >
< p > For hosts that don't differ too much, a common usb stick might be ok, whereas when
there are bigger differences, a bespoke usb stick will be considerably faster.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "bootstrapping" > < a class = "header" href = "#bootstrapping" > Bootstrapping< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > This will help you boostrap a bare host with the help of the
< a href = "start/./iso.html" > bespoke iso< / a > live installer.< / p >
< p > < em > Note: nothing prevents you from remotely executing the boostrapping
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process. See below.< / em > < / p >
< p > Once your target host has booted into the live iso, you need to partion
and format your disk according to the < a href = "https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-installation-partitioning" > official manual< / a > .< / p >
< h2 id = "mount-partitions" > < a class = "header" href = "#mount-partitions" > Mount partitions< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Then properly mount the formatted partitions at < code > /mnt< / code > , so that you can
install your system to those new partitions.< / p >
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< p > Mount < code > nixos< / code > partition to < code > /mnt< / code > and — for UEFI — < code > boot< / code >
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partition to < code > /mnt/boot< / code > :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-console" > $ mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
$ mkdir -p /mnt/boot & & mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot # UEFI only
$ swapon /dev/$your_swap_partition
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "install" > < a class = "header" href = "#install" > Install< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Install using the < code > flk< / code > wrapper baked into the iso off of a copy of devos
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from the time the iso was built:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-console" > $ cd /iso/devos
$ nix develop
$ flk install NixOS --impure # use same host as above
< / code > < / pre >
<!-- TODO: find out why - - impure is necesary / PRs welcome! -->
< h2 id = "notes-of-interest" > < a class = "header" href = "#notes-of-interest" > Notes of interest< / a > < / h2 >
< h3 id = "remote-access-to-the-live-installer" > < a class = "header" href = "#remote-access-to-the-live-installer" > Remote access to the live installer< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > The iso live installer comes preconfigured with a network configuration
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which announces it's hostname via < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_DNS" > MulticastDNS< / a > as < code > hostname.local< / code > ,
that is < code > NixOS.local< / code > in the < a href = "start/./iso" > iso example< / a > .< / p >
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< p > In the rare case that < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_DNS" > MulticastDNS< / a > is not availabe or turned off
in your network, there is a static link-local IPv6 address configured to
< code > fe80::47< / code > (mnemonic from the letter's position in the english alphabet:
< code > n=14 i=9 x=24; 47 = n+i+x< / code > ).< / p >
< p > Provided that you have added your public key to the authorized keys of the
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< code > root< / code > user < em > (hint: < a href = "start/../integrations/deploy.html" > < code > deploy-rs< / code > < / a > needs passwordless
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sudo access)< / em > :< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { ... }:
{
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users.users.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keyFiles = [
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../secrets/path/to/key.pub
];
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > You can then ssh into the live installer through one of the
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following options:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-console" > ssh root@NixOS.local
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ssh root@fe80::47%eno1 # where eno1 is your network interface on which you are linked to the target
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > < em > Note: the < a href = "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7404" > static link-local IPv6 address< / a > and < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_DNS" > MulticastDNS< / a > is only
configured on the live installer. If you wish to enable < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_DNS" > MulticastDNS< / a >
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for your environment, you ought to configure that in a regular < a href = "start/../concepts/profiles.html" > profile< / a > .< / em > < / p >
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< h3 id = "eui-64-lla--host-identity" > < a class = "header" href = "#eui-64-lla--host-identity" > EUI-64 LLA & Host Identity< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > The iso's IPv6 Link Local Address (LLA) is configured with a static 64-bit Extended
Unique Identifiers (EUI-64) that is derived from the host interface's Message
Authentication Code (MAC) address.< / p >
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< p > After a little while (a few seconds), you can remotely discover this unique and host
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specific address over < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol" > NDP< / a > for example with:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-console" > ip -6 neigh show # also shows fe80::47
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > < em > < strong > This LLA is stable for the host, unless you need to swap that particular network card.< / strong > < / em >
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Under this reservation, though, you may use this EUI-64 to wire up a specific
(cryptographic) host identity.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "from-nixos" > < a class = "header" href = "#from-nixos" > From NixOS< / a > < / h1 >
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< h2 id = "generate-configuration" > < a class = "header" href = "#generate-configuration" > Generate Configuration< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Assuming you're happy with your existing partition layout, you can generate a
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basic NixOS configuration for your system using:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk up
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > This will make a new file < code > hosts/up-$(hostname).nix< / code > , which you can edit to
your liking.< / p >
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< p > You must then add a host to < code > nixos.hosts< / code > in flake.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > {
nixos.hosts = {
modules = hosts/NixOS.nix;
};
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Make sure your < code > i18n.defaultLocale< / code > and < code > time.timeZone< / code > are set properly for
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your region. Keep in mind that < code > networking.hostName< / code > will be automatically
set to the name of your host;< / p >
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< p > Now might be a good time to read the docs on < a href = "start/../concepts/suites.html" > suites< / a > and
< a href = "start/../concepts/profiles.html" > profiles< / a > and add or create any that you need.< / p >
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< blockquote >
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< h5 id = "note" > < a class = "header" href = "#note" > < em > Note:< / em > < / a > < / h5 >
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< p > While the < code > up< / code > sub-command is provided as a convenience to quickly set up and
install a " fresh" NixOS system on current hardware, committing these files is
discouraged.< / p >
< p > They are placed in the git staging area automatically because they would be
invisible to the flake otherwise, but it is best to move what you need from
them directly into a host module of your own making, and commit that instead.< / p >
< / blockquote >
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< h1 id = "installation" > < a class = "header" href = "#installation" > Installation< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Once you're ready to deploy < code > hosts/my-host.nix< / code > :< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk my-host switch
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > This calls < code > nixos-rebuild< / code > with sudo to build and install your configuration.< / p >
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< blockquote >
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< h5 id = "notes-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#notes-1" > < em > Notes:< / em > < / a > < / h5 >
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< ul >
< li >
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< p > Instead of < code > switch< / code > , you can pass < code > build< / code > , < code > test< / code > , < code > boot< / code > , etc just as with
< code > nixos-rebuild< / code > .< / p >
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< / li >
< li >
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< p > It is convenient to have the template living at < code > /etc/nixos< / code > so you can
simply < code > sudo nixos-rebuild switch< / code > from anywhere on the system, but it is
not required.< / p >
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< / li >
< / ul >
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< / blockquote >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "key-concepts" > < a class = "header" href = "#key-concepts" > Key Concepts< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > There are few idioms unique to DevOS. This section is dedicated to helping you
understand them.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "external-art" > < a class = "header" href = "#external-art" > External Art< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > When you need to use a module, overlay, or pass a value from one of your inputs
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to the rest of your NixOS configuration, you can make use of a couple arguments.
It is encouraged to add external art directly in your < code > flake.nix< / code > so the file
represents a complete dependency overview of your flake.< / p >
< h2 id = "overlays" > < a class = "header" href = "#overlays" > Overlays< / a > < / h2 >
< p > External overlays can directly be added to a channel's < code > overlays< / code > list.< / p >
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< p > flake.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > {
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channels.nixos.overlays = [ inputs.agenix.overlay ];
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}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Upon exporting overlays, these overlays will be automatically filtered out by inspecting the < code > inputs< / code > argument.< / p >
< h2 id = "modules" > < a class = "header" href = "#modules" > Modules< / a > < / h2 >
< p > There is a dedicated < code > nixos.hostDefaults.externalModules< / code > argument for external
modules.< / p >
< p > flake.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > {
nixos.hostDefaults.externalModules = [ inputs.agenix.nixosModules.age ];
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}
< / code > < / pre >
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< h2 id = "home-manager" > < a class = "header" href = "#home-manager" > Home Manager< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Since there isn't a < code > hosts< / code > concept for home-manager, externalModules is just a
top-level argument in the < code > home< / code > namespace.< / p >
< p > flake.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > {
home.externalModules = [ doom-emacs = doom-emacs.hmModule ];
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}
< / code > < / pre >
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< blockquote >
< h5 id = "note-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#note-1" > Note:< / a > < / h5 >
< p > To avoid declaring " external" modules separately, which is obvious since they come from < code > inputs< / code > , the optimal solution would be to automatically export modules that were created in
your flake. But this is not possible due to NixOS/nix#4740.< / p >
< / blockquote >
< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "hosts" > < a class = "header" href = "#hosts" > Hosts< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Nix flakes contain an output called < code > nixosConfigurations< / code > declaring an
attribute set of valid NixOS systems. To simplify the management and creation
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of these hosts, devos automatically imports every < em > .nix< / em > file inside this
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directory to the mentioned attribute set, applying the projects defaults to
each. The only hard requirement is that the file contain a valid NixOS module.< / p >
< p > As an example, a file < code > hosts/system.nix< / code > will be available via the flake
output < code > nixosConfigurations.system< / code > . You can have as many hosts as you want
and all of them will be automatically imported based on their name.< / p >
< p > For each host, the configuration automatically sets the < code > networking.hostName< / code >
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attribute to the name of the file minus the < em > .nix< / em > extension. This is for
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convenience, since < code > nixos-rebuild< / code > automatically searches for a configuration
matching the current systems hostname if one is not specified explicitly.< / p >
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< p > You can set channels, systems, and add extra modules to each host by editing the
< code > nixos.hosts< / code > argument in flake.nix. This is the perfect place to import
host specific modules from external sources, such as the
< a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-hardware" > nixos-hardware< / a > repository.< / p >
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< p > It is recommended that the host modules only contain configuration information
specific to a particular piece of hardware. Anything reusable across machines
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is best saved for < a href = "concepts/./profiles.html" > profile modules< / a > .< / p >
< p > This is a good place to import sets of profiles, called < a href = "concepts/./suites.html" > suites< / a > ,
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that you intend to use on your machine.< / p >
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< h2 id = "example" > < a class = "header" href = "#example" > Example< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > flake.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > {
nixos.hosts = mkMerge [
(devos.lib.importHosts ./hosts)
{
librem = {
channelName = " latest" ;
modules = [ hardware.purism-librem-13v3 ];
};
}
];
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > hosts/librem.nix:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { suites, ... }:
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{
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imports = suites.laptop;
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boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
fileSystems." /" = { device = " /dev/disk/by-label/nixos" ; };
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "overrides" > < a class = "header" href = "#overrides" > Overrides< / a > < / h1 >
< p > Each NixOS host follows one channel. But many times it is useful to get packages
or modules from different channels.< / p >
< h2 id = "packages" > < a class = "header" href = "#packages" > Packages< / a > < / h2 >
< p > You can make use of < code > overlays/overrides.nix< / code > to override specific packages in the
default channel to be pulled from other channels. That file is simply an example
of how any overlay can get < code > channels< / code > as their first argument.< / p >
< p > You can add overlays to any channel to override packages from other channels.< / p >
< p > Pulling the manix package from the < code > latest< / code > channel:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > channels: final: prev: {
__dontExport = true;
inherit (pkgs.latest) manix;
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}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > It is recommended to set the < code > __dontExport< / code > property for override specific
overlays. < code > overlays/overrides.nix< / code > is the best place to consolidate all package
overrides and the property is already set for you.< / p >
< h2 id = "modules-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#modules-1" > Modules< / a > < / h2 >
< p > You can also pull modules from other channels. All modules have access to the
< code > modulesPath< / code > for each channel as < code > < channelName> ModulesPath< / code > . And you can use
< code > disabledModules< / code > to remove modules from the current channel.< / p >
< p > Pulling the zsh module from the < code > latest< / code > channel:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { latestModulesPath }: {
modules = [ " ${latestModulesPath}/programs/zsh/zsh.nix" ];
disabledModules = [ " programs/zsh/zsh.nix" ];
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}
< / code > < / pre >
< blockquote >
< h5 id = "note-2" > < a class = "header" href = "#note-2" > < em > Note:< / em > < / a > < / h5 >
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< p > Sometimes a modules name will change from one branch to another.< / p >
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< / blockquote >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "profiles" > < a class = "header" href = "#profiles" > Profiles< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Profiles are a convenient shorthand for the < a href = "https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-option-definitions" > < em > definition< / em > < / a > of
< a href = "https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-writing-modules" > options< / a > in contrast to their < a href = "https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-option-declarations" > < em > declaration< / em > < / a > . They're
built into the NixOS module system for a reason: to elegantly provide a clear
separation of concerns.< / p >
< p > If you need guidance, a community < a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/tree/community/profiles" > branch< / a >
is maintained to help get up to speed on their usage.< / p >
< h2 id = "constraints" > < a class = "header" href = "#constraints" > Constraints< / a > < / h2 >
< p > For the sake of consistency, a profile should always be defined in a
< em > < strong > default.nix< / strong > < / em > containing a < a href = "https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Module#structure" > nixos module config< / a > .
A profile's directory is used for quick modularization of
< a href = "concepts/./profiles.html#subprofiles" > interelated bits< / a > .< / p >
< blockquote >
< h5 id = "notes-2" > < a class = "header" href = "#notes-2" > < em > Notes:< / em > < / a > < / h5 >
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< ul >
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< li > For < em > declaring< / em > module options, there's the < a href = "concepts/../outputs/modules.html" > modules< / a > directory.< / li >
< li > This directory takes inspiration from
< a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/modules/profiles" > upstream< / a >
.< / li >
< li > Sticking to a simple < a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/tree/core/lib/devos/mkProfileAttrs.nix" > spec< / a > has refreshing advantages.
< a href = "concepts/../integrations/hercules.html" > hercules-ci< / a > expects all profiles to be
defined in a < em > < strong > default.nix< / strong > < / em > , allowing them to be built automatically when
added. Congruently, < a href = "concepts/suites.html" > suites< / a > expect < em > < strong > default.nix< / strong > < / em > to avoid
having to manage their paths manually.< / li >
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< / ul >
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< / blockquote >
< h2 id = "subprofiles" > < a class = "header" href = "#subprofiles" > Subprofiles< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Profiles can also define subprofiles. They follow the same constraints outlined
above. A good top level profile should be a high level concern, such as your
personal development environment while the subprofiles should be more focused
program configurations such as your text editor, and shell configs. This way,
you can either pull in the whole development profile, or pick and choose
individual programs.< / p >
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< h3 id = "example-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#example-1" > Example< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > profiles/develop/default.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > {
imports = [ ./zsh ];
# some generic development concerns ...
}
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > profiles/develop/zsh/default.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { ... }:
{
programs.zsh.enable = true;
# zsh specific options ...
}
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "conclusion" > < a class = "header" href = "#conclusion" > Conclusion< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Profiles are the most important concept in DevOS. They allow us to keep our
Nix expressions self contained and modular. This way we can maximize reuse
across hosts while minimizing boilerplate. Remember, anything machine
specific belongs in your < a href = "concepts/hosts.html" > host< / a > files instead.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "suites" > < a class = "header" href = "#suites" > Suites< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Suites provide a mechanism for users to easily combine and name collecitons of
profiles. For good examples, check out the suites defined in the community
< a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/blob/community/suites/default.nix" > branch< / a > .< / p >
< p > In the future, we will use suites as a mechanism for deploying various machine
types which don't depend on hardware, such as vm's and containers.< / p >
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< p > They are defined with the < code > suites< / code > argument in either < code > home< / code > or < code > nixos< / code > namespace.
Suites should be passed as a function that take profiles as an argument.< / p >
< p > The profiles are passed based on the folder names and list passed to the relevant
< code > profiles< / code > argument. In the template's flake.nix < code > profiles< / code > is set as
< code > [ ./profiles ./users ]< / code > and that corresponds to the < code > { profiles, users }< / code > argument
pattern.< / p >
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< h2 id = "definition" > < a class = "header" href = "#definition" > Definition< / a > < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > rec {
workstation = [ profiles.develop profiles.graphical users.nixos ];
mobileWS = workstation ++ [ profiles.laptop ];
}
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "usage" > < a class = "header" href = "#usage" > Usage< / a > < / h2 >
< p > < code > hosts/my-laptop.nix< / code > :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { suites, ... }:
{
imports = suites.mobileWS;
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "users" > < a class = "header" href = "#users" > Users< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Users are a special case of < a href = "concepts/profiles.html" > profiles< / a > that define system
users and < a href = "https://nix-community.github.io/home-manager" > home-manager< / a > configurations. For your convenience,
home manager is wired in by default so all you have to worry about is declaring
your users. For a fully fleshed out example, check out the developers personal
< a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/tree/nrd/users/nrd/default.nix" > branch< / a > .< / p >
< h2 id = "basic-usage" > < a class = "header" href = "#basic-usage" > Basic Usage< / a > < / h2 >
< p > < code > users/myuser/default.nix< / code > :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { ... }:
{
users.users.myuser = {
isNormalUser = true;
};
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home-manager.users.myuser = {
programs.mpv.enable = true;
};
}
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< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "home-manager-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#home-manager-1" > Home Manager< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Home Manager support follows the same principles as regular nixos configurations.
All modules defined in < a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/tree/core/modules/module-list.nix" > user modules< / a > will be imported to
Home Manager. All profiles are availabe in < a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/tree/core/suites/default.nix" > suites< / a > as userProfiles.
The < code > userSuites< / code > output will be available in your Home Manager Configuration as
the special argument, < code > suites< / code > .< / p >
< h2 id = "external-usage" > < a class = "header" href = "#external-usage" > External Usage< / a > < / h2 >
< p > You can easily use the defined home-manager configurations outside of NixOS
using the < code > homeConfigurations< / code > flake output. The < a href = "concepts/../flk/index.html" > flk< / a > helper
script makes this even easier.< / p >
< p > This is great for keeping your environment consistent across Unix systems,
including OSX.< / p >
< h3 id = "from-within-the-projects-devshell" > < a class = "header" href = "#from-within-the-projects-devshell" > From within the projects devshell:< / a > < / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > # builds the nixos user defined in the NixOS host
flk home NixOS nixos
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# build and activate
flk home NixOS nixos switch
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< / code > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "manually-from-outside-the-project" > < a class = "header" href = "#manually-from-outside-the-project" > Manually from outside the project:< / a > < / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > # build
nix build " github:divnix/devos#homeConfigurations.nixos@NixOS.home.activationPackage"
# activate
./result/activate & & unlink result
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< / code > < / pre >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "layout" > < a class = "header" href = "#layout" > Layout< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Each of the following sections is a directory whose contents are output to the
outside world via the flake's outputs. Check each chapter for details.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "modules-2" > < a class = "header" href = "#modules-2" > Modules< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The modules directory is a replica of nixpkg's NixOS < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/modules" > modules< / a >
, and follows the same semantics. This allows for trivial upstreaming into
nixpkgs proper once your module is sufficiently stable.< / p >
< p > All modules linked in < em > module-list.nix< / em > are automatically exported via
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< code > nixosModules.< file-basename> < / code > , and imported into all < a href = "outputs/../concepts/hosts.html" > hosts< / a > .< / p >
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< blockquote >
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< h5 id = "note-3" > < a class = "header" href = "#note-3" > < em > Note:< / em > < / a > < / h5 >
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< p > This is reserved for declaring brand new module options. If you just want to
declare a coherent configuration of already existing and related NixOS options
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, use < a href = "outputs/../concepts/profiles.html" > profiles< / a > instead.< / p >
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< / blockquote >
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< h2 id = "semantics" > < a class = "header" href = "#semantics" > Semantics< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > In case you've never written a module for nixpkgs before, here is a brief
outline of the process.< / p >
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< h3 id = "declaration" > < a class = "header" href = "#declaration" > Declaration< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > modules/services/service-category/my-service.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { config, lib, ... }:
let
cfg = config.services.myService;
in
{
options.services.myService = {
enable = lib.mkEnableOption " Description of my new service." ;
# additional options ...
};
config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
# implementation ...
};
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "import" > < a class = "header" href = "#import" > Import< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > modules/module-list.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > [
./services/service-category/my-service.nix
]
< / code > < / pre >
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< h2 id = "usage-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#usage-1" > Usage< / a > < / h2 >
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< h3 id = "internal" > < a class = "header" href = "#internal" > Internal< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > profiles/profile-category/my-profile.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { ... }:
{
services.MyService.enable = true;
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "external" > < a class = "header" href = "#external" > External< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > flake.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > {
# inputs omitted
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outputs = { self, devos, nixpkgs, ... }: {
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nixosConfigurations.myConfig = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
system = " ..." ;
modules = [
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devos.nixosModules.my-service
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({ ... }: {
services.MyService.enable = true;
})
];
};
};
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "overlays-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#overlays-1" > Overlays< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Writing overlays is a common occurence when using a NixOS system. Therefore,
we want to keep the process as simple and straightforward as possible.< / p >
< p > Any < em > .nix< / em > files declared in this directory will be assumed to be a valid
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overlay, and will be automatically imported into all < a href = "outputs/../concepts/hosts.html" > hosts< / a > , and
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exported via < code > overlays.< channel> /< pkgName> < / code > < em > as well as< / em >
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< code > packages.< system> .< pkgName> < / code > (for valid systems), so all you have to do is
write it.< / p >
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< h2 id = "example-2" > < a class = "header" href = "#example-2" > Example< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > overlays/kakoune.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > final: prev: {
kakoune = prev.kakoune.override {
configure.plugins = with final.kakounePlugins; [
(kak-fzf.override { fzf = final.skim; })
kak-auto-pairs
kak-buffers
kak-powerline
kak-vertical-selection
];
};
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "packages-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#packages-1" > Packages< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Similar to < a href = "outputs/./modules.html" > modules< / a > , the pkgs directory mirrors the upstream
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< a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/pkgs" > nixpkgs/pkgs< / a > , and for the same reason; if you ever want to upstream
your package, it's as simple as dropping it into the nixpkgs/pkgs directory.< / p >
< p > The only minor difference is that, instead of adding the < code > callPackage< / code > call to
< code > all-packages.nix< / code > , you just add it the the < em > default.nix< / em > in this directory,
which is defined as a simple overlay.< / p >
< p > This overlay is set as the default < code > overlay< / code > output attribute for the flake.
And all the packages are exported via < code > packages.< system> .< pkg-name> < / code > , for all
the supported systems listed in the package's < code > meta.platforms< / code > attribute.< / p >
< p > And, as usual, every package in the overlay is also available to any NixOS
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< a href = "outputs/../concepts/hosts.html" > host< / a > .< / p >
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< h2 id = "automatic-source-updates" > < a class = "header" href = "#automatic-source-updates" > Automatic Source Updates< / a > < / h2 >
< p > There is the added, but optional, convenience of declaring your sources in
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< em > pkgs/flake.nix< / em > as an input. You can then access them from the < code > srcs< / code > package.
This allows updates to be managed automatically by simply
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< a href = "outputs/../flk/update.html#updating-package-sources" > updating< / a > the lock file. No
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more manually entering sha256 hashes!< / p >
< p > As an added bonus, version strings are also generated automatically from either
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the flake ref, or the date and git revision of the source.< / p >
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< h2 id = "example-3" > < a class = "header" href = "#example-3" > Example< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > pkgs/development/libraries/libinih/default.nix:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { stdenv, meson, ninja, lib, srcs, ... }:
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let inherit (srcs) libinih; in
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stdenv.mkDerivation {
pname = " libinih" ;
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# version will resolve to 53, as specified in the final example below
inherit (libinih) version;
src = libinih;
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buildInputs = [ meson ninja ];
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# ...
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}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > pkgs/default.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > final: prev: {
libinih = prev.callPackage ./development/libraries/libinih { };
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > pkgs/flake.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > {
description = " Package sources" ;
inputs = {
libinih.url = " github:benhoyt/inih/r53" ;
libinih.flake = false;
};
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "lib" > < a class = "header" href = "#lib" > Lib< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The lib directory mirrors the upstream concepts of < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/lib" > < code > nixpkgs:./lib< / code > < / a > ,
< a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/lib" > < code > nixpkgs:./nixos/lib< / code > < / a > and < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/pkgs/pkgs-lib" > < code > nixpkgs:./pkgs/pkgs-lib< / code > < / a > ,
but also occasionally < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/pkgs/build-support" > < code > nixpkgs:./pkgs/build-support< / code > < / a > .< / p >
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< p > All functions defined in lib can be accessed in modules and packages as < code > ourlib< / code > .< / p >
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< p > For example:< / p >
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< ul >
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< li >
< p > you want to add a library function that depends on some packages
and use it throughout your devos environment: place it into < code > ./lib< / code >
as if you would place it into < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/pkgs/pkgs-lib" > < code > nixpkgs:./pkgs/pkgs-lib< / code > < / a > .< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > you want to add library functions that don't depend on < code > pkgs< / code > : place
them into < code > ./lib< / code > as if you would place them into < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/lib" > < code > nixpkgs:./lib< / code > < / a > .< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > need to try out a newish custom build support: place it here before
upstreaming into < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/pkgs/build-support" > < code > nixpkgs:./pkgs/build-support< / code > < / a > .< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > you want to reutilize certain module configuration functions or helpers:
place them into < code > ./lib< / code > as if you would place them into < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/lib" > < code > nixpkgs:./nixos/lib< / code > < / a > .< / p >
< / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > Once your library grows, we recoomend you start organizing them into subfolders
analogous < code > nixpkgs< / code > :< / p >
< table > < thead > < tr > < th > < code > nixpkgs< / code > < / th > < th > < code > devos< / code > < / th > < / tr > < / thead > < tbody >
< tr > < td > < code > ./lib< / code > < / td > < td > < code > ./lib< / code > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > ./pkgs/pkgs-lib< / code > < / td > < td > < code > ./lib/pkgs-lib< / code > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > ./nixos/lib< / code > < / td > < td > < code > ./lib/nixos-lib< / code > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > ./pkgs/build-support< / code > < / td > < td > < code > ./lib/pkgs-build< / code > < / td > < / tr >
< / tbody > < / table >
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< h2 id = "example-4" > < a class = "header" href = "#example-4" > Example< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > lib/nixos-lib/mkCustomI3BindSym/default.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { pkgs, writers, ... }:
{ name, cmd, workspace, baseKey }:
let
isWorkspaceEmpty = writers.writePython3 " is-workspace-empty" {
libraries = [ pkgs.python3Packages.i3ipc ];
} (builtins.readFile ./is-workspace-empty.py);
ws = builtins.toString workspace;
in
''
# ${name}
#bindsym ${baseKey}+${ws} workspace ${ws}; exec ${cmd}
bindsym ${baseKey}+${ws} workspace ${ws}; exec bash -c " ${isWorkspaceEmpty} & & ${cmd}"
''
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > lib/nixos-lib/mkCustomI3BindSym/is-workspace-empty.py:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-python" > # returns 0/1 if current workspace is empty/non-empty
import i3ipc
i3 = i3ipc.Connection()
tree = i3.get_tree()
def current_workspace():
return tree.find_focused().workspace()
if current_workspace().leaves():
print(" Error current workspace is not empty" )
exit(1)
exit(0)
< / code > < / pre >
< p > lib/default.nix:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { nixos, pkgs, ... }:
# ...
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{
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# ...
mkCustomI3BindSym = pkgs.callPackage ./nixos-lib/mkCustomI3BindSym { };
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}
< / code > < / pre >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "secrets" > < a class = "header" href = "#secrets" > Secrets< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Secrets are managed using < a href = "https://github.com/AGWA/git-crypt" > git-crypt< / a > so you can keep your flake in
a public repository like GitHub without exposing your password or other
sensitive data.< / p >
< p > By default, everything in the secrets folder is automatically encrypted. Just
be sure to run < code > git-crypt init< / code > before putting anything in here.< / p >
< blockquote >
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< h5 id = "note-4" > < a class = "header" href = "#note-4" > < em > Note:< / em > < / a > < / h5 >
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< p > Currently, there is < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/8" > no mechanism< / a > in nix to deploy secrets
within the nix/store so, if they end up in the nix/store after deployment, they
will be world readable on that machine.< / p >
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< p > The author of devos intends to implement a workaround for this situation in
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the near future, but for the time being, simple be aware of this.< / p >
< / blockquote >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "testing" > < a class = "header" href = "#testing" > Testing< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Testing is always an important aspect of any software development project, and
NixOS offers some incredibly powerful tools to write tests for your
configuration, and, optionally, run them in
< a href = "./integrations/hercules.html" > CI< / a > .< / p >
< h2 id = "lib-tests" > < a class = "header" href = "#lib-tests" > Lib Tests< / a > < / h2 >
< p > You can easily write tests for your own library functions in the
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lib/< em > < strong > tests/lib.nix< / strong > < / em > file and they will be run on every < code > nix flake check< / code > or
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during a CI run.< / p >
< h2 id = "unit-tests" > < a class = "header" href = "#unit-tests" > Unit Tests< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Unit tests are can be created from regular derivations, and they can do
almost anything you can imagine. By convention, it is best to test your
packages during their < a href = "https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#ssec-check-phase" > check phase< / a > . All packages and their tests will
be built during CI.< / p >
< h2 id = "integration-tests" > < a class = "header" href = "#integration-tests" > Integration Tests< / a > < / h2 >
< p > You can write integration tests for one or more NixOS VMs that can,
optionally, be networked together, and yes, it's as awesome as it sounds!< / p >
< p > Be sure to use the < code > mkTest< / code > function, in the < a href = "https://github.com/divnix/devos/tree/core/tests/default.nix" > < em > < strong > tests/default.nix< / strong > < / em > < / a >
which wraps the official < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/lib/testing-python.nix" > testing-python< / a > function to ensure
that the system is setup exactly as it is for a bare DevOS system. There are
already great resources for learning how to use these tests effectively,
including the official < a href = "https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-nixos-tests" > docs< / a > , a fantastic < a href = "https://www.haskellforall.com/2020/11/how-to-use-nixos-for-lightweight.html" > blog post< / a > ,
and the examples in < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/tests" > nixpkgs< / a > .< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "flk-command" > < a class = "header" href = "#flk-command" > flk command< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The devshell for the project incudes a convenient script for managing your
system called < code > flk< / code > . Each of the following chapters is a reference for one of
its subcommands.< / p >
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< h2 id = "rebuild" > < a class = "header" href = "#rebuild" > Rebuild< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Without any of the subcommands, < code > flk< / code > acts as a convenient shortcut for
< code > nixos-rebuild< / code > :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk NixOS build
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Will build < em > hosts/NixOS.nix< / em > . You can change out < code > build< / code > for < code > switch< / code > , < code > test< / code > ,
etc. Any additional arguments are passed through to the call to
< code > nixos-rebuild< / code > .< / p >
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< h2 id = "usage-2" > < a class = "header" href = "#usage-2" > Usage< / a > < / h2 >
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< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk help
< / code > < / pre >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "up" > < a class = "header" href = "#up" > up< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The < code > up< / code > subcommand is a simple shortcut for < code > nixos-generate-config< / code > that is
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compatible with devos. There is a short explanation in the the getting started
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< a href = "flk/../start/from-nixos.html#generate-configuration" > guide< / a > .< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "update" > < a class = "header" href = "#update" > update< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The < code > update< / code > subcommand is a simple alias for:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > nix flake update
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > As it sounds, this will update your lock file.< / p >
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< h2 id = "updating-package-sources" > < a class = "header" href = "#updating-package-sources" > Updating Package Sources< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > If you pass directory name then it will update that input if the directory
contains a flake.nix, with an optional arguement to update only a specific
input in the subflake.< / p >
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< p > For example, you can update any
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< a href = "flk/../outputs/pkgs.html#automatic-source-updates" > package sources< / a > you may have
declared in < em > pkgs/flake.nix< / em > :< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk update pkgs
< / code > < / pre >
< p > or just its < em > nixpkgs< / em > :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk update pkgs nixpkgs
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< / code > < / pre >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "get" > < a class = "header" href = "#get" > get< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The < code > get< / code > subcommand is useful for getting a bare copy of devos without the
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git history. You can pull either the core or community branches.< / p >
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< h2 id = "usage-3" > < a class = "header" href = "#usage-3" > Usage< / a > < / h2 >
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< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk get BRANCH DEST-DIR
< / code > < / pre >
< p > If DEST-DIR is ommitted, it defaults to < em > ./flk< / em > .< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "iso-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#iso-1" > ISO< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Making and writing an installable iso for < code > hosts/NixOS.nix< / code > is as simple as:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk iso NixOS
dd bs=4M if=result/iso/*.iso of=/dev/$your_installation_device \
status=progress oflag=sync
< / code > < / pre >
< p > This works for any file matching < code > hosts/*.nix< / code > excluding < code > default.nix< / code > .< / p >
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< h2 id = "iso-image-nix-store--cache-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#iso-image-nix-store--cache-1" > ISO image nix store & cache< / a > < / h2 >
< p > The iso image holds the store to the live environment and < em > also< / em > acts as a binay cache
to the installer. To considerably speed up things, the image already includes all flake
< code > inputs< / code > as well as the < code > devshell< / code > closures.< / p >
< p > While you < em > could< / em > provision any machine with a single stick, a bespoke iso maximises
those local cache hits.< / p >
< p > For hosts that don't differ too much, a common usb stick might be ok, whereas when
there are bigger differences, a bespoke usb stick will be considerably faster.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "install-1" > < a class = "header" href = "#install-1" > install< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The < code > install< / code > subcommand is a simple convenience for < code > nixos-install< / code > , similar
to the shortcut for < code > nixos-rebuild< / code > , all additional arguments are passed
through.< / p >
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< h2 id = "example-5" > < a class = "header" href = "#example-5" > Example< / a > < / h2 >
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< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > flk install NixOS
< / code > < / pre >
< p > This will install < em > hosts/NixOS.nix< / em > to /mnt. You can override this directory
using standard < code > nixos-install< / code > args.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "home" > < a class = "header" href = "#home" > home< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The < code > home< / code > subcommand is for using your home-manager configurations outside of
NixOS, providing an awesome mechanism for keeping your environments
synchronized, even when using other systems.< / p >
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< h2 id = "usage-4" > < a class = "header" href = "#usage-4" > Usage< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > The < a href = "flk/../concepts/users.html#external-usage" > users< / a > page contains a good usage
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example.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "integrations" > < a class = "header" href = "#integrations" > Integrations< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > This section explores some of the optional tools included with devos to provide
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a solution to common concerns such as ci and remote deployment. An effort is
made to choose tools that treat nix, and where possible flakes, as first class
citizens.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "cachix" > < a class = "header" href = "#cachix" > Cachix< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > The system will automatically pull a cachix.nix at the root if one exists.
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This is usually created automatically by a < code > sudo cachix use< / code > . If you're more
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inclined to keep the root clean, you can drop any generated files in the
< code > cachix< / code > directory into the < code > profiles/cachix< / code > directory without further
modification.< / p >
< p > For example, to add your own cache, assuming the template lives in /etc/nixos,
by simply running < code > sudo cachix use yourcache< / code > . Then, optionally, move
< code > cachix/yourcache.nix< / code > to < code > profiles/cachix/yourcache.nix< / code > < / p >
< p > These caches are only added to the system after a < code > nixos-rebuild switch< / code > , so it
is recommended to call < code > cachix use nrdxp< / code > before the initial deployment, as it
will save a lot of build time.< / p >
< p > In the future, users will be able to skip this step once the ability to define
the nix.conf within the flake is fully fleshed out upstream.< / p >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "deploy-rs" > < a class = "header" href = "#deploy-rs" > deploy-rs< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > < a href = "https://github.com/serokell/deploy-rs" > Deploy-rs< / a > is a tool for managing NixOS remote machines. It was
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chosen for devos after the author experienced some frustrations with the
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stateful nature of nixops' db. It was also designed from scratch to support
flake based deployments, and so is an excellent tool for the job.< / p >
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< p > By default, all the < a href = "integrations/../concepts/hosts.html" > hosts< / a > are also available as deploy-rs nodes,
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configured with the hostname set to < code > networking.hostName< / code > ; overridable via
the command line.< / p >
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< h2 id = "usage-5" > < a class = "header" href = "#usage-5" > Usage< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Just add your ssh key to the host:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { ... }:
{
users.users.${sshUser}.openssh.authorizedKeys.keyFiles = [
../secrets/path/to/key.pub
];
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > And the private key to your user:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-nix" > { ... }:
{
home-manager.users.${sshUser}.programs.ssh = {
enable = true;
matchBlocks = {
${host} = {
host = hostName;
identityFile = ../secrets/path/to/key;
extraOptions = { AddKeysToAgent = " yes" ; };
};
};
}
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > And run the deployment:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-sh" > deploy " flk#hostName" --hostname host.example.com
< / code > < / pre >
< blockquote >
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< h5 id = "note-5" > < a class = "header" href = "#note-5" > < em > Note:< / em > < / a > < / h5 >
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< p > Your user will need < strong > passwordless< / strong > sudo access< / p >
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< / blockquote >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "hercules-ci" > < a class = "header" href = "#hercules-ci" > Hercules CI< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > If you start adding your own packages and configurations, you'll probably have
at least a few binary artifacts. With hercules we can build every package in
our configuration automatically, on every commit. Additionally, we can have it
upload all our build artifacts to a binary cache like < a href = "https://cachix.org" > cachix< / a > .< / p >
< p > This will work whether your copy is a fork, or a bare template, as long as your
repo is hosted on GitHub.< / p >
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< h2 id = "setup" > < a class = "header" href = "#setup" > Setup< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Just head over to < a href = "https://hercules-ci.com" > hercules-ci.com< / a > to make an account.< / p >
< p > Then follow the docs to set up an < a href = "https://docs.hercules-ci.com/hercules-ci/getting-started/#github" > agent< / a > , if you want to deploy to a
binary cache (and of course you do), be sure < em > not< / em > to skip the
< a href = "https://docs.hercules-ci.com/hercules-ci/getting-started/deploy/nixos/#_3_configure_a_binary_cache" > binary-caches.json< / a > .< / p >
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< h2 id = "ready-to-use" > < a class = "header" href = "#ready-to-use" > Ready to Use< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > The repo is already set up with the proper < em > default.nix< / em > file, building all
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declared packages, checks, profiles and shells. So you can see if something
breaks, and never build the same package twice!< / p >
< p > If you want to get fancy, you could even have hercules
< a href = "https://docs.hercules-ci.com/hercules-ci-effects/guide/deploy-a-nixos-machine/" > deploy your configuration< / a > !< / p >
< blockquote >
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< h5 id = "note-6" > < a class = "header" href = "#note-6" > < em > Note:< / em > < / a > < / h5 >
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< p > Hercules doesn't have access to anything encrypted in the
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< a href = "integrations/../../secrets" > secrets folder< / a > , so none of your secrets will accidentally get
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pushed to a cache by mistake.< / p >
< p > You could pull all your secrets via your user, and then exclude it from
< a href = "https://github.com/nrdxp/devos/blob/nrd/suites/default.nix#L17" > allUsers< / a >
to keep checks passing.< / p >
< / blockquote >
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< div id = "chapter_begin" style = "break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" > < / div > < h1 id = "pull-requests" > < a class = "header" href = "#pull-requests" > Pull Requests< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > If making a change to core, or adding a feature, please be sure to update the
relevant docs. Each directory contains its own README.md, which will
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automatically be pulled into the < a href = "https://devos.divnix.com" > mdbook< / a > . The book is
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rendered on every change, so the docs should always be up to date.< / p >
2021-03-14 10:12:02 +03:00
< p > We also use < a href = "https://bors.tech" > BORS< / a > to ensure that all pull requests pass the
test suite once at least one review is completed.< / p >
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< h2 id = "community-prs" > < a class = "header" href = "#community-prs" > Community PRs< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > While much of your work in this template may be idiosyncratic in nature. Anything
that might be generally useful to the broader NixOS community can be synced to
the < code > community< / code > branch to provide a host of useful NixOS configurations available
" out of the box" .< / p >
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< h1 id = "style" > < a class = "header" href = "#style" > Style< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > If you wish to contribute please follow these guidelines:< / p >
< ul >
< li >
< p > format your code with < a href = "https://github.com/nix-community/nixpkgs-fmt" > < code > nixpkgs-fmt< / code > < / a > . The default devshell
includes a pre-commit hook that does this for you.< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > The commit message follows the same semantics as < a href = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs" > nixpkgs< / a > .< / p >
< ul >
< li > You can use a < code > #< / code > symbol to specify ambiguities. For example,
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< code > develop#zsh: < rest of commit message> < / code > would tell me that you're updating the
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< code > zsh< / code > subprofile living under the < code > develop< / code > profile.< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
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< / main >
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