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Some documentation on changes since Idris 1
This commit is contained in:
Edwin Brady
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@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ and yet to be updated, so use with caution!
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tutorial/index
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updates/updates
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typedd/typedd
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proofs/index
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faq/faq
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reference/index
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318
docs/typedd/typedd.rst
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318
docs/typedd/typedd.rst
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.. _typedd-index:
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Type Driven Development with Idris: Updates Required
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====================================================
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The code in the book "Type Driven Development with Idris" by Edwin Brady,
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published by Manning, will mostly work in Idris 2, with some small changes
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as detailed in this document. The updated code is also [going to be] part
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of the test suite (see `tests/typedd-book <https://github.com/edwinb/Idris2/tree/master/tests/typedd-book>`_
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in the Idris 2 source).
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Chapter 1
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---------
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No changes necessary
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Chapter 2
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---------
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The Prelude is smaller than Idris 1, and many functions have been moved to
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the base libraries instead. So:
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In ``Average.idr``, add:
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.. code-block:: idris
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import Data.Strings -- for `words`
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import Data.List -- for `length` on lists
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In ``AveMain.idr`` and ``Reverse.idr`` add:
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.. code-block:: idris
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import System.REPL -- for 'repl'
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Chapter 3
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---------
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Unbound implicits have multiplicity 0, so we can't match on them at run-time.
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Therefore, in ``Matrix.idr``, we need to change the type of ``createEmpties``
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and ``transposeMat`` so that the length of the inner vector is available to
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match on:
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.. code-block:: idris
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createEmpties : {n : _} -> Vect n (Vect 0 elem)
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transposeMat : {n : _} -> Vect m (Vect n elem) -> Vect n (Vect m elem)
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Chapter 4
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---------
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For the reasons described above:
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+ In ``DataStore.idr``, add ``import System.REPL`` and ``import Data.Strings``
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+ In ``SumInputs.idr``, add ``import System.REPL``
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+ In ``TryIndex.idr``, add an implicit argument:
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.. code-block:: idris
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tryIndex : {n : _} -> Integer -> Vect n a -> Maybe a
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Chapter 5
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---------
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There is no longer a ``Cast`` instance from ``String`` to ``Nat``, because its
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behaviour of returing Z if the ``String`` wasn't numeric was thought to be
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confusing. Instead, there is ``stringToNatOrZ`` in ``Data.Strings`` which at least
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has a clearer name. So:
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In ``Loops.idr`` and ``ReadNum.idr`` add ``import Data.Strings`` and change ``cast`` to
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``stringToNatOrZ``
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Chapter 6
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---------
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In ``DataStore.idr`` and ``DataStoreHoles.idr``, add ``import Data.Strings`` and
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``import System.REPL``. Also in ``DataStore.idr``, the ``schema`` argument to
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``display`` is required for matching, so change the type to:
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display : {schema : _} -> SchemaType schema -> String
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In ``TypeFuns.idr`` add ``import Data.Strings``
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Chapter 7
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---------
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``Abs`` is now a separate interface from ``Neg``. So, change the type of ``eval``
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to include ``Abs`` specifically:
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eval : (Abs num, Neg num, Integral num) => Expr num -> num
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Also, take ``abs`` out of the ``Neg`` implementation for ``Expr`` and add an
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implementation of ``Abs`` as follows:
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.. code-block:: idris
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Abs ty => Abs (Expr ty) where
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abs = Abs
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Chapter 8
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---------
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In ``AppendVec.idr``, add ``import Data.Nat`` for the ``Nat`` proofs
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``cong`` now takes an explicit argument for the function to apply. So, in
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``CheckEqMaybe.idr`` change the last case to:
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.. code-block:: idris
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checkEqNat (S k) (S j) = case checkEqNat k j of
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Nothing => Nothing
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Just prf => Just (cong S prf)
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A similar change is necessary in ``CheckEqDec.idr``.
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In ``ExactLength.idr``, the ``m`` argument to ``exactLength`` is needed at run time,
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so change its type to:
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.. code-block:: idris
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exactLength : {m : _} ->
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(len : Nat) -> (input : Vect m a) -> Maybe (Vect len a)
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A similar change is necessary in ``ExactLengthDec.idr``. Also, ``DecEq`` is no
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longer part of the prelude, so add ``import Decidable.Equality``.
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In ``ReverseVec.idr``, add ``import Data.Nat`` for the ``Nat`` proofs.
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Chapter 9
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---------
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+ In ``ElemType.idr``, add ``import Decidable.Equality``
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In ``Hangman.idr``:
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+ Add ``import Decidable.Equality`` and ``import Data.Strings``
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+ ``removeElem`` pattern matches on ``n``, so it needs to be written in its
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type:
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.. code-block:: idris
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removeElem : {n : _} ->
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(value : a) -> (xs : Vect (S n) a) ->
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{auto prf : Elem value xs} ->
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Vect n a
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+ ``letters`` is used by ``processGuess``, because it's passed to ``removeElem``:
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.. code-block:: idris
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processGuess : {letters : _} ->
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(letter : Char) -> WordState (S guesses) (S letters) ->
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Either (WordState guesses (S letters))
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(WordState (S guesses) letters)
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+ ``guesses`` and ``letters`` are implicit arguments to ``game``, but are used by the
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definition, so add them to its type:
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game : {guesses : _} -> {letters : _} ->
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WordState (S guesses) (S letters) -> IO Finished
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In ``RemoveElem.idr``
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+ ``removeElem`` needs to be updated as above.
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Chapter 10
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----------
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Lots of changes necessary here, at least when constructing views, due to Idris
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2 having a better (that is, more precise and correct!) implementation of
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unification, and the rules for recursive ``with`` application being tightened up.
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In ``MergeSort.idr``, add ``import Data.List``
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In ``MergeSortView.idr``, add ``import Data.List``, and make the arguments to the
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views explicit:
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.. code-block:: idris
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mergeSort : Ord a => List a -> List a
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mergeSort input with (splitRec input)
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mergeSort [] | SplitRecNil = []
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mergeSort [x] | SplitRecOne x = [x]
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mergeSort (lefts ++ rights) | (SplitRecPair lefts rights lrec rrec)
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= merge (mergeSort lefts | lrec)
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(mergeSort rights | rrec)
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In ``SnocList.idr``, in ``my_reverse``, the link between ``Snoc rec`` and ``xs ++ [x]``
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needs to be made explicit. Idris 1 would happily decide that ``xs`` and ``x`` were
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the relevant implicit arguments to ``Snoc`` but this was little more than a guess
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based on what would make it type check, whereas Idris 2 is more precise in
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what it allows to unify. So, ``x`` and ``xs`` need to be explicit arguments to
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``Snoc``:
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.. code-block:: idris
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data SnocList : List a -> Type where
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Empty : SnocList []
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Snoc : (x, xs : _) -> (rec : SnocList xs) -> SnocList (xs ++ [x])
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Correspondingly, they need to be explicit when matching. For example:
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.. code-block:: idris
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my_reverse : List a -> List a
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my_reverse input with (snocList input)
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my_reverse [] | Empty = []
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my_reverse (xs ++ [x]) | (Snoc x xs rec) = x :: my_reverse xs | rec
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Similar changes are necessary in ``snocListHelp`` and ``my_reverse_help``. See
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tests/typedd-book/chapter10/SnocList.idr for the full details.
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Also, in ``snocListHelp``, ``input`` is used at run time so needs to be bound
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in the type:
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snocListHelp : {input : _} ->
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(snoc : SnocList input) -> (rest : List a) -> SnocList (input +
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It's no longer necessary to give ``{input}`` explicitly in the patterns for
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``snocListHelp``, although it's harmless to do so.
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In ``IsSuffix.idr``, the matching has to be written slightly differently. The
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recursive with application in Idris 1 probably shouldn't have allowed this!
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.. code-block:: idris
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isSuffix : Eq a => List a -> List a -> Bool
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isSuffix input1 input2 with (snocList input1, snocList input2)
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isSuffix [] input2 | (Empty, s) = True
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isSuffix input1 [] | (s, Empty) = False
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isSuffix (xs ++ [x]) (ys ++ [y]) | (Snoc xsrec, Snoc ysrec)
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= if x == y
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then isSuffix xs ys | (xsrec, ysrec)
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else False
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This doesn't yet get past the totality checker, however, because it doesn't
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know about looking inside pairs.
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In ``DataStore.idr``: Well this is embarrassing - I've no idea how Idris 1 lets
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this through! I think perhaps it's too "helpful" when solving unification
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problems. To fix it, add an extra parameter ``scheme`` to ``StoreView``, and change
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the type of ``SNil`` to be explicit that the ``empty`` is the function defined in
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``DataStore``. Also add ``entry`` and ``store`` as explicit arguments to ``SAdd``:
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.. code-block:: idris
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data StoreView : (schema : _) -> DataStore schema -> Type where
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SNil : StoreView schema DataStore.empty
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SAdd : (entry, store : _) -> (rec : StoreView schema store) ->
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StoreView schema (addToStore entry store)
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Since ``size`` is as explicit argument in the ``DataStore`` record, it also needs
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to be relevant in the type of ``storeViewHelp``:
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.. code-block:: idris
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storeViewHelp : {size : _} ->
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(items : Vect size (SchemaType schema)) ->
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StoreView schema (MkData size items)
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In ``TestStore.idr``:
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+ In ``listItems``, ``empty`` needs to be ``DataStore.empty`` to be explicit that you
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mean the function
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+ In ``filterKeys``, there is an error in the ``SNil`` case, which wasn't caught
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because of the type of ``SNil`` above. It should be:
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filterKeys test DataStore.empty | SNil = []
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Chapter 11
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----------
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Remove ``%default total`` throughout - it's not yet implemented.
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In ``Streams.idr`` add ``import Data.Stream`` for ``iterate``.
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In ``Arith.idr`` and ``ArithTotal.idr``, the ``Divides`` view now has explicit
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arguments for the dividend and remainder, so they need to be explicit in
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``bound``:
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.. code-block:: idris
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bound : Int -> Int
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bound x with (divides x 12)
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bound ((12 * div) + rem) | (DivBy div rem prf) = rem + 1
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In ``ArithCmd.idr``, update ``DivBy`` as above. Also add ``import Data.Strings`` for
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``Strings.toLower``.
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In ``ArithCmd.idr``, update ``DivBy`` and ``import Data.Strings`` as above. Also,
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since export rules are per-namespace now, rather than per-file, you need to
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export ``(>>=)`` from the namespaces ``CommandDo`` and ``ConsoleDo``.
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Chapter 12
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----------
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Remove ``%default total`` throughout, at least until it's implemented.
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For reasons described above: In ``ArithState.idr``, add ``import Data.Strings``.
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Also the ``(>>=)`` operators need to be set as ``export`` since they are in their
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own namespaces, and in ``getRandom``, ``DivBy`` needs to take additional
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arguments ``div`` and ``rem``.
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Chapter 13
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----------
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TODO
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Chapter 14
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----------
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TODO
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Chapter 15
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----------
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TODO
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@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ Changes since Idris 1
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#####################
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Idris 2 is mostly backwards compatible with Idris 1, with some minor
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exceptions. This document describes the changes.
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exceptions. This document describes the changes, approximately in order of
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likelihood of encountering them in practice. New features are described at
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the end, in Section :ref:`sect-new-features`.
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[NOT YET COMPLETE]
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.. note::
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The documentation for Idris has been published under the Creative
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@ -15,5 +19,105 @@ exceptions. This document describes the changes.
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More information concerning the CC0 can be found online at: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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TODO
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New Core Language: Quantities in Types
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======================================
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Erasure
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-------
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Linearity
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---------
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Prelude and ``base`` libraries
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==============================
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Prelide is much smaller, things moved to ``base``.
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Smaller Changes
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===============
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Ambiguous Name Resolution
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-------------------------
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Modules, namespaces and export
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------------------------------
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Change in visibility rules, and module names must match filenames except
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``Main``.
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``%language`` pragmas
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---------------------
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Not moved to Idris 2, any extensions are not implemented.
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``let`` bindings
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----------------
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Now don't compute, and equivalent to ``(\x => e) val``, but see
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:ref:`sect-local-defs` below.
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``auto``-implicits and Interfaces
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---------------------------------
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Now the same thing
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Totality and Coverage
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---------------------
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``%default covering`` is now the default status [Actually still TODO, but
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planned soon!]
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Build artefacts
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---------------
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Not really a language change, but a change in the way Idris saves checked
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files. All checked modules are now saved in a directory ``build/ttc``, in the
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root of the source tree, with the directory structure following the directory
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structure of the source. Executables are placed in ``build/exec``.
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.. _sect-new-features:
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New features
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============
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In addition to updating the core to QTT, described above.
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.. _sect-local-defs:
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Local function definitions
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--------------------------
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However, Idris no longer attempts to infer types for functions defined in
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``where`` blocks, because this was fragile. This may be reinstated, if we can
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come up with a good, predictable approach.
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Scope of implicit arguments
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---------------------------
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Better inference
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----------------
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Holes global to a source file, case works better.
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Dependent case
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--------------
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Record updates
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--------------
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Dependent record updates now work, as long as all relevant fields are updated
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at once.
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Generate definition
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-------------------
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A new feature of the IDE protocol, generating complete definitions from a
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type signature.
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Chez Scheme target
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------------------
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Also, optionally, Racket, which itself can compile via Chez scheme. Early
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experience shows that both are much faster than the Idris 1 C code generator,
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in both compile time and execution time (but we haven't done any formal
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study on this yet, so it's just anecdotal evidence).
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user