@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
6-- This module is intended for internal use only, and may change without warning
6-- This module is intended for internal use only, and may change without warning
7-- in subsequent releases.
7-- in subsequent releases.
8module Effectful.Internal.Monad
8module Effectful.Internal.Monad
9− ( -- * The 'Eff' monad
9+ ( -- * Monad
11 , runPureEff
11 , runPureEff
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ module Effectful.Internal.Monad
25− -- * Prim
25+ -- * Primitive
29− -- * Unlift strategies
29+ -- ** Unlift strategies
30 , UnliftStrategy(..)
30 , UnliftStrategy(..)
31 , Persistence(..)
31 , Persistence(..)
32 , Limit(..)
32 , Limit(..)
@@ -34,29 +34,34 @@ module Effectful.Internal.Monad
34 , withUnliftStrategy
34 , withUnliftStrategy
35 , withEffToIO
35 , withEffToIO
37− -- ** Low-level unlifts
37+ --- *** Low-level helpers
38 , seqUnliftIO
38 , seqUnliftIO
39 , concUnliftIO
39 , concUnliftIO
41 -- * Effects
41 -- * Effects
43− -- ** Dynamic dispatch
43+ -- ** Handler
44 , EffectHandler
44 , EffectHandler
45 , LocalEnv(..)
45 , LocalEnv(..)
46− , HandlerA(..)
46+ , Handler(..)
47 , runHandler
47 , runHandler
49+ -- *** Sending operations
50− -- ** Static dispatch
52+ -- ** Primitive
52− , runData
54+ -- *** Running
53− , evalData
55+ , runEffect
54− , execData
56+ , evalEffect
55− , getData
57+ , execEffect
57− , stateData
59+ -- *** Modification
58− , stateDataM
60+ , getEffect
59− , localData
61+ , putEffect
62import Control.Applicative (liftA2)
67import Control.Applicative (liftA2)
@@ -79,43 +84,44 @@ import Effectful.Internal.Unlift
80type role Eff nominal representational
85type role Eff nominal representational
82−-- | The 'Eff' monad provides the implementation of a computation that performs
87+-- | The 'Eff' monad provides the implementation of an operation that performs
83-- an arbitrary set of effects. In @'Eff' es a@, @es@ is a type-level list that
88-- an arbitrary set of effects. In @'Eff' es a@, @es@ is a type-level list that
84−-- contains all the effects that the computation may perform. For example, a
89+-- contains all the effects that the operation may perform. For example, an
85−-- computation that produces an 'Integer' by consuming a 'String' from the
90+-- operation that produces an 'Integer' by consuming a 'String' from the global
86−-- global environment and acting upon a single mutable value of type 'Bool'
91+-- environment and acting upon a single mutable cell containing a 'Bool' would
87−-- would have the following type:
92+-- have the following type:
90−-- 'Eff' '['Effectful.Reader.Reader' 'String', 'Effectful.State.Local.State' 'Bool'] 'Integer'
95+-- 'Eff' '['Effectful.Reader.Reader' 'String', 'Effectful.State.State' 'Bool'] 'Integer'
93-- Normally, a concrete list of effects is not used to parameterize 'Eff'.
98-- Normally, a concrete list of effects is not used to parameterize 'Eff'.
94-- Instead, the '(:>)' type class is used to express constraints on the list of
99-- Instead, the '(:>)' type class is used to express constraints on the list of
95−-- effects without coupling a computation to a concrete list of effects. For
100+-- effects without coupling an operation to a concrete list of effects. For
96−-- example, the above example would be expressed with the following type:
101+-- example, the above example would more commonly be expressed with the
99−-- ('Effectful.Reader.Reader' 'String' ':>' es, 'Effectful.State.Local.State' 'Bool' ':>' es) => 'Eff' es 'Integer'
105+-- ('Effectful.Reader.Reader' 'String' ':>' es, 'Effectful.State.State' 'Bool' ':>' es) => 'Eff' es 'Integer'
102−-- This abstraction allows the computation to be used in functions that may
108+-- This abstraction allows the operation to be used in functions that may
103-- perform other effects, and it also allows the effects to be handled in any
109-- perform other effects, and it also allows the effects to be handled in any
105newtype Eff (es :: [Effect]) a = Eff (Env es -> IO a)
111newtype Eff (es :: [Effect]) a = Eff (Env es -> IO a)
106 deriving (Monoid, Semigroup)
112 deriving (Monoid, Semigroup)
108−-- | Run a pure 'Eff' computation.
114+-- | Run a pure 'Eff' operation.
110−-- For running computations with side effects see 'runEff'.
116+-- For running operations with side effects see 'runEff'.
111runPureEff :: Eff '[] a -> a
117runPureEff :: Eff '[] a -> a
112runPureEff (Eff m) =
118runPureEff (Eff m) =
113− -- unsafeDupablePerformIO is safe here since IOE was not on the stack, so no
119+ -- unsafePerformIO is safe here since IOE was not on the stack, so no IO with
114− -- IO with side effects was performed (unless someone sneakily introduced side
120+ -- side effects was performed (unless someone sneakily introduced side effects
115− -- effects with unsafeEff, but then all bets are off).
121+ -- with unsafeEff, but then all bets are off).
117 -- Moreover, internals don't allocate any resources that require explicit
123 -- Moreover, internals don't allocate any resources that require explicit
118− -- cleanup actions to run.
124+ -- cleanup actions to run, so the "Dupable" part should also be just fine.
119 unsafeDupablePerformIO $ m =<< emptyEnv
125 unsafeDupablePerformIO $ m =<< emptyEnv
121----------------------------------------
127----------------------------------------
@@ -128,14 +134,14 @@ unEff (Eff m) = m
128-- | Access the underlying 'IO' monad along with the environment.
134-- | Access the underlying 'IO' monad along with the environment.
130-- This function is __unsafe__ because it can be used to introduce arbitrary
136-- This function is __unsafe__ because it can be used to introduce arbitrary
131−-- 'IO' actions into pure 'Eff' computations.
137+-- 'IO' actions into pure 'Eff' operations.
132unsafeEff :: (Env es -> IO a) -> Eff es a
138unsafeEff :: (Env es -> IO a) -> Eff es a
133unsafeEff m = Eff (oneShot m)
139unsafeEff m = Eff (oneShot m)
135-- | Access the underlying 'IO' monad.
141-- | Access the underlying 'IO' monad.
137-- This function is __unsafe__ because it can be used to introduce arbitrary
143-- This function is __unsafe__ because it can be used to introduce arbitrary
138−-- 'IO' actions into pure 'Eff' computations.
144+-- 'IO' actions into pure 'Eff' operations.
139unsafeEff_ :: IO a -> Eff es a
145unsafeEff_ :: IO a -> Eff es a
140unsafeEff_ m = unsafeEff $ \_ -> m
146unsafeEff_ m = unsafeEff $ \_ -> m
@@ -145,12 +151,12 @@ unsafeEff_ m = unsafeEff $ \_ -> m
145-- | Get the current 'UnliftStrategy'.
151-- | Get the current 'UnliftStrategy'.
146unliftStrategy :: IOE :> es => Eff es UnliftStrategy
152unliftStrategy :: IOE :> es => Eff es UnliftStrategy
147unliftStrategy = do
153unliftStrategy = do
148− DataA (IOE unlift) <- getData
154+ IdE (IOE unlift) <- getEffect
149 pure unlift
155 pure unlift
151-- | Locally override the 'UnliftStrategy' with the given value.
157-- | Locally override the 'UnliftStrategy' with the given value.
152withUnliftStrategy :: IOE :> es => UnliftStrategy -> Eff es a -> Eff es a
158withUnliftStrategy :: IOE :> es => UnliftStrategy -> Eff es a -> Eff es a
153−withUnliftStrategy unlift = localData $ \_ -> DataA (IOE unlift)
159+withUnliftStrategy unlift = localEffect $ \_ -> IdE (IOE unlift)
155-- | Create an unlifting function with the current 'UnliftStrategy'.
161-- | Create an unlifting function with the current 'UnliftStrategy'.
@@ -158,7 +164,7 @@ withUnliftStrategy unlift = localData $ \_ -> DataA (IOE unlift)
158-- constraint for accurate stack traces in case an insufficiently powerful
164-- constraint for accurate stack traces in case an insufficiently powerful
159-- 'UnliftStrategy' is used and the unlifting function fails.
165-- 'UnliftStrategy' is used and the unlifting function fails.
161−-- /Note:/ the strategy is reset to 'SeqUnlift' inside the continuation.
167+-- /Note:/ the strategy is reset to 'SeqUnlift' for new threads.
162withEffToIO
168withEffToIO
163 :: (HasCallStack, IOE :> es)
169 :: (HasCallStack, IOE :> es)
164 => ((forall r. Eff es r -> IO r) -> IO a)
170 => ((forall r. Eff es r -> IO r) -> IO a)
@@ -258,15 +264,15 @@ instance Fail :> es => MonadFail (Eff es) where
258----------------------------------------
264----------------------------------------
261−-- | Run arbitrary 'IO' computations via 'MonadIO' or 'MonadUnliftIO'.
267+-- | Run arbitrary 'IO' operations via 'MonadIO' or 'MonadUnliftIO'.
262newtype IOE :: Effect where
268newtype IOE :: Effect where
263 IOE :: UnliftStrategy -> IOE m r
269 IOE :: UnliftStrategy -> IOE m r
265−-- | Run an 'Eff' computation with side effects.
271+-- | Run an 'Eff' operation with side effects.
267−-- For running pure computations see 'runPureEff'.
273+-- For running pure operations see 'runPureEff'.
268runEff :: Eff '[IOE] a -> IO a
274runEff :: Eff '[IOE] a -> IO a
269−runEff m = unEff (evalData (DataA (IOE SeqUnlift)) m) =<< emptyEnv
275+runEff m = unEff (evalEffect (IdE (IOE SeqUnlift)) m) =<< emptyEnv
271instance IOE :> es => MonadIO (Eff es) where
277instance IOE :> es => MonadIO (Eff es) where
272 liftIO = unsafeEff_
278 liftIO = unsafeEff_
@@ -290,20 +296,20 @@ instance IOE :> es => MonadBaseControl IO (Eff es) where
290----------------------------------------
296----------------------------------------
291-- Primitive
297-- Primitive
293−-- | Provide the ability to perform primitive state-transformer actions.
299+-- | An effect to perform primitive state-transformer actions.
294data Prim :: Effect where
300data Prim :: Effect where
295 Prim :: Prim m r
301 Prim :: Prim m r
297−-- | Run an 'Eff' computation with primitive state-transformer actions.
303+-- | Run an 'Eff' operation with primitive state-transformer actions.
298runPrim :: IOE :> es => Eff (Prim : es) a -> Eff es a
304runPrim :: IOE :> es => Eff (Prim : es) a -> Eff es a
299−runPrim = evalData (DataA Prim)
305+runPrim = evalEffect (IdE Prim)
301instance Prim :> es => PrimMonad (Eff es) where
307instance Prim :> es => PrimMonad (Eff es) where
302 type PrimState (Eff es) = RealWorld
308 type PrimState (Eff es) = RealWorld
303 primitive = unsafeEff_ . IO
309 primitive = unsafeEff_ . IO
305----------------------------------------
311----------------------------------------
306−-- Dynamic dispatch
312+-- Handler
308type role LocalEnv nominal nominal
314type role LocalEnv nominal nominal
@@ -319,97 +325,78 @@ newtype LocalEnv (localEs :: [Effect]) (handlerEs :: [Effect]) = LocalEnv (Env l
319type EffectHandler e es
325type EffectHandler e es
320 = forall a localEs. HasCallStack
326 = forall a localEs. HasCallStack
321 => LocalEnv localEs es
327 => LocalEnv localEs es
322− -- ^ Capture of the local environment for handling local 'Eff' computations
328+ -- ^ Capture of the local environment for handling local 'Eff' operations when
323− -- when @e@ is a higher order effect.
329+ -- @e@ is a higher order effect.
324 -> e (Eff localEs) a
330 -> e (Eff localEs) a
325 -- ^ The effect performed in the local environment.
331 -- ^ The effect performed in the local environment.
326 -> Eff es a
332 -> Eff es a
328-- | An adapter for dynamically dispatched effects.
334-- | An adapter for dynamically dispatched effects.
330−-- Represents the effect handler bundled with its environment.
336+-- Represents the effect handler bundled along with its environment.
331−data HandlerA :: Effect -> Type where
337+data Handler :: Effect -> Type where
332− HandlerA :: !(Env es) -> !(EffectHandler e es) -> HandlerA e
338+ Handler :: !(Env es) -> !(EffectHandler e es) -> Handler e
334−-- | Run a dynamically dispatched effect with the given handler.
340+-- | Run the effect with the given handler.
335−runHandler :: HandlerA e -> Eff (e : es) a -> Eff es a
341+runHandler :: Handler e -> Eff (e : es) a -> Eff es a
336runHandler e m = unsafeEff $ \es0 -> do
342runHandler e m = unsafeEff $ \es0 -> do
337 size0 <- sizeEnv es0
343 size0 <- sizeEnv es0
338 E.bracket (unsafeConsEnv e relinker es0)
344 E.bracket (unsafeConsEnv e relinker es0)
339 (unsafeTailEnv size0)
345 (unsafeTailEnv size0)
340 (\es -> unEff m es)
346 (\es -> unEff m es)
342− relinker :: Relinker HandlerA e
348+ relinker :: Relinker Handler e
343− relinker = Relinker $ \relink (HandlerA handlerEs handle) -> do
349+ relinker = Relinker $ \relink (Handler env handle) -> do
344− newHandlerEs <- relink handlerEs
350+ newEnv <- relink env
345− pure $ HandlerA newHandlerEs handle
351+ pure $ Handler newEnv handle
347-- | Send an operation of the given effect to its handler for execution.
353-- | Send an operation of the given effect to its handler for execution.
348send :: (HasCallStack, e :> es) => e (Eff es) a -> Eff es a
354send :: (HasCallStack, e :> es) => e (Eff es) a -> Eff es a
349send op = unsafeEff $ \es -> do
355send op = unsafeEff $ \es -> do
350− HandlerA handlerEs handle <- getEnv es
356+ Handler handlerEs handle <- getEnv es
351 unEff (handle (LocalEnv es) op) handlerEs
357 unEff (handle (LocalEnv es) op) handlerEs
353----------------------------------------
359----------------------------------------
354−-- Static dispatch
360+-- Helpers
356−-- | An adapter for statically dispatched effects.
358−-- Represents an arbitrary data type with the appropriate number of phantom type
360−newtype DataA :: Effect -> Type where
361− DataA :: (forall m r. e m r) -> DataA e
363−-- | Run a statically dispatched effect with the given initial state and return
364−-- the final value along with the final state.
365−runData :: DataA e -> Eff (e : es) a -> Eff es (a, DataA e)
362+runEffect :: adapter e -> Eff (e : es) a -> Eff es (a, adapter e)
366−runData e0 m = unsafeEff $ \es0 -> do
363+runEffect e0 m = unsafeEff $ \es0 -> do
367 size0 <- sizeEnv es0
364 size0 <- sizeEnv es0
368 E.bracket (unsafeConsEnv e0 noRelinker es0)
365 E.bracket (unsafeConsEnv e0 noRelinker es0)
369 (unsafeTailEnv size0)
366 (unsafeTailEnv size0)
370 (\es -> (,) <$> unEff m es <*> getEnv es)
367 (\es -> (,) <$> unEff m es <*> getEnv es)
372−-- | Run a statically dispatched effect with the given initial state and return
373−-- the final value, discarding the final state.
374−evalData :: DataA e -> Eff (e : es) a -> Eff es a
369+evalEffect :: adapter e -> Eff (e : es) a -> Eff es a
375−evalData e m = unsafeEff $ \es0 -> do
370+evalEffect e m = unsafeEff $ \es0 -> do
376 size0 <- sizeEnv es0
371 size0 <- sizeEnv es0
377 E.bracket (unsafeConsEnv e noRelinker es0)
372 E.bracket (unsafeConsEnv e noRelinker es0)
378 (unsafeTailEnv size0)
373 (unsafeTailEnv size0)
379 (\es -> unEff m es)
374 (\es -> unEff m es)
381−-- | Run a statically dispatched effect with the given initial state and return
382−-- the final state, discarding the final value.
383−execData :: DataA e -> Eff (e : es) a -> Eff es (DataA e)
376+execEffect :: adapter e -> Eff (e : es) a -> Eff es (adapter e)
384−execData e0 m = unsafeEff $ \es0 -> do
377+execEffect e0 m = unsafeEff $ \es0 -> do
385 size0 <- sizeEnv es0
378 size0 <- sizeEnv es0
386 E.bracket (unsafeConsEnv e0 noRelinker es0)
379 E.bracket (unsafeConsEnv e0 noRelinker es0)
387 (unsafeTailEnv size0)
380 (unsafeTailEnv size0)
388 (\es -> unEff m es *> getEnv es)
381 (\es -> unEff m es *> getEnv es)
390−-- | Fetch the current state of the effect.
383+getEffect :: e :> es => Eff es (adapter e)
391−getData :: e :> es => Eff es (DataA e)
392−getData = unsafeEff $ \es -> getEnv es
384+getEffect = unsafeEff $ \es -> getEnv es
394−-- | Set the current state of the effect to the given value.
386+putEffect :: e :> es => adapter e -> Eff es ()
395−putData :: e :> es => DataA e -> Eff es ()
396−putData e = unsafeEff $ \es -> putEnv es e
387+putEffect e = unsafeEff $ \es -> putEnv es e
398−-- | Apply the function to the current state of the effect and return a value.
389+stateEffect :: e :> es => (adapter e -> (a, adapter e)) -> Eff es a
399−stateData :: e :> es => (DataA e -> (a, DataA e)) -> Eff es a
400−stateData f = unsafeEff $ \es -> stateEnv es f
390+stateEffect f = unsafeEff $ \es -> stateEnv es f
402−-- | Apply the monadic function to the current state of the effect and return a
404−stateDataM :: e :> es => (DataA e -> Eff es (a, DataA e)) -> Eff es a
392+stateEffectM :: e :> es => (adapter e -> Eff es (a, adapter e)) -> Eff es a
405−stateDataM f = unsafeEff $ \es -> E.mask $ \release -> do
393+stateEffectM f = unsafeEff $ \es -> E.mask $ \release -> do
406 (a, e) <- (\e -> release $ unEff (f e) es) =<< getEnv es
394 (a, e) <- (\e -> release $ unEff (f e) es) =<< getEnv es
407 putEnv es e
395 putEnv es e
410−-- | Execute a computation with a temporarily modified state of the effect.
411−localData :: e :> es => (DataA e -> DataA e) -> Eff es a -> Eff es a
398+localEffect :: e :> es => (adapter e -> adapter e) -> Eff es a -> Eff es a
412−localData f m = unsafeEff $ \es -> do
399+localEffect f m = unsafeEff $ \es -> do
413 E.bracket (stateEnv es $ \e -> (e, f e))
400 E.bracket (stateEnv es $ \e -> (e, f e))
414 (\e -> putEnv es e)
401 (\e -> putEnv es e)
415 (\_ -> unEff m es)
402 (\_ -> unEff m es)