System.exit does proper context hard exit. (#10363)

The `System.exit 42` component is treated the same way as any other Panic error - it does not interfere with other component evaluation:
![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/516490b5-755f-453e-8dc9-744437dc51bd)

After removing the `System.exit 42` component, the workflow works as expected. I have also tried opening the project with the component and then removing it.

engine/runner/src/main/java/org/enso/runner/Main.java

@@ -873,10 +873,14 @@ public final class Main {
         }
       }
     } catch (PolyglotException e) {
+      if (e.isExit()) {
+        doExit(e.getExitStatus());
+      } else {
         printPolyglotException(e, rootPkgPath);
         throw exitFail();
       }
     }
+  }
 
   /**
    * Handles the `--repl` CLI option

engine/runtime-instrument-common/src/main/java/org/enso/interpreter/service/ExecutionService.java

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ package org.enso.interpreter.service;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.CallTarget;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.TruffleLogger;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.exception.AbstractTruffleException;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.VirtualFrame;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.instrumentation.EventBinding;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.instrumentation.ExecutionEventNodeFactory;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.ArityException;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.ExceptionType;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.InteropLibrary;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.UnknownIdentifierException;
 import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.UnsupportedMessageException;
@@ -479,6 +481,18 @@ public final class ExecutionService {
     return null;
   }
 
+  public boolean isExitException(AbstractTruffleException ex) {
+    var interop = InteropLibrary.getUncached();
+    if (interop.isException(ex)) {
+      try {
+        return interop.getExceptionType(ex) == ExceptionType.EXIT;
+      } catch (UnsupportedMessageException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns a human-readable message for a panic exception.
    *

engine/runtime-instrument-common/src/main/scala/org/enso/interpreter/instrument/job/ProgramExecutionSupport.scala

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ import java.io.File
 import java.util.UUID
 import java.util.function.Consumer
 import java.util.logging.Level
-
 import scala.jdk.OptionConverters.RichOptional
 import scala.util.Try
 
@@ -324,9 +323,11 @@ object ProgramExecutionSupport {
     ctx: RuntimeContext
   ): PartialFunction[Throwable, Api.ExecutionResult.Diagnostic] = {
     case ex: AbstractTruffleException
+        // exit exception is special, and handled as failure rather than Diagnostics.
+        if !ctx.executionService.isExitException(ex) &&
         // The empty language is allowed because `getLanguage` returns null when
         // the error originates in builtin node.
-        if Option(ctx.executionService.getLanguage(ex))
+        Option(ctx.executionService.getLanguage(ex))
           .forall(_ == LanguageInfo.ID) =>
       val section = Option(ctx.executionService.getSourceLocation(ex))
       val source  = section.flatMap(sec => Option(sec.getSource))
@@ -357,6 +358,16 @@ object ProgramExecutionSupport {
         findFileByModuleName(ex.getModule)
       )
 
+    case exitEx: AbstractTruffleException
+        if ctx.executionService.isExitException(exitEx) =>
+      val section = Option(ctx.executionService.getSourceLocation(exitEx))
+      val source  = section.flatMap(sec => Option(sec.getSource))
+      val file    = source.flatMap(src => findFileByModuleName(src.getName))
+      Api.ExecutionResult.Failure(
+        exitEx.getMessage,
+        file
+      )
+
     case ex: ServiceException =>
       Api.ExecutionResult.Failure(ex.getMessage, None)
   }

engine/runtime-integration-tests/src/test/scala/org/enso/interpreter/test/instrument/RuntimeServerTest.scala

@@ -5773,6 +5773,62 @@ class RuntimeServerTest
     )
   }
 
+  it should "return error when invoking System.exit" in {
+    val contextId  = UUID.randomUUID()
+    val requestId  = UUID.randomUUID()
+    val moduleName = "Enso_Test.Test.Main"
+    val metadata   = new Metadata
+    val code =
+      """import Standard.Base.System
+        |
+        |main =
+        |    System.exit 42
+        |""".stripMargin.linesIterator.mkString("\n")
+    val contents = metadata.appendToCode(code)
+    val mainFile = context.writeMain(contents)
+
+    // create context
+    context.send(Api.Request(requestId, Api.CreateContextRequest(contextId)))
+    context.receive shouldEqual Some(
+      Api.Response(requestId, Api.CreateContextResponse(contextId))
+    )
+
+    // Set sources for the module
+    context.send(
+      Api.Request(requestId, Api.OpenFileRequest(mainFile, contents))
+    )
+    context.receive shouldEqual Some(
+      Api.Response(Some(requestId), Api.OpenFileResponse)
+    )
+
+    // push main
+    context.send(
+      Api.Request(
+        requestId,
+        Api.PushContextRequest(
+          contextId,
+          Api.StackItem.ExplicitCall(
+            Api.MethodPointer(moduleName, moduleName, "main"),
+            None,
+            Vector()
+          )
+        )
+      )
+    )
+    context.receiveNIgnoreStdLib(2) should contain theSameElementsAs Seq(
+      Api.Response(requestId, Api.PushContextResponse(contextId)),
+      Api.Response(
+        Api.ExecutionFailed(
+          contextId,
+          Api.ExecutionResult.Failure(
+            "Exit was called with exit code 42.",
+            Some(mainFile)
+          )
+        )
+      )
+    )
+  }
+
   it should "return compiler warning unused variable" in {
     val contextId  = UUID.randomUUID()
     val requestId  = UUID.randomUUID()

engine/runtime/src/main/java/org/enso/interpreter/runtime/system/ExitException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package org.enso.interpreter.runtime.system;
+
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives.TruffleBoundary;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.TruffleStackTraceElement;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.exception.AbstractTruffleException;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.ExceptionType;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.InteropLibrary;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.library.ExportLibrary;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.library.ExportMessage;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.Node;
+import org.enso.interpreter.runtime.data.vector.ArrayLikeHelpers;
+
+/** Thrown when {@code System.exit} call was called during execution. */
+@ExportLibrary(InteropLibrary.class)
+final class ExitException extends AbstractTruffleException {
+  private final int exitCode;
+
+  ExitException(int code, Node location) {
+    super(location);
+    this.exitCode = code;
+  }
+
+  @ExportMessage
+  boolean isException() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @ExportMessage
+  int getExceptionExitStatus() {
+    return exitCode;
+  }
+
+  @ExportMessage
+  ExceptionType getExceptionType() {
+    return ExceptionType.EXIT;
+  }
+
+  @ExportMessage
+  boolean hasExceptionMessage() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @ExportMessage
+  String getExceptionMessage() {
+    return getMessage();
+  }
+
+  @TruffleBoundary
+  @Override
+  public String getMessage() {
+    return "Exit was called with exit code " + exitCode + ".";
+  }
+
+  @ExportMessage
+  RuntimeException throwException() {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  @ExportMessage
+  boolean hasExceptionStackTrace() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @ExportMessage
+  Object getExceptionStackTrace() {
+    var node = this.getLocation();
+    var frame = TruffleStackTraceElement.create(node, node.getRootNode().getCallTarget(), null);
+    return ArrayLikeHelpers.asVectorWithCheckAt(frame.getGuestObject());
+  }
+}

engine/runtime/src/main/java/org/enso/interpreter/runtime/system/System.java

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils;
-import org.enso.interpreter.EnsoLanguage;
 import org.enso.interpreter.dsl.Builtin;
 import org.enso.interpreter.node.expression.builtin.text.util.ExpectStringNode;
 import org.enso.interpreter.runtime.EnsoContext;
@@ -46,14 +45,15 @@ public class System {
     return java.lang.System.nanoTime();
   }
 
+  @Builtin.Specialize
   @Builtin.Method(
       description = "Exits the process, returning the provided code.",
       autoRegister = false)
   @CompilerDirectives.TruffleBoundary
-  public static void exit(long code) {
-    var ctx = EnsoContext.get(null);
-    EnsoLanguage.get(null).disposeContext(ctx);
-    java.lang.System.exit((int) code);
+  public static void exit(long code, @Cached ExpectStringNode expectStringNode) {
+    // expectStringNode is an artificial Node just to provide a location for
+    // the exception
+    throw new ExitException((int) code, expectStringNode);
   }
 
   @Builtin.Specialize

test/micro-distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/System.enso

@@ -3,3 +3,5 @@ create_process command arguments input redirect_in redirect_out redirect_err = @
 @Builtin_Type
 type System_Process_Result
     Result exit_code stdout stderr
+
+exit code = @Builtin_Method "System.exit"