This change brings by-type pattern matching to Enso.
One can pattern match on Enso types as well as on polyglot types.
For example,
```
case x of
_ : Integer -> ...
_ : Text -> ...
_ -> ...
```
as well as Java's types
```
case y of
_ : ArrayList -> ...
_ : List -> ...
_ : AbstractList -> ...
_ -> ..
```
It is no longer possible to match a value with a corresponding type constructor.
For example
```
case Date.now of
Date -> ...
```
will no longer match and one should match on the type (`_ : Date`) instead.
```
case Date of
Date -> ...
```
is fine though, as requested in the ticket.
The change required further changes to `type_of` logic which wasn't dealing well with polyglot values.
Implements https://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/183188846
# Important Notes
~I discovered late in the game that nested patterns involving type patterns, such as `Const (f : Foo) tail -> ...` are not possible due to the old parser logic.
I would prefer to add it in a separate PR because this one is already getting quite large.~ This is now supported!
Makes statics static. A type and its instances have different methods defined on them, as it should be. Constructors are now scoped in types, and can be imported/exported.
# Important Notes
The method of fixing stdlib chosen here is to just not. All the conses are exported to make all old code work. All such instances are marked with `TODO Dubious constructor export` so that it can be found and fixed.
`Vector` type is now a builtin type. This requires a bunch of additional builtin methods for its creation:
- Use `Vector.from_array` to convert any array-like structure into a `Vector` [by copy](f628b28f5f)
- Use (already existing) `Vector.from_polyglot_array` to convert any array-like structure into a `Vector` **without** copying
- Use (already existing) `Vector.fill 1 item` to create a singleton `Vector`
Additional, for pattern matching purposes, we had to implement a `VectorBranchNode`. Use following to match on `x` being an instance of `Vector` type:
```
import Standard.Base.Data.Vector
size = case x of
Vector.Vector -> x.length
_ -> 0
```
Finally, `VectorLiterals` pass that transforms `[1,2,3]` to (roughly)
```
a1 = 1
a2 = 2
a3 = 3
Vector (Array (a1,a2, a3))
```
had to be modified to generate
```
a1 = 1
a2 = 2
a3 = 3
Vector.from_array (Array (a1, a2, a3))
```
instead to accomodate to the API changes. As of 025acaa676 all the known CI checks passes. Let's start the review.
# Important Notes
Matching in `case` statement is currently done via `Vector_Data`. Use:
```
case x of
Vector.Vector_Data -> True
```
until a better alternative is found.
This is a step towards the new language spec. The `type` keyword now means something. So we now have
```
type Maybe a
Some (from_some : a)
None
```
as a thing one may write. Also `Some` and `None` are not standalone types now – only `Maybe` is.
This halfway to static methods – we still allow for things like `Number + Number` for backwards compatibility. It will disappear in the next PR.
The concept of a type is now used for method dispatch – with great impact on interpreter code density.
Some APIs in the STDLIB may require re-thinking. I take this is going to be up to the libraries team – some choices are not as good with a semantically different language. I've strived to update stdlib with minimal changes – to make sure it still works as it did.
It is worth mentioning the conflicting constructor name convention I've used: if `Foo` only has one constructor, previously named `Foo`, we now have:
```
type Foo
Foo_Data f1 f2 f3
```
This is now necessary, because we still don't have proper statics. When they arrive, this can be changed (quite easily, with SED) to use them, and figure out the actual convention then.
I have also reworked large parts of the builtins system, because it did not work at all with the new concepts.
It also exposes the type variants in SuggestionBuilder, that was the original tiny PR this was based on.
PS I'm so sorry for the size of this. No idea how this could have been smaller. It's a breaking language change after all.
Implements https://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/182879865
# Important Notes
Note that removing `set_at` still does not make our arrays fully immutable - `Array.copy` can still be used to mutate them.
Use Proxy_Polyglot_Array as a proxy for polyglot arrays, thus unifying
the way the underlying array is accessed in Vector.
Used the opportunity to cleanup builtin lookup, which now actually
respects what is defined in the body of @Builtin_Method annotation.
Also discovered that polyglot null values (in JS, Python and R) were leaking to Enso.
Fixed that by doing explicit translation to `Nothing`.
https://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/181123986
- Removed various unnecessary `Standard.Base` imports still left behind.
- Added `Regex` to default `Standard.Base`.
- Removed aliasing from the examples as no longer needed (case coercion no long occurs).
- Remove `import Standard.Table` from within the Table library (directly importing types).
- Reviewed what was in `Standard.Database` - a few tweaks and removals.
- Removed various un-needed aliasing following Hubert's import work.
This change modifies the current language by requiring explicit `self` parameter declaration
for methods. Methods without `self` parameter in the first position should be treated as statics
although that is not yet part of this PR. We add an implicit self to all methods
This obviously required updating the whole stdlib and its components, tests etc but the change
is pretty straightforward in the diff.
Notice that this change **does not** change method dispatch, which was removed in the last changes.
This was done on purpose to simplify the implementation for now. We will likely still remove all
those implicit selfs to bring true statics.
Minor caveat - since `main` doesn't actually need self, already removed that which simplified
a lot of code.
Add some additional scenarios to Excel append tests:
- Non-A1 start
- Name duplication
- Hitting another range
# Important Notes
Also fixed a warning in the Image library.
More and more often I need a way to only recover a specific type of a dataflow error (in a similar manner as with panics). So the API for `Error.catch` has been amended to more closely resemble `Panic.catch`, allowing to handle only specific types of dataflow errors, passing others through unchanged. The default is `Any`, meaning all errors are caught by default, and the behaviour of `x.catch` remains unchanged.
A semi-manual s/this/self appied to the whole standard library.
Related to https://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/182328601
In the compiler promoted to use constants instead of hardcoded
`this`/`self` whenever possible.
# Important Notes
The PR **does not** require explicit `self` parameter declaration for methods as this part
of the design is still under consideration.
Auto-generate all builtin methods for builtin `File` type from method signatures.
Similarly, for `ManagedResource` and `Warning`.
Additionally, support for specializations for overloaded and non-overloaded methods is added.
Coverage can be tracked by the number of hard-coded builtin classes that are now deleted.
## Important notes
Notice how `type File` now lacks `prim_file` field and we were able to get rid off all of those
propagating method calls without writing a single builtin node class.
Similarly `ManagedResource` and `Warning` are now builtins and `Prim_Warnings` stub is now gone.
- Added Encoding type
- Added `Text.bytes`, `Text.from_bytes` with Encoding support
- Renamed `File.read` to `File.read_text`
- Renamed `File.write` to `File.write_text`
- Added Encoding support to `File.read_text` and `File.write_text`
- Added warnings to invalid encodings
