diff --git a/src/Control/Abstract/Heap.hs b/src/Control/Abstract/Heap.hs
index ba6fe2d43..f4f40774b 100644
--- a/src/Control/Abstract/Heap.hs
+++ b/src/Control/Abstract/Heap.hs
@@ -113,14 +113,13 @@ letrec' name body = do
 
 
 -- | Look up and dereference the given 'Name', throwing an exception for free variables.
-variable :: ( Member (Allocator address value) effects
-            , Member (Reader (Environment address)) effects
+variable :: ( Member (Reader (Environment address)) effects
             , Member (Resumable (EnvironmentError address)) effects
             , Member (State (Environment address)) effects
             )
          => Name
-         -> Evaluator address value effects value
-variable name = lookupEnv name >>= maybeM (freeVariableError name) >>= deref
+         -> Evaluator address value effects address
+variable name = lookupEnv name >>= maybeM (freeVariableError name)
 
 
 -- Effects
diff --git a/src/Control/Abstract/Primitive.hs b/src/Control/Abstract/Primitive.hs
index 01785866c..2aa137fc8 100644
--- a/src/Control/Abstract/Primitive.hs
+++ b/src/Control/Abstract/Primitive.hs
@@ -53,4 +53,4 @@ defineBuiltins :: ( AbstractValue address value effects
                   )
                => Evaluator address value effects ()
 defineBuiltins =
-  builtin "print" (lambda (\ v -> variable v >>= asString >>= trace . unpack >> box unit))
+  builtin "print" (lambda (\ v -> variable v >>= deref >>= asString >>= trace . unpack >> box unit))
diff --git a/src/Data/Abstract/Evaluatable.hs b/src/Data/Abstract/Evaluatable.hs
index a5413ebe7..4fbf11402 100644
--- a/src/Data/Abstract/Evaluatable.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Abstract/Evaluatable.hs
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ evaluatePackageWith analyzeModule analyzeTerm package
         evaluateEntryPoint m sym = runInModule (ModuleInfo m) . TermEvaluator $ do
           reqResult <- require m
           v <- maybe (box unit) (pure . snd) reqResult
-          maybe (pure v) ((`call` []) <=< variable) sym
+          maybe (pure v) ((`call` []) <=< deref <=< variable) sym
 
         evalPrelude prelude = raiseHandler (runModules (runTermEvaluator . evalModule)) $ do
           _ <- runInModule moduleInfoFromCallStack (TermEvaluator (defineBuiltins *> (box unit)))
diff --git a/src/Language/Ruby/Syntax.hs b/src/Language/Ruby/Syntax.hs
index 217456c7b..fb84ec33d 100644
--- a/src/Language/Ruby/Syntax.hs
+++ b/src/Language/Ruby/Syntax.hs
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ instance ToJSONFields1 Send
 instance Evaluatable Send where
   eval Send{..} = do
     let sel = case sendSelector of
-          Just sel -> subtermValue sel
+          Just sel -> subtermAddress sel
           Nothing  -> variable (name "call")
-    func <- maybe sel (deref <=< (flip evaluateInScopedEnv (sel >>= box) . subtermValue)) sendReceiver
+    func <- deref =<< maybe sel (flip evaluateInScopedEnv sel . subtermValue) sendReceiver
     Rval <$> call func (map subtermAddress sendArgs) -- TODO pass through sendBlock
 
 data Require a = Require { requireRelative :: Bool, requirePath :: !a }