diff --git a/src/Language/Go/Syntax.hs b/src/Language/Go/Syntax.hs
index c37a784f8..af200e6dc 100644
--- a/src/Language/Go/Syntax.hs
+++ b/src/Language/Go/Syntax.hs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ instance Evaluatable Import where
     for_ paths $ \path -> do
       traceResolve (unPath importPath) path
       importedEnv <- maybe emptyEnv fst <$> isolate (require path)
-      modifyEnv (mergeEnvs importedEnv)
+      bindAll importedEnv
     pure (Rval unit)
 
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ instance Evaluatable QualifiedImport where
       for_ paths $ \p -> do
         traceResolve (unPath importPath) p
         importedEnv <- maybe emptyEnv fst <$> isolate (require p)
-        modifyEnv (mergeEnvs importedEnv)
+        bindAll importedEnv
       makeNamespace alias addr Nothing
     pure (Rval unit)
 
diff --git a/src/Language/PHP/Syntax.hs b/src/Language/PHP/Syntax.hs
index 28094cc45..b11d1fc6a 100644
--- a/src/Language/PHP/Syntax.hs
+++ b/src/Language/PHP/Syntax.hs
@@ -54,11 +54,10 @@ resolvePHPName n = do
 
 include :: ( AbstractValue location value effects
            , Member (Allocator location value) effects
+           , Member (Env location) effects
            , Member (Modules location value) effects
-           , Member (Reader (Environment location)) effects
            , Member (Resumable ResolutionError) effects
            , Member (Resumable (EnvironmentError location)) effects
-           , Member (State (Environment location)) effects
            , Member (State (Exports location)) effects
            , Member Trace effects
            )
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ include pathTerm f = do
   path <- resolvePHPName name
   traceResolve name path
   (importedEnv, v) <- isolate (f path) >>= maybeM (pure (emptyEnv, unit))
-  modifyEnv (mergeEnvs importedEnv)
+  bindAll importedEnv
   pure (Rval v)
 
 newtype Require a = Require a
diff --git a/src/Language/Python/Syntax.hs b/src/Language/Python/Syntax.hs
index 1aa99d740..7a275a258 100644
--- a/src/Language/Python/Syntax.hs
+++ b/src/Language/Python/Syntax.hs
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ instance Evaluatable Import where
     -- Last module path is the one we want to import
     let path = NonEmpty.last modulePaths
     importedEnv <- maybe emptyEnv fst <$> isolate (require path)
-    modifyEnv (mergeEnvs (select importedEnv))
+    bindAll (select importedEnv)
     pure (Rval unit)
     where
       select importedEnv
@@ -128,9 +128,8 @@ instance Evaluatable Import where
 -- Evaluate a qualified import
 evalQualifiedImport :: ( AbstractValue location value effects
                        , Member (Allocator location value) effects
+                       , Member (Env location) effects
                        , Member (Modules location value) effects
-                       , Member (Reader (Environment location)) effects
-                       , Member (State (Environment location)) effects
                        , Member (State (Exports location)) effects
                        , Member (State (Heap location (Cell location) value)) effects
                        , Ord location
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@ evalQualifiedImport :: ( AbstractValue location value effects
                     => Name -> ModulePath -> Evaluator location value effects value
 evalQualifiedImport name path = letrec' name $ \addr -> do
   importedEnv <- maybe emptyEnv fst <$> isolate (require path)
-  modifyEnv (mergeEnvs importedEnv)
+  bindAll importedEnv
   unit <$ makeNamespace name addr Nothing
 
 newtype QualifiedImport a = QualifiedImport { qualifiedImportFrom :: QualifiedName }
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ instance Evaluatable QualifiedAliasedImport where
     Rval <$> letrec' alias (\addr -> do
       let path = NonEmpty.last modulePaths
       importedEnv <- maybe emptyEnv fst <$> isolate (require path)
-      modifyEnv (mergeEnvs importedEnv)
+      bindAll importedEnv
       unit <$ makeNamespace alias addr Nothing)
 
 -- | Ellipsis (used in splice expressions and alternatively can be used as a fill in expression, like `undefined` in Haskell)
diff --git a/src/Language/Ruby/Syntax.hs b/src/Language/Ruby/Syntax.hs
index ddc1db58d..f91f80e8f 100644
--- a/src/Language/Ruby/Syntax.hs
+++ b/src/Language/Ruby/Syntax.hs
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ instance Evaluatable Load where
   eval (Load _) = raiseEff (fail "invalid argument supplied to load, path is required")
 
 doLoad :: ( AbstractValue location value effects
+          , Member (Env location) effects
           , Member (Modules location value) effects
           , Member (Resumable ResolutionError) effects
-          , Member (State (Environment location)) effects
           , Member (State (Exports location)) effects
           , Member Trace effects
           )
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ doLoad path shouldWrap = do
   path' <- resolveRubyPath path
   traceResolve path path'
   importedEnv <- maybe emptyEnv fst <$> isolate (load path')
-  unless shouldWrap $ modifyEnv (mergeEnvs importedEnv)
+  unless shouldWrap $ bindAll importedEnv
   pure (boolean Prelude.True) -- load always returns true. http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.5.0/Kernel.html#method-i-load
 
 -- TODO: autoload
diff --git a/src/Language/TypeScript/Syntax.hs b/src/Language/TypeScript/Syntax.hs
index cac08b9c5..2659c28a6 100644
--- a/src/Language/TypeScript/Syntax.hs
+++ b/src/Language/TypeScript/Syntax.hs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE DeriveAnyClass #-}
 module Language.TypeScript.Syntax where
 
+import           Data.Abstract.Address
 import qualified Data.Abstract.Environment as Env
 import           Data.Abstract.Evaluatable
 import qualified Data.Abstract.Module as M
@@ -134,9 +135,8 @@ javascriptExtensions = ["js"]
 
 evalRequire :: ( AbstractValue location value effects
                , Member (Allocator location value) effects
+               , Member (Env location) effects
                , Member (Modules location value) effects
-               , Member (Reader (Environment location)) effects
-               , Member (State (Environment location)) effects
                , Member (State (Exports location)) effects
                , Member (State (Heap location (Cell location) value)) effects
                , Ord location
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ evalRequire :: ( AbstractValue location value effects
             -> Evaluator location value effects value
 evalRequire modulePath alias = letrec' alias $ \addr -> do
   importedEnv <- maybe emptyEnv fst <$> isolate (require modulePath)
-  modifyEnv (mergeEnvs importedEnv)
+  bindAll importedEnv
   unit <$ makeNamespace alias addr Nothing
 
 data Import a = Import { importSymbols :: ![(Name, Name)], importFrom :: ImportPath }
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ instance Evaluatable Import where
   eval (Import symbols importPath) = do
     modulePath <- resolveWithNodejsStrategy importPath typescriptExtensions
     importedEnv <- maybe emptyEnv fst <$> isolate (require modulePath)
-    modifyEnv (mergeEnvs (renamed importedEnv)) $> Rval unit
+    bindAll (renamed importedEnv) $> Rval unit
     where
       renamed importedEnv
         | Prologue.null symbols = importedEnv
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ instance Evaluatable QualifiedExportFrom where
     -- Look up addresses in importedEnv and insert the aliases with addresses into the exports.
     for_ exportSymbols $ \(name, alias) -> do
       let address = Env.lookup name importedEnv
-      maybe (throwEvalError $ ExportError modulePath name) (addExport name alias . Just) address
+      maybe (throwEvalError $ ExportError modulePath name) (addExport name alias . Just . Address) address
     pure (Rval unit)
 
 newtype DefaultExport a = DefaultExport { defaultExport :: a }