docs: adding mssql insert and upsert docs

PR-URL: https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/pull/3052
Co-authored-by: Rikin Kachhia <54616969+rikinsk@users.noreply.github.com>
GitOrigin-RevId: ad54607093aa5a353c2fbc01b51558ab192bdef9

docs/graphql/core/databases/ms-sql-server/index.rst

@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ Here are 2 ways you can get started with Hasura and SQL Server:
 Supported features
 ------------------
 
-Hasura currently supports queries, subscriptions, relationships and permissions on MS SQL Server.
+Hasura currently supports queries, subscriptions, inserts, deletes, relationships and permissions on MS SQL Server.
 
 Next up on our roadmap for Hasura + SQL Server:
 
 - Support for stored procedures & functions (`#7073 <https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine/issues/7073>`__)
-- Mutations: Run inserts, updates, stored procedures and transactions securely on SQL Server over a GraphQL API (`#7074 <https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine/issues/7074>`__)
+- Mutations: Run updates, stored procedures and transactions securely on SQL Server over a GraphQL API (`#7074 <https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine/issues/7074>`__)
 - Event triggers: Trigger HTTP webhooks with atomic capture and atleast once guarantee whenever data changes inside the database (`#7075 <https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine/issues/7075>`__)
 - Remote Joins: Join models in SQL Server to models from other API services (GraphQL or REST) (`#7076 <https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine/issues/7076>`__)
 
@@ -75,8 +75,4 @@ Know more
     :maxdepth: 1
     :titlesonly:
 
-    Schema <schema/index>
-    Queries <queries/index>
-    Mutations <mutations/index>
-    Subscriptions <subscriptions/index>
     Supported MS SQL Server types <mssql-types>

docs/graphql/core/databases/ms-sql-server/mutations/index.rst

@@ -31,14 +31,20 @@ The following types of mutation requests are possible:
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 1
 
+  Insert <insert>
+  Upsert <upsert>
   Delete <delete>
 
+
+.. note::
+
+  Support for the update mutation will be added soon.
+
+
 .. TODO: DBCOMPATIBILITY
 
   .. toctree::
     :maxdepth: 1
 
-    Insert <insert>
-    Upsert <upsert>
     Update <update>
     multiple-mutations

docs/graphql/core/databases/ms-sql-server/mutations/insert.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+.. meta::
+   :description: Insert an object into MS SQL Server using a mutation
+   :keywords: hasura, docs, ms sql server, mutation, insert
+
+.. _ms_sql_server_insert:
+
+MS SQL Server: Insert mutation
+==============================
+
+.. contents:: Table of contents
+  :backlinks: none
+  :depth: 1
+  :local:
+
+Auto-generated insert mutation schema
+-------------------------------------
+
+**For example**, the auto-generated schema for the insert mutation field for a table ``article`` looks like the following:
+
+.. code-block:: graphql
+
+  insert_article (
+    objects: [article_insert_input!]!
+    if_matched: article_if_matched
+  ): article_mutation_response
+
+  # response of any mutation on the table "article"
+  type article_mutation_response {
+    # number of affected rows by the mutation
+    affected_rows: Int!
+    # data of the affected rows by the mutation
+    returning: [article!]!
+  }
+
+  # single object insert
+  insert_article_one (
+    object: article_insert_input!
+    if_matched: article_if_matched
+  ): article
+
+As you can see from the schema:
+
+- ``objects`` argument is mandatory and you can pass multiple ``objects`` to the mutation.
+- You can pass an ``if_matched`` argument to convert the mutation to an :ref:`upsert mutation <ms_sql_server_upsert>`.
+- You can return the number of affected rows and the affected objects (with nested objects) in the response.
+- You can use the single object insert to get the inserted object directly as the mutation response.
+
+..
+  See the :ref:`insert mutation API reference <insert_upsert_syntax>` for the full specifications.
+
+.. note::
+
+  If a table is not in the ``dbo`` MS SQL Server schema, the insert mutation field will be of the format
+  ``insert_<schema_name>_<table_name>``.
+
+Insert a single object
+----------------------
+
+**Example:** Insert a new ``article`` object and return the inserted article object in the response:
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation insert_single_article {
+      insert_article_one(
+        object: {
+          title: "Article 1",
+          content: "Sample article content",
+          author_id: 3
+        }
+      ) {
+        id
+        title
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_article_one": {
+          "id": 21,
+          "title": "Article 1"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+Using variables:
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation insert_single_article($object: article_insert_input! ) {
+      insert_article_one(object: $object) {
+        id
+        title
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_article_one": {
+          "id": 21,
+          "title": "Article 1"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  :variables:
+    {
+      "object": {
+        "title": "Article 1",
+        "content": "Sample article content",
+        "author_id": 3
+      }
+    }
+
+.. note::
+
+   The ``insert_<object>_one`` mutation will **only** be available if you have select permissions on the table, as it returns the inserted row.
+
+Insert multiple objects of the same type in the same mutation
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+**Example:** Insert 2 new ``article`` objects and return both the article objects in the response:
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation insert_multiple_articles {
+      insert_article(
+        objects: [
+          {
+            title: "Article 2",
+            content: "Sample article content",
+            author_id: 4
+          },
+          {
+            title: "Article 3",
+            content: "Sample article content",
+            author_id: 5
+          }
+        ]
+      ) {
+        returning {
+          id
+          title
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_article": {
+          "affected_rows": 2,
+          "returning": [
+            {
+              "id": 22,
+              "title": "Article 2"
+            },
+            {
+              "id": 23,
+              "title": "Article 3"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+Using variables:
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation insert_multiple_articles($objects: [article_insert_input!]! ) {
+      insert_article(objects: $objects) {
+        returning {
+          id
+          title
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+        "data": {
+          "insert_article": {
+            "affected_rows": 2,
+            "returning": [
+              {
+                "id": 22,
+                "title": "Article 2"
+              },
+              {
+                "id": 23,
+                "title": "Article 3"
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      }
+  :variables:
+    {
+      "objects": [
+        {
+          "title": "Article 2",
+          "content": "Sample article content",
+          "author_id": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "title": "Article 3",
+          "content": "Sample article content",
+          "author_id": 5
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+
+
+Insert an object and get a nested object in response
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+**Example:** Insert a new ``article`` object and return the inserted article object with its author in the response:
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation insert_article {
+      insert_article(
+        objects: [
+          {
+            title: "Article 1",
+            content: "Sample article content",
+            author_id: 3
+          }
+        ]
+      ) {
+        returning {
+          id
+          title
+          author {
+            id
+            name
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_article": {
+          "affected_rows": 1,
+          "returning": [
+            {
+              "id": 21,
+              "title": "Article 1",
+              "author": {
+                "id": 3,
+                "name": "Sidney"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+Set a field to its default value during insert
+----------------------------------------------
+
+To set a field to its ``default`` value, just omit it from the input object, irrespective of the
+default value configuration i.e. via MS SQL Server defaults or using column presets.
+
+**Example:** If the default value of ``id`` is set to auto-incrementing integer, there's no need to pass the ``id`` field to the input object:
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation insert_article_with_def_id {
+      insert_article(
+        objects: [
+          {
+            title: "Article 1",
+            content: "Sample article content",
+            author_id: 3
+          }
+        ]
+      ) {
+        returning {
+          id
+          title
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_article": {
+          "affected_rows": 1,
+          "returning": [
+            {
+              "id": 21,
+              "title": "Article 1"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+Set a field to NULL during insert
+---------------------------------
+
+If a field is ``nullable`` in the database, to set its value to ``null``, either pass its value as ``null`` or
+just omit it from the input object.
+
+**Example:** If ``age`` is a nullable field, to set it to ``null``, either don't pass the age field to the input object
+or pass it as ``null``:
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation insert_author_with_null_age {
+      insert_author(
+        objects: [
+          {
+            name: "Jeff"
+          }
+        ]
+      ) {
+        returning {
+          id
+          name
+          age
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_author": {
+          "returning": [
+            {
+                "id": 11,
+                "name": "Jeff",
+                "age": null
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+OR
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation insert_author_with_null_age {
+      insert_author(
+        objects: [
+          {
+            name: "Jeff",
+            age: null
+          }
+        ]
+      ) {
+        returning {
+          id
+          name
+          age
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_author": {
+          "returning": [
+            {
+                "id": 11,
+                "name": "Jeff",
+                "age": null
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }

docs/graphql/core/databases/ms-sql-server/mutations/upsert.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+.. meta::
+   :description: Use upsert mutations on MS SQL Server with Hasura
+   :keywords: hasura, docs, ms sql server, mutation, upsert
+
+.. _ms_sql_server_upsert:
+
+MS SQL Server: Upsert mutation
+==============================
+
+.. contents:: Table of contents
+  :backlinks: none
+  :depth: 1
+  :local:
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+An upsert query ensures the given set of rows are present in the database, inserting new rows or updating existing
+rows as necessary, subject to certain criteria.
+
+
+Convert insert mutation to upsert
+---------------------------------
+
+.. note::
+
+  Only tables with **update** permissions are **upsertable**. i.e. a table's update permissions are respected
+  before updating an existing row in case of a match.
+
+To convert an :ref:`insert mutation <ms_sql_server_insert>` into an upsert, you need to use the ``if_matched`` argument to specify:
+
+- the **columns to be matched** for each row using the ``match_columns`` field.
+- the **columns to be updated** in the case of a match using the ``update_columns`` field.
+- a **condition** for updating the column using the ``where`` field, and
+
+The value of the ``update_columns`` field determines the behaviour of the upsert request as shown via the use cases
+below.
+
+Upsert is not a substitute for update
+-------------------------------------
+
+The upsert functionality is sometimes confused with the update functionality. However, they work slightly
+differently. An upsert mutation is used in the case when it's not clear if the respective row is already present
+in the database. If it's known that the row is present in the database, ``update`` is the functionality to use.
+
+For an upsert, **all columns that are necessary for an insert are required**.
+
+**How it works**
+
+1. MS SQL Server tries to insert a row (hence all the required columns need to be present)
+
+2. If this fails because of some match, it updates the specified columns
+
+If not all required columns are present, an error like ``NULL value unexpected for <not-specified-column>`` can occur.
+
+
+Update selected columns on match
+--------------------------------
+
+The ``update_columns`` field can be used to specify which columns to update in case a match occurs.
+
+**Example**: Insert a new object in the ``article`` table or, if the value of the ``title`` column
+matches a a ``title`` value in an existing row, update the ``content`` column of the existing article:
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation upsert_article {
+      insert_article (
+        objects: [
+          {
+            title: "Article 1",
+            content: "Updated article 1 content",
+            published_on: "2018-10-12"
+          }
+        ],
+        if_matched: {
+          match_columns: title,
+          update_columns: content
+        }
+      ) {
+        returning {
+          id
+          title
+          content
+          published_on
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_article": {
+          "returning": [
+            {
+              "id": 1,
+              "title": "Article 1",
+              "content": "Updated article 1 content",
+              "published_on": "2018-06-15"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+Note that the ``published_on`` column is left unchanged as it wasn't present in ``update_columns``.
+
+.. note::
+
+  If ``match_columns`` is an **empty array** there is no basis for comparing new rows to existing rows.
+  Thus the mutation will always **insert** the values and will never update any rows.
+
+  **Example**: Insert a new object into the article table, will not match on columns because
+  none are specified.
+
+  .. graphiql::
+    :view_only:
+    :query:
+      mutation upsert_article {
+        insert_article (
+          objects: [
+            {
+              title: "Article 1",
+              content: "Article 1 content",
+              published_on: "2018-10-12"
+            }
+          ],
+          if_matched: {
+            match_columns: [],
+            update_columns: content
+          }
+        ) {
+          returning {
+            id
+            title
+            content
+            published_on
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    :response:
+      {
+        "data": {
+          "insert_article": {
+            "returning": [
+              {
+                "id": 3,
+                "title": "Article 1",
+                "content": "Article 1 content",
+                "published_on": "2018-06-15"
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+  This query is equivalent to a simple insert without an ``if_matched`` clause.
+
+
+Update selected columns on match subject to a filter
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+A ``where`` condition can be added to the ``if_matched`` clause to check a condition before making the update in case a
+match occurs.
+
+**Example**: Insert a new object in the ``article`` table, or if the value of the ``title`` column
+matches a a ``title`` value in an existing row, update the ``published_on`` column specified
+in ``update_columns`` only if the previous ``published_on``
+value is lesser than the new value:
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation upsert_article {
+      insert_article (
+        objects: [
+          {
+            title: "Article 2",
+            published_on: "2018-10-12"
+          }
+        ],
+        if_matched: {
+          match_columns: title,
+          update_columns: published_on,
+          where: {
+            published_on: {_lt: "2018-10-12"}
+          }
+        }
+      ) {
+        returning {
+          id
+          title
+          published_on
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_article": {
+          "returning": [
+            {
+              "id": 2,
+              "title": "Article 2",
+              "published_on": "2018-10-12"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+Ignore request on match
+-----------------------
+
+If ``update_columns`` is an **empty array** then on match the changes are ignored.
+
+**Example**: Insert a new author object into the author table, unless there already exists an author with the same name.
+
+.. graphiql::
+  :view_only:
+  :query:
+    mutation upsert_author {
+      insert_author(
+        objects: [
+          { name: "John" }
+        ],
+        if_matched: {
+          match_columns: name,
+          update_columns: []
+        }
+      ) {
+        affected_rows
+      }
+    }
+  :response:
+    {
+      "data": {
+        "insert_author": {
+          "affected_rows": 0
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+In this case, the insert mutation is ignored because there is a match and ``update_columns`` is empty.

docs/graphql/core/databases/postgres/mutations/upsert.rst

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Postgres: Upsert mutation
   :backlinks: none
   :depth: 1
   :local:
-  
+
 Introduction
 ------------
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Update selected columns on conflict
 
 The ``update_columns`` field can be used to specify which columns to update in case a conflict occurs.
 
-**Example**: Insert a new object in the ``article`` table or, if the unique constraint ``article_title_key`` is 
+**Example**: Insert a new object in the ``article`` table or, if the unique constraint ``article_title_key`` is
 violated, update the ``content`` column of the existing article:
 
 .. graphiql::
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ violated, update the ``content`` column of the existing article:
         objects: [
           {
             title: "Article 1",
-            content: "Article 1 content",
+            content: "Updated article 1 content",
             published_on: "2018-10-12"
           }
         ],
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ violated, update the ``content`` column of the existing article:
             {
               "id": 1,
               "title": "Article 1",
-              "content": "Article 1 content",
+              "content": "Updated article 1 content",
               "published_on": "2018-06-15"
             }
           ]
@@ -118,11 +118,11 @@ Note that the ``published_on`` column is left unchanged as it wasn't present in
 Update selected columns on conflict using a filter
 --------------------------------------------------
 
-A ``where`` condition can be added to the ``on_conflict`` clause to check a condition before making the update in case a 
+A ``where`` condition can be added to the ``on_conflict`` clause to check a condition before making the update in case a
 conflict occurs
 
 **Example**: Insert a new object in the ``article`` table, or if the unique key constraint ``article_title_key`` is
-violated, update the ``published_on`` columns specified in ``update_columns`` only if the previous ``published_on`` 
+violated, update the ``published_on`` column specified in ``update_columns`` only if the previous ``published_on``
 value is lesser than the new value:
 
 .. graphiql::
@@ -168,9 +168,9 @@ value is lesser than the new value:
 
 Ignore request on conflict
 --------------------------
-If ``update_columns`` is an **empty array** then on conflict the changes are ignored. 
+If ``update_columns`` is an **empty array** then on conflict the changes are ignored.
 
-**Example**: Insert a new object into the author table or, if the unique constraint ``author_name_key`` is violated, 
+**Example**: Insert a new object into the author table or, if the unique constraint ``author_name_key`` is violated,
 ignore the request.
 
 .. graphiql::
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Upsert in nested mutations
 --------------------------
 You can specify the ``on_conflict`` clause while inserting nested objects:
 
-**Example**: 
+**Example**:
 
 .. graphiql::
   :view_only: