server/tests: ephemeral BigQuery projects for CI test jobs

_Problem_
We currently run teardown/`DELETE` statements on the same, shared `hasura_test` dataset. This is not ideal as parallel test runs can and do affect each other, resulting in nondeterministic CI failures.

Closes https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/issues/2521

_Solution and design_
This PR introduces ephemeral, isolated projects for each test run _in CI only_. Projects are created within [the Google Cloud Platform `data-sources-test-bigquery` directory](https://console.cloud.google.com/iam-admin/settings?folder=704256416468&orgonly=true&supportedpurview=organizationId) on each test run, and destroyed afterwards.

I've only introduced this change in CI for the time being:
  1. this isn't as much of an issue locally because we're less likely to run bigquery tests in parallel.
  2. to more quickly unblock https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine/issues/7929.
  3. to limit the number of new projects created until we have a better idea of our usage vs GCP quota/limits.

Also updated the [internal wiki here](https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/wiki/Testing-BigQuery) with this info.

_To verify_
- CI: [this job](https://buildkite.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/builds/3770#89e5bac6-16fe-447e-bcda-85cd47ea1b77) successfully runs all tests on a temporary project & dataset
- local: follow [these steps](https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/wiki/Testing-BigQuery#ci--optional-dedicated-gcp-project-for-tests) to try the same setup locally

PR-URL: https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/pull/3240
GitOrigin-RevId: d88d9cb7922266bfa962cfcb481e0272b8929a5d

.circleci/test-server.sh

@@ -1151,14 +1151,15 @@ backend-citus)
 backend-bigquery)
 	echo -e "\n$(time_elapsed): <########## TEST GRAPHQL-ENGINE WITH BIGQUERY BACKEND ###########################################>\n"
 
-	source_data_sources_utils
-	verify_bigquery_pytest_env
+	source "$CIRCLECI_FOLDER/../scripts/bigquery.sh" && verify_bigquery_pytest_env
 
-	export HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=$(cat "$HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE")
+	HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=$(cat "$HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE")
+	export HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT
 
 	run_hge_with_args serve
 	wait_for_port 8080
 
+	source_data_sources_utils
 	add_bigquery_source 8080
 
 	# See note [Specifying Pytests with -k flag]

scripts/bigquery.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# helper functions used to run BigQuery tests
+# https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine/tree/master/server/tests-py#running-bigquery-tests
+
+
+# === functions to test BigQuery locally and in CI
+
+# checks that the required bigquery environment variables are available to run tests
+function verify_bigquery_pytest_env() {
+    if [[ -z "${HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE:-}" || -z "${HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID:-}"  ]]; then
+        echo "HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE and HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID environment variables are needed to run these tests."
+        echo "See https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine/tree/master/server/tests-py#running-bigquery-tests for more information."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+# === functions to test BigQuery in CI with ephemeral Google Cloud projects
+
+# checks that the optional bigquery environment variables are available to run tests against a temporary project
+# HASURA_BIGQUERY_TEST_DIR is the ID for the new project's parent directory
+#   https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/resource-hierarchy-access-control
+# HASURA_BIGQUERY_BILLING_ACCT is the billing account ID that should be linked to the project in order to run queries
+#   https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/manage-billing-account
+function verify_temp_project_env() {
+    if [[ -z "${HASURA_BIGQUERY_TEST_DIR:-}" || -z "${HASURA_BIGQUERY_BILLING_ACCT:-}"  ]]; then
+        echo "HASURA_BIGQUERY_TEST_DIR and HASURA_BIGQUERY_BILLING_ACCT environment variables are needed to create a temporary test project."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+function generate_test_project() {
+  # NOTE: project_id_part may be shortened & altered to meet gcloud project ID requirements:
+  # https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects
+  local project_id_part=${1:-$(uuidgen)}
+  HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID=$(echo bq-"$project_id_part" | cut -c1-30 | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
+  echo ""
+  echo "--- create a short-lived bigquery project id: $HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID"
+  gcloud projects create "$HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID" --folder="$HASURA_BIGQUERY_TEST_DIR"
+  # projects require linking to a billing account to run any queries
+  # https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs
+  gcloud beta billing projects link "$HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID"  --billing-account "$HASURA_BIGQUERY_BILLING_ACCT"
+  export HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID
+}
+
+function create_hasura_test_dataset() {
+  local name='hasura_test' # all bigquery tests expect a dataset to exist with this name
+  echo ""
+  echo "--- create a test dataset id: $HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID:$name"
+  bq --location=US mk -d \
+    --project_id "$HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID" \
+    "$name"
+  echo "ok"
+}
+
+function create_temp_bigquery_project() {
+  local project_id_part=${1:-$(uuidgen)}
+  verify_temp_project_env
+  generate_test_project "$project_id_part"
+  create_hasura_test_dataset
+}
+
+function delete_temp_bigquery_project() {
+  local project_id=${1}
+  echo ""
+  echo "--- delete bigquery project id: $project_id"
+  gcloud projects delete "$project_id" --quiet
+}

scripts/data-sources-util.sh

@@ -126,12 +126,3 @@ function add_bigquery_source() {
     }
     '
 }
-
-function verify_bigquery_pytest_env() {
-    # check that required bigquery environment variables are present
-    if [[ -z "${HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE:-}" || -z "${HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID:-}"  ]]; then
-        echo "HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE and HASURA_BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID environment variables are needed to run these tests."
-        echo "See https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine/blob/master/server/py-tests/README.md#running-bigquery-tests for more information."
-        exit 1
-    fi
-}

scripts/parse-pytest-backend

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ case "$BACKEND" in
   postgres)
   ;;
   bigquery)
-    source "scripts/data-sources-util.sh"
+    source "scripts/bigquery.sh"
 
     verify_bigquery_pytest_env
     export HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT=$(cat "$HASURA_BIGQUERY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE")