### Description
This PR does several things:
- it cleans up some structural issues with the engineering documentation:
- it harmonizes the table of contents structure across different files
- adds a link to the bigquery documentation
- moves some files to a new `deep-dives` subfolder
- puts a title at the top of each page to avoid github assuming their title is "table of contents"
- it pre-fills the glossary with a long list of words that could use an entry (all empty for now)
- it adds the only remaining relevant server file from [hasura-internal's wiki](https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-internal/wiki): the old "multiple backends architecture" file
### Discussion
A few things worth discussing in the scope of this PR:
- is it worth migrating old documentation such as the multiple backends architecture, that document a decision process rather instead of being up-to-date reflections of the code? are we planning to delete hasura-internal?
- should we focus instead on _new_ documentation, aimed to be kept up to date?
- are there other old documents we want to move in here, or is that it?
- is this glossary structure ok, or would a purely alphabetical structure make sense?
- does it make sense to have the glossary only in the engineering section? more generally, _what's our broader plan for documentation_?
PR-URL: https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/pull/4537
GitOrigin-RevId: c2b674657b19af7a75f66a2a304c80c30f5b0afb
### Description
This PR adds the ability to perform remote joins from remote schemas in the engine. To do so, we alter the definition of an `ExecutionStep` targeting a remote schema: the `ExecStepRemote` constructor now expects a `Maybe RemoteJoins`. This new argument is used when processing the execution step, in the transport layer (either `Transport.HTTP` or `Transport.WebSocket`).
For this `Maybe RemoteJoins` to be extracted from a parsed query, this PR also extends the `Execute.RemoteJoin.Collect` module, to implement "collection" from a selection set. Not only do those new functions extract the remote joins, but they also apply all necessary transformations to the selection sets (such as inserting the necessary "phantom" fields used as join keys).
Finally in `Execute.RemoteJoin.Join`, we make two changes. First, we now always look for nested remote joins, regardless of whether the join we just performed went to a source or a remote schema; and second we adapt our join tree logic according to the special cases that were added to deal with remote server edge cases.
Additionally, this PR refactors / cleans / documents `Execute.RemoteJoin.RemoteServer`. This is not required as part of this change and could be moved to a separate PR if needed (a similar cleanup of `Join` is done independently in #3894). It also introduces a draft of a new documentation page for this project, that will be refined in the release PR that ships the feature (either #3069 or a copy of it).
While this PR extends the engine, it doesn't plug such relationships in the schema, meaning that, as of this PR, the new code paths in `Join` are technically unreachable. Adding the corresponding schema code and, ultimately, enabling the metadata API will be done in subsequent PRs.
### Keeping track of concrete type names
The main change this PR makes to the existing `Join` code is to handle a new reserved field we sometimes use when targeting remote servers: the `__hasura_internal_typename` field. In short, a GraphQL selection set can sometimes "branch" based on the concrete "runtime type" of the object on which the selection happens:
```graphql
query {
author(id: 53478) {
... on Writer {
name
articles {
title
}
}
... on Artist {
name
articles {
title
}
}
}
}
```
If both of those `articles` are remote joins, we need to be able, when we get the answer, to differentiate between the two different cases. We do this by asking for `__typename`, to be able to decide if we're in the `Writer` or the `Artist` branch of the query.
To avoid further processing / customization of results, we only insert this `__hasura_internal_typename: __typename` field in the query in the case of unions of interfaces AND if we have the guarantee that we will processing the request as part of the remote joins "folding": that is, if there's any remote join in this branch in the tree. Otherwise, we don't insert the field, and we leave that part of the response untouched.
PR-URL: https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/pull/3810
GitOrigin-RevId: 89aaf16274d68e26ad3730b80c2d2fdc2896b96c
## Description
This PR adds a basic README file to `server/documentation`, in order to get something somewhat decent when we run the first automatic sync.
PR-URL: https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/pull/3468
GitOrigin-RevId: 10c3afc1ea02ee3eb914009e3b9ad22065c1db50
GraphQL types can refer to each other in a circular way. The PDV framework used to use values of type `Unique` to recognize two fragments of GraphQL schema as being the same instance. Internally, this is based on `Data.Unique` from the `base` package, which simply increases a counter on every creation of a `Unique` object.
**NB**: The `Unique` values are _not_ used for knot tying the schema combinators themselves (i.e. `Parser`s). The knot tying for `Parser`s is purely based on keys provided to `memoizeOn`. The `Unique` values are _only_ used to recognize two pieces of GraphQL _schema_ as being identical. Originally, the idea was that this would help us with a perfectly correct identification of GraphQL types. But this fully correct equality checking of GraphQL types was never implemented, and does not seem to be necessary to prevent bugs.
Specifically, these `Unique` values are stored as part of `data Definition a`, which specifies a part of our internal abstract syntax tree for the GraphQL types that we expose. The `Unique` values get initialized by the `SchemaT` effect.
In #2894 and #2895, we are experimenting with how (parts of) the GraphQL types can be hidden behind certain permission predicates. This would allow a single GraphQL schema in memory to serve all roles, implementing #2711. The permission predicates get evaluated at query parsing time when we know what role is doing a certain request, thus outputting the correct GraphQL types for that role.
If the approach of #2895 is followed, then the `Definition` objects, and thus the `Unique` values, would be hidden behind the permission predicates. Since the permission predicates are evaluated only after the schema is already supposed to be built, this means that the permission predicates would prevent us from initializing the `Unique` values, rendering them useless.
The simplest remedy to this is to remove our usage of `Unique` altogether from the GraphQL schema and schema combinators. It doesn't serve a functional purpose, doesn't prevent bugs, and requires extra bookkeeping.
PR-URL: https://github.com/hasura/graphql-engine-mono/pull/2980
GitOrigin-RevId: 50d3f9e0b9fbf578ac49c8fc773ba64a94b1f43d
