1use crate::text::{Span, Spans};
2use helix_core::unicode::width::UnicodeWidthStr;
4use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
6use helix_view::graphics::{Color, Modifier, Rect, Style};
9#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
14 pub modifier: Modifier,
18 pub fn set_symbol(&mut self, symbol: &str) -> &mut Cell {
20 self.symbol.push_str(symbol);
24 pub fn set_char(&mut self, ch: char) -> &mut Cell {
30 pub fn set_fg(&mut self, color: Color) -> &mut Cell {
35 pub fn set_bg(&mut self, color: Color) -> &mut Cell {
40 pub fn set_style(&mut self, style: Style) -> &mut Cell {
41 if let Some(c) = style.fg {
44 if let Some(c) = style.bg {
47 self.modifier.insert(style.add_modifier);
48 self.modifier.remove(style.sub_modifier);
52 pub fn style(&self) -> Style {
56 .add_modifier(self.modifier)
59 pub fn reset(&mut self) {
61 self.symbol.push(' ');
62 self.fg = Color::Reset;
63 self.bg = Color::Reset;
64 self.modifier = Modifier::empty();
68impl Default for Cell {
69 fn default() -> Cell {
74 modifier: Modifier::empty(),
79/// A buffer that maps to the desired content of the terminal after the draw call
81/// No widget in the library interacts directly with the terminal. Instead each of them is required
82/// to draw their state to an intermediate buffer. It is basically a grid where each cell contains
83/// a grapheme, a foreground color and a background color. This grid will then be used to output
84/// the appropriate escape sequences and characters to draw the UI as the user has defined it.
89/// use helix_tui::buffer::{Buffer, Cell};
90/// use helix_view::graphics::{Rect, Color, Style, Modifier};
92/// let mut buf = Buffer::empty(Rect{x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 5});
93/// buf[(0, 2)].set_symbol("x");
94/// assert_eq!(buf[(0, 2)].symbol, "x");
95/// buf.set_string(3, 0, "string", Style::default().fg(Color::Red).bg(Color::White));
96/// assert_eq!(buf[(5, 0)], Cell{
97/// symbol: String::from("r"),
100/// modifier: Modifier::empty()
102/// buf[(5, 0)].set_char('x');
103/// assert_eq!(buf[(5, 0)].symbol, "x");
105#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq)]
107 /// The area represented by this buffer
109 /// The content of the buffer. The length of this Vec should always be equal to area.width *
111 pub content: Vec<Cell>,
115 /// Returns a Buffer with all cells set to the default one
116 pub fn empty(area: Rect) -> Buffer {
117 let cell: Cell = Default::default();
118 Buffer::filled(area, &cell)
121 /// Returns a Buffer with all cells initialized with the attributes of the given Cell
122 pub fn filled(area: Rect, cell: &Cell) -> Buffer {
123 let size = area.area() as usize;
124 let mut content = Vec::with_capacity(size);
126 content.push(cell.clone());
128 Buffer { area, content }
131 /// Returns a Buffer containing the given lines
132 pub fn with_lines<S>(lines: Vec<S>) -> Buffer
136 let height = lines.len() as u16;
139 .map(|i| i.as_ref().width() as u16)
141 .unwrap_or_default();
142 let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect {
148 for (y, line) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
149 buffer.set_string(0, y as u16, line, Style::default());
154 /// Returns the content of the buffer as a slice
155 pub fn content(&self) -> &[Cell] {
159 /// Returns the area covered by this buffer
160 pub fn area(&self) -> &Rect {
164 /// Returns a reference to Cell at the given coordinates
165 pub fn get(&self, x: u16, y: u16) -> Option<&Cell> {
166 self.index_of_opt(x, y).map(|i| &self.content[i])
169 /// Returns a mutable reference to Cell at the given coordinates
170 pub fn get_mut(&mut self, x: u16, y: u16) -> Option<&mut Cell> {
171 self.index_of_opt(x, y).map(|i| &mut self.content[i])
174 /// Tells whether the global (x, y) coordinates are inside the Buffer's area.
176 /// Global coordinates are offset by the Buffer's area offset (`x`/`y`).
181 /// # use helix_tui::buffer::Buffer;
182 /// # use helix_view::graphics::Rect;
183 /// let rect = Rect::new(200, 100, 10, 10);
184 /// let buffer = Buffer::empty(rect);
185 /// // Global coordinates inside the Buffer's area
186 /// assert!(buffer.in_bounds(209, 100));
187 /// // Global coordinates outside the Buffer's area
188 /// assert!(!buffer.in_bounds(210, 100));
191 /// Global coordinates are offset by the Buffer's area offset (`x`/`y`).
192 pub fn in_bounds(&self, x: u16, y: u16) -> bool {
193 x >= self.area.left()
194 && x < self.area.right()
195 && y >= self.area.top()
196 && y < self.area.bottom()
199 /// Returns the index in the Vec<Cell> for the given global (x, y) coordinates.
201 /// Global coordinates are offset by the Buffer's area offset (`x`/`y`).
206 /// # use helix_tui::buffer::Buffer;
207 /// # use helix_view::graphics::Rect;
208 /// let rect = Rect::new(200, 100, 10, 10);
209 /// let buffer = Buffer::empty(rect);
210 /// // Global coordinates to the top corner of this Buffer's area
211 /// assert_eq!(buffer.index_of(200, 100), 0);
216 /// Panics when given an coordinate that is outside of this Buffer's area.
217 pub fn index_of(&self, x: u16, y: u16) -> usize {
219 self.in_bounds(x, y),
220 "Trying to access position outside the buffer: x={}, y={}, area={:?}",
225 ((y - self.area.y) * self.area.width + (x - self.area.x)) as usize
228 /// Returns the index in the Vec<Cell> for the given global (x, y) coordinates,
229 /// or `None` if the coordinates are outside the buffer's area.
230 fn index_of_opt(&self, x: u16, y: u16) -> Option<usize> {
231 if self.in_bounds(x, y) {
232 Some(self.index_of(x, y))
238 /// Returns the (global) coordinates of a cell given its index
240 /// Global coordinates are offset by the Buffer's area offset (`x`/`y`).
245 /// # use helix_tui::buffer::Buffer;
246 /// # use helix_view::graphics::Rect;
247 /// let rect = Rect::new(200, 100, 10, 10);
248 /// let buffer = Buffer::empty(rect);
249 /// assert_eq!(buffer.pos_of(0), (200, 100));
250 /// assert_eq!(buffer.pos_of(14), (204, 101));
255 /// Panics when given an index that is outside the Buffer's content.
256 pub fn pos_of(&self, i: usize) -> (u16, u16) {
258 i < self.content.len(),
259 "Trying to get the coords of a cell outside the buffer: i={} len={}",
264 self.area.x + i as u16 % self.area.width,
265 self.area.y + i as u16 / self.area.width,
269 /// Print a string, starting at the position (x, y)
270 pub fn set_string<S>(&mut self, x: u16, y: u16, string: S, style: Style)
274 self.set_stringn(x, y, string, usize::MAX, style);
277 /// Print at most the first n characters of a string if enough space is available
278 /// until the end of the line
279 pub fn set_stringn<S>(
290 self.set_string_truncated_at_end(x, y, string.as_ref(), width, style)
293 /// Print at most the first `width` characters of a string if enough space is available
294 /// until the end of the line. If `ellipsis` is true appends a `…` at the end of
295 /// truncated lines. If `truncate_start` is `true`, truncate the beginning of the string
296 /// instead of the end.
297 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
298 pub fn set_string_truncated(
304 style: impl Fn(usize) -> Style, // Map a grapheme's string offset to a style
306 truncate_start: bool,
308 // prevent panic if out of range
309 if !self.in_bounds(x, y) || width == 0 {
313 let mut index = self.index_of(x, y);
314 let mut x_offset = x as usize;
315 let width = if ellipsis { width - 1 } else { width };
316 let graphemes = string.grapheme_indices(true);
317 let max_offset = min(self.area.right() as usize, width.saturating_add(x as usize));
319 for (byte_offset, s) in graphemes {
320 let width = s.width();
324 // `x_offset + width > max_offset` could be integer overflow on 32-bit machines if we
325 // change dimensions to usize or u32 and someone resizes the terminal to 1x2^32.
326 if width > max_offset.saturating_sub(x_offset) {
330 self.content[index].set_symbol(s);
331 self.content[index].set_style(style(byte_offset));
332 // Reset following cells if multi-width (they would be hidden by the grapheme),
333 for i in index + 1..index + width {
334 self.content[i].reset();
339 if ellipsis && x_offset - (x as usize) < string.width() {
340 self.content[index].set_symbol("…");
343 let mut start_index = self.index_of(x, y);
344 let mut index = self.index_of(max_offset as u16, y);
346 let total_width = string.width();
347 let truncated = total_width > width;
348 if ellipsis && truncated {
349 self.content[start_index].set_symbol("…");
353 index -= width - total_width;
355 for (byte_offset, s) in graphemes.rev() {
356 let width = s.width();
360 let start = index - width;
361 if start < start_index {
364 self.content[start].set_symbol(s);
365 self.content[start].set_style(style(byte_offset));
366 for i in start + 1..index {
367 self.content[i].reset();
375 /// Print at most the first `width` characters of a string if enough space is available
376 /// until the end of the line.
377 pub fn set_string_truncated_at_end(
385 // prevent panic if out of range
386 if !self.in_bounds(x, y) {
390 let mut index = self.index_of(x, y);
391 let mut x_offset = x as usize;
392 let max_x_offset = min(self.area.right() as usize, width.saturating_add(x as usize));
394 for s in string.graphemes(true) {
395 let width = s.width();
399 // `x_offset + width > max_offset` could be integer overflow on 32-bit machines if we
400 // change dimensions to usize or u32 and someone resizes the terminal to 1x2^32.
401 if width > max_x_offset.saturating_sub(x_offset) {
405 self.content[index].set_symbol(s);
406 self.content[index].set_style(style);
407 // Reset following cells if multi-width (they would be hidden by the grapheme),
408 for i in index + 1..index + width {
409 self.content[i].reset();
418 pub fn set_spans<'a>(&mut self, x: u16, y: u16, spans: &Spans<'a>, width: u16) -> (u16, u16) {
419 let mut remaining_width = width;
421 for span in &spans.0 {
422 if remaining_width == 0 {
425 let pos = self.set_stringn(
428 span.content.as_ref(),
429 remaining_width as usize,
432 let w = pos.0.saturating_sub(x);
434 remaining_width = remaining_width.saturating_sub(w);
439 pub fn set_span<'a>(&mut self, x: u16, y: u16, span: &Span<'a>, width: u16) -> (u16, u16) {
440 self.set_stringn(x, y, span.content.as_ref(), width as usize, span.style)
445 note = "You should use styling capabilities of `Buffer::set_style`"
447 pub fn set_background(&mut self, area: Rect, color: Color) {
448 for y in area.top()..area.bottom() {
449 for x in area.left()..area.right() {
450 self[(x, y)].set_bg(color);
455 pub fn set_style(&mut self, area: Rect, style: Style) {
456 for y in area.top()..area.bottom() {
457 for x in area.left()..area.right() {
458 self[(x, y)].set_style(style);
463 /// Resize the buffer so that the mapped area matches the given area and that the buffer
464 /// length is equal to area.width * area.height
465 pub fn resize(&mut self, area: Rect) {
466 let length = area.area() as usize;
467 if self.content.len() > length {
468 self.content.truncate(length);
470 self.content.resize(length, Default::default());
475 /// Reset all cells in the buffer
476 pub fn reset(&mut self) {
477 for c in &mut self.content {
482 /// Clear an area in the buffer
483 pub fn clear(&mut self, area: Rect) {
484 for x in area.left()..area.right() {
485 for y in area.top()..area.bottom() {
486 self[(x, y)].reset();
491 /// Clear an area in the buffer with a default style.
492 pub fn clear_with(&mut self, area: Rect, style: Style) {
493 for x in area.left()..area.right() {
494 for y in area.top()..area.bottom() {
495 let cell = &mut self[(x, y)];
497 cell.set_style(style);
502 /// Merge an other buffer into this one
503 pub fn merge(&mut self, other: &Buffer) {
504 let area = self.area.union(other.area);
505 let cell: Cell = Default::default();
506 self.content.resize(area.area() as usize, cell.clone());
508 // Move original content to the appropriate space
509 let size = self.area.area() as usize;
510 for i in (0..size).rev() {
511 let (x, y) = self.pos_of(i);
512 // New index in content
513 let k = ((y - area.y) * area.width + x - area.x) as usize;
515 self.content[k] = self.content[i].clone();
516 self.content[i] = cell.clone();
520 // Push content of the other buffer into this one (may erase previous
522 let size = other.area.area() as usize;
524 let (x, y) = other.pos_of(i);
525 // New index in content
526 let k = ((y - area.y) * area.width + x - area.x) as usize;
527 self.content[k] = other.content[i].clone();
532 /// Builds a minimal sequence of coordinates and Cells necessary to update the UI from
535 /// We're assuming that buffers are well-formed, that is no double-width cell is followed by
536 /// a non-blank cell.
538 /// # Multi-width characters handling:
544 /// Updates: `0: a, 1: a'
551 /// Updates: `0: コ` (double width symbol at index 0 - skip index 1)
558 /// Updates: `0: a, 1: コ` (double width symbol at index 1 - skip index 2)
560 pub fn diff<'a>(&self, other: &'a Buffer) -> Vec<(u16, u16, &'a Cell)> {
561 let previous_buffer = &self.content;
562 let next_buffer = &other.content;
563 let width = self.area.width;
565 let mut updates: Vec<(u16, u16, &Cell)> = vec![];
566 // Cells invalidated by drawing/replacing preceding multi-width characters:
567 let mut invalidated: usize = 0;
568 // Cells from the current buffer to skip due to preceding multi-width characters taking their
569 // place (the skipped cells should be blank anyway):
570 let mut to_skip: usize = 0;
571 for (i, (current, previous)) in next_buffer.iter().zip(previous_buffer.iter()).enumerate() {
572 if (current != previous || invalidated > 0) && to_skip == 0 {
573 let x = i as u16 % width;
574 let y = i as u16 / width;
575 updates.push((x, y, &next_buffer[i]));
578 let current_width = current.symbol.width();
579 to_skip = current_width.saturating_sub(1);
581 let affected_width = std::cmp::max(current_width, previous.symbol.width());
582 invalidated = std::cmp::max(affected_width, invalidated).saturating_sub(1);
588impl std::ops::Index<(u16, u16)> for Buffer {
591 fn index(&self, (x, y): (u16, u16)) -> &Self::Output {
592 let i = self.index_of(x, y);
597impl std::ops::IndexMut<(u16, u16)> for Buffer {
598 fn index_mut(&mut self, (x, y): (u16, u16)) -> &mut Self::Output {
599 let i = self.index_of(x, y);
608 fn cell(s: &str) -> Cell {
609 let mut cell = Cell::default();
615 fn it_translates_to_and_from_coordinates() {
616 let rect = Rect::new(200, 100, 50, 80);
617 let buf = Buffer::empty(rect);
619 // First cell is at the upper left corner.
620 assert_eq!(buf.pos_of(0), (200, 100));
621 assert_eq!(buf.index_of(200, 100), 0);
623 // Last cell is in the lower right.
624 assert_eq!(buf.pos_of(buf.content.len() - 1), (249, 179));
625 assert_eq!(buf.index_of(249, 179), buf.content.len() - 1);
629 #[should_panic(expected = "outside the buffer")]
630 #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
631 fn pos_of_panics_on_out_of_bounds() {
632 let rect = Rect::new(0, 0, 10, 10);
633 let buf = Buffer::empty(rect);
635 // There are a total of 100 cells; zero-indexed means that 100 would be the 101st cell.
640 #[should_panic(expected = "outside the buffer")]
641 #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
642 fn index_of_panics_on_out_of_bounds() {
643 let rect = Rect::new(0, 0, 10, 10);
644 let buf = Buffer::empty(rect);
646 // width is 10; zero-indexed means that 10 would be the 11th cell.
651 fn buffer_set_string() {
652 let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 1);
653 let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(area);
656 buffer.set_stringn(0, 0, "aaa", 0, Style::default());
657 assert_eq!(buffer, Buffer::with_lines(vec![" "]));
659 buffer.set_string(0, 0, "aaa", Style::default());
660 assert_eq!(buffer, Buffer::with_lines(vec!["aaa "]));
663 buffer.set_stringn(0, 0, "bbbbbbbbbbbbbb", 4, Style::default());
664 assert_eq!(buffer, Buffer::with_lines(vec!["bbbb "]));
666 buffer.set_string(0, 0, "12345", Style::default());
667 assert_eq!(buffer, Buffer::with_lines(vec!["12345"]));
670 buffer.set_string(0, 0, "123456", Style::default());
671 assert_eq!(buffer, Buffer::with_lines(vec!["12345"]));
675 fn buffer_set_string_zero_width() {
676 let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 1, 1);
677 let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(area);
679 // Leading grapheme with zero width
681 buffer.set_stringn(0, 0, s, 1, Style::default());
682 assert_eq!(buffer, Buffer::with_lines(vec!["a"]));
684 // Trailing grapheme with zero with
686 buffer.set_stringn(0, 0, s, 1, Style::default());
687 assert_eq!(buffer, Buffer::with_lines(vec!["a"]));
691 fn buffer_set_string_double_width() {
692 let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 1);
693 let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(area);
694 buffer.set_string(0, 0, "コン", Style::default());
695 assert_eq!(buffer, Buffer::with_lines(vec!["コン "]));
697 // Only 1 space left.
698 buffer.set_string(0, 0, "コンピ", Style::default());
699 assert_eq!(buffer, Buffer::with_lines(vec!["コン "]));
703 fn buffer_with_lines() {
705 Buffer::with_lines(vec!["┌────────┐", "│コンピュ│", "│ーa 上で│", "└────────┘"]);
706 assert_eq!(buffer.area.x, 0);
707 assert_eq!(buffer.area.y, 0);
708 assert_eq!(buffer.area.width, 10);
709 assert_eq!(buffer.area.height, 4);
713 fn buffer_diffing_empty_empty() {
714 let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 40);
715 let prev = Buffer::empty(area);
716 let next = Buffer::empty(area);
717 let diff = prev.diff(&next);
718 assert_eq!(diff, vec![]);
722 fn buffer_diffing_empty_filled() {
723 let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 40);
724 let prev = Buffer::empty(area);
725 let next = Buffer::filled(area, Cell::default().set_symbol("a"));
726 let diff = prev.diff(&next);
727 assert_eq!(diff.len(), 40 * 40);
731 fn buffer_diffing_filled_filled() {
732 let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 40);
733 let prev = Buffer::filled(area, Cell::default().set_symbol("a"));
734 let next = Buffer::filled(area, Cell::default().set_symbol("a"));
735 let diff = prev.diff(&next);
736 assert_eq!(diff, vec![]);
740 fn buffer_diffing_single_width() {
741 let prev = Buffer::with_lines(vec![
748 let next = Buffer::with_lines(vec![
755 let diff = prev.diff(&next);
769 fn buffer_diffing_multi_width() {
770 let prev = Buffer::with_lines(vec![
774 let next = Buffer::with_lines(vec![
778 let diff = prev.diff(&next);
792 fn buffer_diffing_multi_width_offset() {
793 let prev = Buffer::with_lines(vec!["┌称号──┐"]);
794 let next = Buffer::with_lines(vec!["┌─称号─┐"]);
796 let diff = prev.diff(&next);
799 vec![(1, 0, &cell("─")), (2, 0, &cell("称")), (4, 0, &cell("号")),]
805 let mut one = Buffer::filled(
812 Cell::default().set_symbol("1"),
814 let two = Buffer::filled(
821 Cell::default().set_symbol("2"),
824 assert_eq!(one, Buffer::with_lines(vec!["11", "11", "22", "22"]));
829 let mut one = Buffer::filled(
836 Cell::default().set_symbol("1"),
838 let two = Buffer::filled(
845 Cell::default().set_symbol("2"),
850 Buffer::with_lines(vec!["22 ", "22 ", " 11", " 11"])
856 let mut one = Buffer::filled(
863 Cell::default().set_symbol("1"),
865 let two = Buffer::filled(
872 Cell::default().set_symbol("2"),
875 let mut merged = Buffer::with_lines(vec!["222 ", "222 ", "2221", "2221"]);
882 assert_eq!(one, merged);
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