e10cf08 · helix · git.iko.soy

12 you might be used to in that it is modal, meaning that it has

13 different modes for editing text. The primary modes you will

14 use are Normal mode and Insert mode. While in Normal mode, the

15− keys you press won't actually type text. Instead, they will

15+ keys you type won't actually type text. Instead, they will

16 perform various actions with the text. This allows for more

17 efficient editing. This tutor will teach you how you can make

18 use of Helix's modal editing features. To begin, ensure your

21

22

23=================================================================

24−= BASIC CURSOR MOVEMENT =

24+= 1.1 BASIC CURSOR MOVEMENT =

25=================================================================

26

27 ↑

43

44

45=================================================================

46−= EXITING HELIX =

46+= 1.2 EXITING HELIX =

47=================================================================

48

49− 1. Press the : key to enter command mode. Your cursor will

49+ 1. Type : to enter command mode. Your cursor will

50 move to the bottom of the screen.

51− 2. Type q or quit and press <ENTER> to exit Helix.

51+ 2. Type q or quit and type <ENTER> to exit Helix.

52

53 Note: The quit command will fail if there are unsaved changes.

54− To force quit and DISCARD these changes, use q! or quit!.

54+ To force quit and DISCARD these changes, type q! or quit!.

55 You will learn how to save files later.

56

57− To exit command mode without entering a command, press <ESC>.

57+ To exit command mode without entering a command, type <ESC>.

58

59 Now, move on to the next lesson.

60

65

66

67=================================================================

68−= DELETION =

68+= 1.3 DELETION =

69=================================================================

70

71− Press the d key to delete the character under the cursor.

71+ Type the d key to delete the character under the cursor.

72

73 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

74− 2. Move the cursor to each extra character, and press d to

74+ 2. Move the cursor to each extra character, and type d to

75 delete it.

76

77 --> Thhiss senttencee haass exxtra charracterss.

87

88

89=================================================================

90−= INSERT MODE =

90+= 1.4 INSERT MODE =

91=================================================================

92

93− Press the i key to enter Insert mode.

93+ Type the i key to enter Insert mode.

94

95 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

96− 2. Move to a place in the line which is missing text and press

96+ 2. Move to a place in the line which is missing text and type

97− i to enter Insert mode. Keys you press will now type text.

97+ i to enter Insert mode. Keys you type will now type text.

98 3. Enter the missing text.

99− 4. Press <ESC> to exit Insert mode and return to Normal mode.

99+ 4. type <ESC> to exit Insert mode and return to Normal mode.

100 5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.

101

102 --> Th stce misg so.

106 you may use the arrow keys instead of exiting and

107 reentering Insert mode.

108 Note: The status bar will display your current mode.

109− Notice that when you press i, 'NOR' changes to 'INS'.

109+ Notice that when you type i, 'NOR' changes to 'INS'.

110

111=================================================================

112−= MORE ON INSERT MODE =

112+= 1.5 MORE ON INSERT MODE =

113=================================================================

114

115− As you saw, you can press i to enter Insert mode at the current

115+ As you saw, you can type i to enter Insert mode at the current

116 position of the cursor. There are a few other ways you can

117 enter Insert mode at different locations.

118

123 A - Insert at the end of the line.

124

125 1. Move to anywhere in the line below marked -->.

126− 2. Press A (<SHIFT> + a), your cursor will move to the end of

126+ 2. Type A (<SHIFT> + a), your cursor will move to the end of

127 the line and you will be able to type.

128 3. Type the text necessary to match the line below.

129

131 This sentence is missing some text.

132

133=================================================================

134−= SAVING A FILE =

134+= 1.6 SAVING A FILE =

135=================================================================

136

137− Use :w/:write to save a file.

137+ Type :w/:write to save a file.

138

139 1. Exit Helix using :q! as explained before, or open a new

140 terminal.

141 2. Open a file in Helix by running: hx FILENAME

142 3. Make some edits to the file.

143− 4. Press the : key to enter command mode.

143+ 4. Type : to enter command mode.

144− 5. Type w or write, and press <ENTER> to save the file.

144+ 5. Type w or write, and type <ENTER> to save the file.

145

146− You can also use wq or write-quit to save and exit.

146+ You can also type wq or write-quit to save and exit.

147

148 Note: You can optionally enter a filepath after the w/write

149 command in order to save to that path.

153

154

155=================================================================

156−= RECAP =

156+= CHAPTER 1 RECAP =

157=================================================================

158

159 * Use the h,j,k,l keys to move the cursor.

160

161− * Press : to enter command mode.

161+ * Type : to enter command mode.

162 * The q/quit and q!/quit! commands will exit Helix. The

163 former fails when there are unsaved changes. The latter

164 discards them.

165 * The w/write command will save the file.

166 * The wq/write-quit command will do both.

167

168− * Press d to delete the character at the cursor.

168+ * Type d to delete the character at the cursor.

169

170− * Press i to enter Insert mode and type text. Press <ESC> to

170+ * Type i to enter Insert mode and type text. Type <ESC> to

171 return to Normal mode.

172

173

175

176

177=================================================================

178−= MOTIONS AND SELECTIONS =

178+= 2.1 MOTIONS AND SELECTIONS =

179=================================================================

180

181− Press w to select forward until the next word.

181+ Type w to select forward until the next word.

182

183 The d key doesn't actually delete the character at the cursor,

184 it deletes all selected text. Your cursor is like a

186

187 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

188 2. Move to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.

189− 3. Press w to select until the beginning of the next word.

189+ 3. Type w to select until the beginning of the next word.

190− 4. Press d to delete the selection.

190+ 4. Type d to delete the selection.

191 5. Repeat for all extra words in the line.

192

193 --> This sentence pencil has vacuum extra words in the it.

197

198

199=================================================================

200−= MORE ON MOTIONS =

200+= 2.2 MORE ON MOTIONS =

201=================================================================

202

203− As you saw, pressing w moves the cursor forward until the start

203+ As you saw, typing w moves the cursor forward until the start

204 of the next word, selecting the text traversed. This is useful

205 for moving around text and for selecting text to operate on.

206

219

220

221=================================================================

222−= THE CHANGE COMMAND =

222+= 2.3 THE CHANGE COMMAND =

223=================================================================

224

225− Press c to change the current selection.

225+ Type c to change the current selection.

226

227 The change command deletes the current selection and enters

228 Insert mode, so it is a very common shorthand for di.

229

230 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

231− 2. Move to the start of an incorrect word and press w to

231+ 2. Move to the start of an incorrect word and type w to

232 select it.

233− 3. Press c to delete the word and enter Insert mode.

233+ 3. Type c to delete the word and enter Insert mode.

234 4. Type the correct word.

235 5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.

236

241

242

243=================================================================

244−= COUNTS WITH MOTIONS =

244+= 2.4 COUNTS WITH MOTIONS =

245=================================================================

246

247 Type a number before a motion to repeat it that many times.

263

264

265=================================================================

266−= SELECTING LINES =

266+= 2.5 SELECTING LINES =

267=================================================================

268

269− Press x to select a whole line. Press again to select the next.

269+ Type x to select a whole line. Type x again to select the next.

270

271 1. Move the cursor to the second line below marked -->.

272− 2. Press x to select the line, and d to delete it.

272+ 2. Type x to select the line, and d to delete it.

273 3. Move to the fourth line.

274− 4. Press x twice or type 2x to select 2 lines, and d to delete.

274+ 4. Type x twice or type 2x to select 2 lines, and d to delete.

275

276 --> 1) Roses are red,

277 --> 2) Mud is fun,

285

286

287=================================================================

288−= UNDOING =

288+= 2.6 UNDOING =

289=================================================================

290

291 Type u to undo. Type U to redo.

292

293 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

294− 2. Move to the first error, and press d to delete it.

294+ 2. Move to the first error, and type d to delete it.

295 3. Type u to undo your deletion.

296 4. Fix all the errors on the line.

297 5. Type u several times to undo your fixes.

307

308

309=================================================================

310−= RECAP =

310+= CHAPTER 2 RECAP =

311=================================================================

312

313 * Type w to select forward until the next word.

329

330

331=================================================================

332−= MULTIPLE CURSORS =

332+= 3.1 MULTIPLE CURSORS =

333=================================================================

334

335 Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next line.

336

337 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked -->.

338 2. Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next line. Keys you

339− press will now affect both cursors.

339+ type will now affect both cursors.

340 3. Use Insert mode to correct the lines. The two cursors will

341 fix both lines simultaneously.

342 4. Type , to remove the second cursor.

346

347 Fix these two lines at the same time.

348

349−

349+ Note: Type alt-C to do the same above the cursor.

350

351

352

353=================================================================

354−= THE SELECT COMMAND =

354+= 3.2 THE SELECT COMMAND =

355=================================================================

356

357 Type s to select matches in the selection.

358

359 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

360− 2. Press x to select the line.

360+ 2. Type x to select the line.

361− 3. Press s. A prompt will appear.

361+ 3. Type s. A prompt will appear.

362− 4. Type 'apples' and press <ENTER>. Both occurrences of

362+ 4. Type 'apples' and type <ENTER>. Both occurrences of

363 'apples' in the line will be selected.

364− 5. You can now press c and change 'apples' to something else,

364+ 5. You can now type c and change 'apples' to something else,

365 like 'oranges'.

366 6. Type , to remove the second cursor.

367

373

374

375=================================================================

376−= SELECTING VIA REGEX =

376+= 3.3 SELECTING VIA REGEX =

377=================================================================

378

379 The select command selects regular expressions, not just exact

380 matches, allowing you to target more complex patterns.

381

382 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

383− 2. Select the line with x and then press s.

383+ 2. Select the line with x and then type s.

384 3. Enter ' +' to select any amount of consecutive spaces >1.

385− 4. Press c and change the matches to single spaces.

385+ 4. Type c and change the matches to single spaces.

386

387 --> This sentence has some extra spaces.

388

395

396

397=================================================================

398−= COLLAPSING SELECTIONS =

398+= 3.4 COLLAPSING SELECTIONS =

399=================================================================

400

401 Type ; to collapse selections to single cursors.

404 cursor(s). This can be done using the ; key.

405

406 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

407−

408 2. Use the motions you have learned to move around the line,

407 2. Use the motions you have learned to move around the line,

409 and try using ; to deselect the text after it is selected

408 and try using ; to deselect the text after it is selected

410 by the motions.

409 by the motions.

416

415

417

416

418

417

418+

419+=================================================================

420+= 3.5 SELECTING TO A CHARACTER =

421+=================================================================

422+

423+ Type f<ch> to select up to and including (find) a character.

424+ Type t<ch> to do the same, but not including (till) a character.

425+ Type uppercase F/T to do the same backwards.

426+

427+ 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->. Place the

428+ cursor on the first dash.

429+ 2. Type f[ to select to the square bracket.

430+ 3. Type d to delete your selection.

431+ 4. Go to the end of the line and repeat with F].

432+ 5. Move to the second line marked -->, just after the arrow.

433+ 6. Use t and T to delete the dashes around the sentence.

434+

435+ --> -----[Free this sentence of its brackets!]-----

436+ --> ------Free this sentence of its dashes!------

437+

438+ Note: Unlike Vim, Helix doesn't limit these commands to the

439+ current line. It searches for the character in the file.

440+

441+=================================================================

442+= CHAPTER 3 RECAP =

443+=================================================================

444+

445+ * Type C to copy the selection on the line below and Alt-C for

446+ above.

447+

448+ * Type s to select all instances of a regex pattern inside

449+ the current selection.

450+

451+ * Type semicolon ( ; ) to collapse selection.

452+

453+ * Type f / F to extend selection up to & including a character.

454+

455+ * Type t / T to extend selection until a character.

456+

457+

458+

459+

460+

461+

462+

463+=================================================================

464+= 4.1 COPYING AND PASTING TEXT =

465+=================================================================

466+

467+ Type y to yank (copy) the selection.

468+ Type p to paste the yanked selection after the cursor.

469+ Type P to paste the yanked text before the cursor.

470+

471+ 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

472+ Make sure your cursor is on the "b" of banana.

473+ 2. Type w to select "banana" and y to yank it.

474+ 3. Move to the space between "2" and "3" and type p to paste.

475+ 4. Repeat between "3" and "4".

476+

477+ --> 1 banana 2 3 4

478+ 1 banana 2 banana 3 banana 4

479+

480+ Note: Whenever you delete or change text, Helix will copy the

481+ altered text. Use alt-d/c instead to avoid this.

482+ Note: Helix doesn't share the system clipboard by default. Type

483+ space-y/p to yank/paste on your computer's main clipboard.

484+

485+=================================================================

486+= 4.2 CHANGING CASE =

487+=================================================================

488+

489+ Type ~ to switch the case of all selected letters.

490+ Type ` to set all selected letters to lowercase.

491+ Type Alt-` to set all selected letters to uppercase.

492+

493+ 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked -->.

494+ 2. Select each wrongly capitalised or lowercase letter

495+ and type ~ over them.

496+ 3. Move to the second line marked -->.

497+ 4. Type x to select the line.

498+ 5. Type ` to change the line to lowercase.

499+ 6. Move to the third line marked -->.

500+ 7. Type x to select the line.

501+ 8. Type Alt-` to change the line to uppercase.

502+

503+ --> thIs sENtencE hAs MIS-cApitalIsed leTTerS.

504+ --> this SENTENCE SHOULD all be in LOWERCASE.

505+ --> THIS sentence should ALL BE IN uppercase!

506+

507+=================================================================

508+= 4.3 MACROS =

509+=================================================================

510+

511+ Macros are a way to record a set of actions you want to repeat.

512+

513+ Type Q to start recording a macro, you should see a popup at

514+ the bottom of your screen. Type Q again to stop recording.

515+ Type q to repeat your recorded macro.

516+

517+ 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked -->.

518+ Ensure your cursor is on the > of the arrow.

519+ 2. Type Q to start recording.

520+ 3. Edit the line to look like the bottom one.

521+ 4. Exit insert and Type Q again to stop recording.

522+ 5. Move to the line below and put your cursor on the > again.

523+ 6. Type q to repeat the macro.

524+

525+ --> ... sentence doesn't have it's first and last ... .

526+ --> ... sentence doesn't have it's first and last ... .

527+ This sentence doesn't have it's first and last word.

528+

529+=================================================================

530+= CHAPTER 4 RECAP =

531+=================================================================

532+

533+ * Type y to yank (copy) text and p to paste.

534+ * Type space-Y and space-P to yank/paste on the system

535+ clipboard.

536+

537+ * Type ~ to alternate case of selected letters.

538+ * Use ` and alt-` to set the case of selected layers to

539+ upper and lower respectively.

540+

541+ * Type Q to record and stop recording a macro.

542+ * Type q to repeat the recorded macro.

543+

544+

545+

546+

547+

548+

549+

550+

551+=================================================================

552+= 5.1 USING THE JUMPLIST =

553+=================================================================

554+

555+ Helix can keep track of "jumps" which are big movements, like

556+ jumping to the definition of a function in code. It stores

557+ these in what's called the jumplist.

558+

559+ Type C-s (ctrl-s) to manually save your current position to

560+ the jumplist.

561+

562+ Type C-i and C-o to move forward and backwards in the jumplist

563+ respectively.

564+

565+ 1. Type C-s somewhere.

566+ 2. Move far away in the file.

567+ 3. Type C-o (just once!) to come back to where you saved.

568+

569+

570+

571+

572+

573+=================================================================

574+= 5.2 SEARCHING IN FILE =

575+=================================================================

576+

577+ Type / to search forward in file, enter to confirm search.

578+ Type n to go to the next search match.

579+ Type N to go to the previous search match.

580+

581+ 1. Type / and type in a common word, like 'banana'.

582+ 2. Type enter to confirm the search.

583+ 3. Use n and N to cycle through the matches.

584+

585+ Like the select command, searching also uses regex.

586+

587+ Note: To search backwards, type ? (shift-/).

588+

589+ Note: Unlike Vim, N doesn't change the search direction.

590+ N always goes backwards and n always goes forwards.

591+

592+

593+

594+

595+=================================================================

596+= CHAPTER 5 RECAP =

597+=================================================================

598+

599+ * Type C-s to save position to the jumplist.

600+ * Type C-i and C-o to go forward and backward in the jumplist.

601+

602+ * Type / to search forward in file, and ? to search backwards.

603+ * Use n and N to cycle through search matches.

604+

605+

606+

607+

608+

609+

610+

611+

612+

613+

614+

615+

616+

617+=================================================================

618+= 6.1 JOINING LINES =

619+=================================================================

620+

621+ Type J to join together lines in selection.

622+

623+ 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

624+ 2. Type J thrice or 3J to join the sentence to one line.

625+

626+ --> This line sentence

627+is spilling over

628+onto other

629+lines.

630+

631+ Note: J works on all lines in selection, so typing xxx or 3x to

632+ select the lines and then a single J will work the same.

633+

634+

635+

636+

637+

638+

639+=================================================================

640+= 6.2 INDENTING LINES =

641+=================================================================

642+

643+ Type > to indent a line and < to outdent it.

644+

645+ 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

646+ 2. Move down to the second line and type > to indent it.

647+ 3. Move to the third line and type < to unindent it.

648+

649+ --> These lines

650+ are indented

651+ very poorly.

652+

653+ These lines

654+ are indented

655+ much better.

656+

657+

658+

659+

660+

661+=================================================================

662+= 6.3 OPENING LINES =

663+=================================================================

664+

665+ Type o to add a newline and insert below the cursor.

666+ Type O to add a newline and insert above the cursor.

667+

668+ 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

669+ 2. Type o to open a line below and type your answer.

670+

671+ --> What is the best editor?

672+

673+

674+

675+

676+

677+

678+

679+

680+

681+

682+

683+=================================================================

684+= CHAPTER 6 RECAP =

685+=================================================================

686+

687+ * Type J to join lines within selection.

688+

689+ * Type > and < to indent and outdent selected lines.

690+

691+ * Use o and O to open lines.

692+

693+

694+

695+

696+

697+

698+

699+

700+

701+

702+

703+

704+

419=================================================================

705=================================================================

420 This tutorial is still a work-in-progress.

706 This tutorial is still a work-in-progress.

421 More sections are planned.

707 More sections are planned.

708+

709+

710+