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Merge pull request #277534 from mcdonc/doc-trivial-builders-writetext
* doc: improve documentation for trivial text writing functions Co-authored-by: Brian Merchant <bzm3r@proton.me> Co-authored-by: Robert Hensing <robert@roberthensing.nl> Co-authored-by: Alexander Groleau <alex@proof.construction> Co-authored-by: Valentin Gagarin <valentin.gagarin@tweag.io>
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Valentin Gagarin
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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
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# Trivial build helpers {#chap-trivial-builders}
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Nixpkgs provides a couple of functions that help with building derivations. The most important one, `stdenv.mkDerivation`, has already been documented above. The following functions wrap `stdenv.mkDerivation`, making it easier to use in certain cases.
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Nixpkgs provides a variety of wrapper functions that help build commonly useful derivations.
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Like [`stdenv.mkDerivation`](#sec-using-stdenv), each of these build helpers creates a derivation, but the arguments passed are different (usually simpler) from those required by `stdenv.mkDerivation`.
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## `runCommand` {#trivial-builder-runCommand}
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@ -58,63 +59,416 @@ Variant of `runCommand` that forces the derivation to be built locally, it is no
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This sets [`allowSubstitutes` to `false`](https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#adv-attr-allowSubstitutes), so only use `runCommandLocal` if you are certain the user will always have a builder for the `system` of the derivation. This should be true for most trivial use cases (e.g., just copying some files to a different location or adding symlinks) because there the `system` is usually the same as `builtins.currentSystem`.
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:::
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## `writeTextFile`, `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, `writeScriptBin` {#trivial-builder-writeText}
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## Writing text files {#trivial-builder-text-writing}
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These functions write `text` to the Nix store. This is useful for creating scripts from Nix expressions. `writeTextFile` takes an attribute set and expects two arguments, `name` and `text`. `name` corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path. `text` will be the contents of the file. You can also set `executable` to true to make this file have the executable bit set.
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Nixpkgs provides the following functions for producing derivations which write text files or executable scripts into the Nix store.
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They are useful for creating files from Nix expression, and are all implemented as convenience wrappers around `writeTextFile`.
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Many more commands wrap `writeTextFile` including `writeText`, `writeTextDir`, `writeScript`, and `writeScriptBin`. These are convenience functions over `writeTextFile`.
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Each of these functions will cause a derivation to be produced.
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When you coerce the result of each of these functions to a string with [string interpolation](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/string-interpolation) or [`builtins.toString`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/builtins#builtins-toString), it will evaluate to the [store path](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/store/store-path) of this derivation.
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:::: {.note}
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Some of these functions will put the resulting files within a directory inside the [derivation output](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/derivations#attr-outputs).
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If you need to refer to the resulting files somewhere else in a Nix expression, append their path to the derivation's store path.
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For example, if the file destination is a directory:
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```nix
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my-file = writeTextFile {
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name = "my-file";
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text = ''
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Contents of File
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'';
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destination = "/share/my-file";
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}
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```
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Remember to append "/share/my-file" to the resulting store path when using it elsewhere:
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```nix
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writeShellScript "evaluate-my-file.sh" ''
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cat ${my-file}/share/my-file
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'';
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```
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::::
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### `writeTextFile` {#trivial-builder-writeTextFile}
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Write a text file to the Nix store.
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`writeTextFile` takes an attribute set with the following possible attributes:
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`name` (String)
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: Corresponds to the name used in the Nix store path identifier.
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`text` (String)
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: The contents of the file.
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`executable` (Bool, _optional_)
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: Make this file have the executable bit set.
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Default: `false`
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`destination` (String, _optional_)
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: A subpath under the derivation's output path into which to put the file.
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Subdirectories are created automatically when the derivation is realised.
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By default, the store path itself will be a file containing the text contents.
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Default: `""`
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`checkPhase` (String, _optional_)
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: Commands to run after generating the file.
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Default: `""`
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`meta` (Attribute set, _optional_)
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: Additional metadata for the derivation.
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Default: `{}`
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`allowSubstitutes` (Bool, _optional_)
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: Whether to allow substituting from a binary cache.
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Passed through to [`allowSubsitutes`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes#adv-attr-allowSubstitutes) of the underlying call to `builtins.derivation`.
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It defaults to `false`, as running the derivation's simple `builder` executable locally is assumed to be faster than network operations.
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Set it to true if the `checkPhase` step is expensive.
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Default: `false`
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`preferLocalBuild` (Bool, _optional_)
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: Whether to prefer building locally, even if faster [remote build machines](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file#conf-substituters) are available.
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Passed through to [`preferLocalBuild`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes#adv-attr-preferLocalBuild) of the underlying call to `builtins.derivation`.
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It defaults to `true` for the same reason `allowSubstitutes` defaults to `false`.
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Default: `true`
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The resulting store path will include some variation of the name, and it will be a file unless `destination` is used, in which case it will be a directory.
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::: {.example #ex-writeTextFile}
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# Usage 1 of `writeTextFile`
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Write `my-file` to `/nix/store/<store path>/some/subpath/my-cool-script`, making it executable.
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Also run a check on the resulting file in a `checkPhase`, and supply values for the less-used options.
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```nix
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writeTextFile {
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name = "my-cool-script";
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text = ''
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#!/bin/sh
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echo "This is my cool script!"
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'';
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executable = true;
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destination = "/some/subpath/my-cool-script";
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checkPhase = ''
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${pkgs.shellcheck}/bin/shellcheck $out/some/subpath/my-cool-script
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'';
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meta = {
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license = pkgs.lib.licenses.cc0;
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};
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allowSubstitutes = true;
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preferLocalBuild = false;
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};
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```
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:::
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::: {.example #ex2-writeTextFile}
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# Usage 2 of `writeTextFile`
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Write the string `Contents of File` to `/nix/store/<store path>`.
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See also the [](#trivial-builder-writeText) helper function.
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Here are a few examples:
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```nix
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# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>
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writeTextFile {
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name = "my-file";
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text = ''
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Contents of File
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'';
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}
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# See also the `writeText` helper function below.
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```
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:::
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# Writes executable my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file
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::: {.example #ex3-writeTextFile}
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# Usage 3 of `writeTextFile`
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Write an executable script `my-script` to `/nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-script`.
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See also the [](#trivial-builder-writeScriptBin) helper function.
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```nix
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writeTextFile {
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name = "my-script";
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text = ''
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echo "hi"
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'';
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executable = true;
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destination = "/bin/my-script";
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}
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```
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:::
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### `writeText` {#trivial-builder-writeText}
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Write a text file to the Nix store
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`writeText` takes the following arguments:
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a string.
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`name` (String)
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: The name used in the Nix store path.
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`text` (String)
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: The contents of the file.
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The store path will include the name, and it will be a file.
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::: {.example #ex-writeText}
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# Usage of `writeText`
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Write the string `Contents of File` to `/nix/store/<store path>`:
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```nix
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writeText "my-file"
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''
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Contents of File
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'';
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```
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:::
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This is equivalent to:
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```nix
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writeTextFile {
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name = "my-file";
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text = ''
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Contents of File
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'';
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}
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```
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### `writeTextDir` {#trivial-builder-writeTextDir}
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Write a text file within a subdirectory of the Nix store.
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`writeTextDir` takes the following arguments:
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`path` (String)
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: The destination within the Nix store path under which to create the file.
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`text` (String)
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: The contents of the file.
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The store path will be a directory.
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::: {.example #ex-writeTextDir}
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# Usage of `writeTextDir`
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Write the string `Contents of File` to `/nix/store/<store path>/share/my-file`:
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```nix
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writeTextDir "share/my-file"
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''
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Contents of File
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'';
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```
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:::
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This is equivalent to:
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```nix
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writeTextFile {
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name = "my-file";
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text = ''
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Contents of File
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'';
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destination = "share/my-file";
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}
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```
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### `writeScript` {#trivial-builder-writeScript}
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Write an executable script file to the Nix store.
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`writeScript` takes the following arguments:
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`name` (String)
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: The name used in the Nix store path.
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`text` (String)
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: The contents of the file.
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The created file is marked as executable.
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The store path will include the name, and it will be a file.
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::: {.example #ex-writeScript}
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# Usage of `writeScript`
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Write the string `Contents of File` to `/nix/store/<store path>` and make the file executable.
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```nix
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writeScript "my-file"
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''
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Contents of File
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'';
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```
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:::
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This is equivalent to:
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```nix
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writeTextFile {
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name = "my-file";
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text = ''
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Contents of File
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'';
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executable = true;
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destination = "/bin/my-file";
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}
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# Writes contents of file to /nix/store/<store path>
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writeText "my-file"
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''
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Contents of File
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'';
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# Writes contents of file to /nix/store/<store path>/share/my-file
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writeTextDir "share/my-file"
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''
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Contents of File
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'';
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# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path> and makes executable
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writeScript "my-file"
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''
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Contents of File
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'';
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# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file and makes executable.
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writeScriptBin "my-file"
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''
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Contents of File
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'';
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# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path> and makes executable.
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writeShellScript "my-file"
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''
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Contents of File
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'';
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# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file and makes executable.
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writeShellScriptBin "my-file"
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''
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Contents of File
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'';
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```
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### `writeScriptBin` {#trivial-builder-writeScriptBin}
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Write a script within a `bin` subirectory of a directory in the Nix store.
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This is for consistency with the convention of software packages placing executables under `bin`.
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`writeScriptBin` takes the following arguments:
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`name` (String)
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: The name used in the Nix store path and within the file created under the store path.
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`text` (String)
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: The contents of the file.
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The created file is marked as executable.
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The file's contents will be put into `/nix/store/<store path>/bin/<name>`.
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The store path will include the the name, and it will be a directory.
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::: {.example #ex-writeScriptBin}
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# Usage of `writeScriptBin`
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```nix
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writeScriptBin "my-script"
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''
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echo "hi"
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'';
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```
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:::
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This is equivalent to:
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```nix
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writeTextFile {
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name = "my-script";
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text = ''
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echo "hi"
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'';
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executable = true;
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destination = "bin/my-script"
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}
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```
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### `writeShellScript` {#trivial-builder-writeShellScript}
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Write a Bash script to the store.
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|
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`writeShellScript` takes the following arguments:
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|
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`name` (String)
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|
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: The name used in the Nix store path.
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|
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`text` (String)
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|
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: The contents of the file.
|
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|
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The created file is marked as executable.
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The store path will include the name, and it will be a file.
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|
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This function is almost exactly like [](#trivial-builder-writeScript), except that it prepends to the file a [shebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_%28Unix%29) line that points to the version of Bash used in Nixpkgs.
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<!-- this cannot be changed in practice, so there is no point pretending it's somehow generic -->
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::: {.example #ex-writeShellScript}
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# Usage of `writeShellScript`
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```nix
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writeShellScript "my-script"
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''
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echo "hi"
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'';
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```
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:::
|
||||
|
||||
This is equivalent to:
|
||||
|
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```nix
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writeTextFile {
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name = "my-script";
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text = ''
|
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#! ${pkgs.runtimeShell}
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echo "hi"
|
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'';
|
||||
executable = true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
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### `writeShellScriptBin` {#trivial-builder-writeShellScriptBin}
|
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|
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Write a Bash script to a "bin" subdirectory of a directory in the Nix store.
|
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|
||||
`writeShellScriptBin` takes the following arguments:
|
||||
|
||||
`name` (String)
|
||||
|
||||
: The name used in the Nix store path and within the file generated under the store path.
|
||||
|
||||
`text` (String)
|
||||
|
||||
: The contents of the file.
|
||||
|
||||
The file's contents will be put into `/nix/store/<store path>/bin/<name>`.
|
||||
The store path will include the the name, and it will be a directory.
|
||||
|
||||
This function is a combination of [](#trivial-builder-writeShellScript) and [](#trivial-builder-writeScriptBin).
|
||||
|
||||
::: {.example #ex-writeShellScriptBin}
|
||||
# Usage of `writeShellScriptBin`
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
writeShellScriptBin "my-script"
|
||||
''
|
||||
echo "hi"
|
||||
'';
|
||||
```
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
This is equivalent to:
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
writeTextFile {
|
||||
name = "my-script";
|
||||
text = ''
|
||||
#! ${pkgs.runtimeShell}
|
||||
echo "hi"
|
||||
'';
|
||||
executable = true;
|
||||
destination = "bin/my-script"
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## `concatTextFile`, `concatText`, `concatScript` {#trivial-builder-concatText}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -182,101 +182,32 @@ rec {
|
||||
eval "$checkPhase"
|
||||
'';
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Writes a text file to nix store with no optional parameters available.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Writes contents of file to /nix/store/<store path>
|
||||
writeText "my-file"
|
||||
''
|
||||
Contents of File
|
||||
'';
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*/
|
||||
# See doc/build-helpers/trivial-build-helpers.chapter.md
|
||||
# or https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#trivial-builder-text-writing
|
||||
writeText = name: text: writeTextFile { inherit name text; };
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Writes a text file to nix store in a specific directory with no
|
||||
optional parameters available.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Writes contents of file to /nix/store/<store path>/share/my-file
|
||||
writeTextDir "share/my-file"
|
||||
''
|
||||
Contents of File
|
||||
'';
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*/
|
||||
# See doc/build-helpers/trivial-build-helpers.chapter.md
|
||||
# or https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#trivial-builder-text-writing
|
||||
writeTextDir = path: text: writeTextFile {
|
||||
inherit text;
|
||||
name = builtins.baseNameOf path;
|
||||
destination = "/${path}";
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Writes a text file to /nix/store/<store path> and marks the file as
|
||||
executable.
|
||||
|
||||
If passed as a build input, will be used as a setup hook. This makes setup
|
||||
hooks more efficient to create: you don't need a derivation that copies
|
||||
them to $out/nix-support/setup-hook, instead you can use the file as is.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path> and makes executable
|
||||
writeScript "my-file"
|
||||
''
|
||||
Contents of File
|
||||
'';
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*/
|
||||
# See doc/build-helpers/trivial-build-helpers.chapter.md
|
||||
# or https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#trivial-builder-text-writing
|
||||
writeScript = name: text: writeTextFile { inherit name text; executable = true; };
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Writes a text file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/<name> and
|
||||
marks the file as executable.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file and makes executable.
|
||||
writeScriptBin "my-file"
|
||||
''
|
||||
Contents of File
|
||||
'';
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*/
|
||||
# See doc/build-helpers/trivial-build-helpers.chapter.md
|
||||
# or https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#trivial-builder-text-writing
|
||||
writeScriptBin = name: text: writeTextFile {
|
||||
inherit name text;
|
||||
executable = true;
|
||||
destination = "/bin/${name}";
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Similar to writeScript. Writes a Shell script and checks its syntax.
|
||||
Automatically includes interpreter above the contents passed.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path> and makes executable.
|
||||
writeShellScript "my-file"
|
||||
''
|
||||
Contents of File
|
||||
'';
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*/
|
||||
# See doc/build-helpers/trivial-build-helpers.chapter.md
|
||||
# or https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#trivial-builder-text-writing
|
||||
writeShellScript = name: text:
|
||||
writeTextFile {
|
||||
inherit name;
|
||||
@ -290,22 +221,8 @@ rec {
|
||||
'';
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
Similar to writeShellScript and writeScriptBin.
|
||||
Writes an executable Shell script to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/<name> and checks its syntax.
|
||||
Automatically includes interpreter above the contents passed.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Writes my-file to /nix/store/<store path>/bin/my-file and makes executable.
|
||||
writeShellScriptBin "my-file"
|
||||
''
|
||||
Contents of File
|
||||
'';
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*/
|
||||
# See doc/build-helpers/trivial-build-helpers.chapter.md
|
||||
# or https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#trivial-builder-text-writing
|
||||
writeShellScriptBin = name: text:
|
||||
writeTextFile {
|
||||
inherit name;
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user