doc: Add rust documentation (#23510)

doc/default.nix

@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
       inputFile = ../pkgs/development/r-modules/README.md;
       outputFile = "languages-frameworks/r.xml";
     }
+  + toDocbook {
+      inputFile = ./languages-frameworks/rust.md;
+      outputFile = "./languages-frameworks/rust.xml";
+    }
   + toDocbook {
       inputFile = ./languages-frameworks/vim.md;
       outputFile = "./languages-frameworks/vim.xml";

doc/languages-frameworks/index.xml

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ such as Perl or Haskell.  These are described in this chapter.</para>
 <xi:include href="qt.xml" />
 <xi:include href="r.xml" /> <!-- generated from ../../pkgs/development/r-modules/README.md  -->
 <xi:include href="ruby.xml" />
+<xi:include href="rust.xml" />
 <xi:include href="texlive.xml" />
 <xi:include href="vim.xml" />
 

doc/languages-frameworks/rust.md

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+---
+title: Rust
+author: Matthias Beyer
+date: 2017-03-05
+---
+
+# User's Guide to the Rust Infrastructure
+
+To install the rust compiler and cargo put
+
+```
+rustStable.rustc
+rustStable.cargo
+```
+
+into the `environment.systemPackages` or bring them into scope with
+`nix-shell -p rustStable.rustc -p rustStable.cargo`.
+
+There are also `rustBeta` and `rustNightly` package sets available.
+These are not updated very regulary. For daily builds see
+[Using the Rust nightlies overlay](#using-the-rust-nightlies-overlay)
+
+## Packaging Rust applications
+
+Rust applications are packaged by using the `buildRustPackage` helper from `rustPlatform`:
+
+```
+with rustPlatform;
+
+buildRustPackage rec {
+  name = "ripgrep-${version}";
+  version = "0.4.0";
+
+  src = fetchFromGitHub {
+    owner = "BurntSushi";
+    repo = "ripgrep";
+    rev = "${version}";
+    sha256 = "0y5d1n6hkw85jb3rblcxqas2fp82h3nghssa4xqrhqnz25l799pj";
+  };
+
+  depsSha256 = "0q68qyl2h6i0qsz82z840myxlnjay8p1w5z7hfyr8fqp7wgwa9cx";
+
+  meta = with stdenv.lib; {
+    description = "A utility that combines the usability of The Silver Searcher with the raw speed of grep";
+    homepage = https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep;
+    license = with licenses; [ unlicense ];
+    maintainers = [ maintainers.tailhook ];
+    platforms = platforms.all;
+  };
+}
+```
+
+`buildRustPackage` requires a `depsSha256` attribute which is computed over
+all crate sources of this package. Currently it is obtained by inserting a
+fake checksum into the expression and building the package once. The correct
+checksum can be then take from the failed build.
+
+To install crates with nix there is also an experimental project called
+[nixcrates](https://github.com/fractalide/nixcrates).
+
+## Using the Rust nightlies overlay
+
+Mozilla provides an overlay for nixpkgs to bring a nightly version of Rust into scope.
+This overlay can _also_ be used to install recent unstable or stable versions
+of Rust, if desired.
+
+To use this overlay, clone
+[nixpkgs-mozilla](https://github.com/mozilla/nixpkgs-mozilla),
+and create a symbolic link to the file
+[rust-overlay.nix](https://github.com/mozilla/nixpkgs-mozilla/blob/master/rust-overlay.nix)
+in the `~/.config/nixpkgs/overlays` directory.
+
+    $ git clone https://github.com/mozilla/nixpkgs-mozilla.git
+    $ mkdir -p  ~/.config/nixpkgs/overlays
+    $ ln -s $(pwd)/nixpkgs-mozilla/rust-overlay.nix ~/.config/nixpkgs/overlays/rust-overlay.nix
+
+The latest version can be installed with the following command:
+
+    $ nix-env -Ai nixos.rustChannels.stable.rust
+
+Or using the attribute with nix-shell:
+
+    $ nix-shell -p nixos.rustChannels.stable.rust
+
+To install the beta or nightly channel, "stable" should be substituted by
+"nightly" or "beta", or
+use the function provided by this overlay to pull a version based on a
+build date.
+
+The overlay automatically updates itself as it uses the same source as
+[rustup](https://www.rustup.rs/).