urbit/pub/docs/dev/hoon/library/2em.md

section 2eM, regular-expressions
================================

### `++pars`

    ++  pars
      |=  [a=tape]                                          ::  parse tape to rege
      ^-  (unit rege)
      =+  foo=((full apex:rags) [[1 1] a])
      ?~  q.foo
        ~
      [~ p.u.q.foo]
    ::

Parse regular expression

    ~zod/try=> (pars "samo")
    [ ~
      [ %pair
        p=[%lite p=~~s]
        q=[%pair p=[%lite p=~~a] q=[%pair p=[%lite p=~~m] q=[%lite p=~~o]]]
      ]
    ]
    ~zod/try=> (pars "so[,.0-9]")
    [ ~
      [ %pair
        p=[%lite p=~~s]
        q=[%pair p=[%lite p=~~o] q=[%brac p=288.036.862.105.223.168]]
      ]
    ]
    ~zod/try=> `@ub`288.036.862.105.223.168
    0b11.1111.1111.0101.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000
    ~zod/try=> `@ub`(lsh 0 `@`'9' 1)
    0b10.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000
    ~zod/try=> `@ub`(roll (turn ",.0123456789" |=(a=@ (lsh 0 a 1))) con)
    0b11.1111.1111.0101.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000
    ~zod/try=> (pars "sop.*")
    [ ~
      [ %pair
        p=[%lite p=~~s] 
        q=[%pair p=[%lite p=~~o] q=[%pair p=[%lite p=~~p] q=[%mant p=%dote]]]
      ]
    ]
    ~zod/try=> (pars "(hel)?")
    [ ~
      [ %eith
          p
        [ %capt
          p=[%pair p=[%lite p=~~h] q=[%pair p=[%lite p=~~e] q=[%lite p=~~l]]]
          q=0
        ]
        q=%empt
      ]
    ]
    ~zod/try=> (pars "(hel)??")
    [ ~ 
      [ %eith
        p=%empt
          q
        [ %capt
          p=[%pair p=[%lite p=~~h] q=[%pair p=[%lite p=~~e] q=[%lite p=~~l]]]
          q=0
        ]
      ]
    ]
    ~zod/try=> (pars "a\{1,20}")
    [~ [%betw p=[%lite p=~~a] q=1 r=20]]

### `++rags`

    ++  rags                                                ::  rege parsers
      =>  |%

Regex parser arms

### `++nor`

          ++  nor  ;~(less (mask "^$()|*?+.[\\") (shim 1 127)) :: non-control char

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### `++les`

          ++  les  ;~(less bas asp)                         ::  not backslash

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### `++lep`

          ++  lep  ;~(less (mask "^[]\\") asp)              ::  charset non-control

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### `++asp`

          ++  asp  (shim 32 126)                            ::  printable ascii

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### `++alb`

          ++  alb  ;~(less ser asp)                         ::  charset literal char

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### `++mis`

          ++  mis  ;~(less aln asp)                         ::  non alphanumeric
          --
      |%

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### `++apex`

      ++  apex                                              ::  top level
        %+  knee  *rege  |.  ~+
        ;~  pose
          ;~((bend |=(a=[rege rege] (some [%eith a]))) mall ;~(pfix bar apex))
          (stag %eith ;~(plug (easy %empt) ;~(pfix bar apex)))
          (easy %empt)
        ==
      ::

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### `++mall`

      ++  mall
        %+  knee  *rege  |.  ~+
        ;~((bend |=(a=[rege rege] (some [%pair a]))) bets mall)
      ::

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### `++bets`

      ++  bets
        %+  knee  *rege  |.  ~+
        |=  tub=nail
        =+  vex=(chun tub)
        ?~  q.vex
          vex
        =+  a=p.u.q.vex
        %-  ;~  pose
              (cold [%eith %empt a] (jest '??'))
              (cold [%manl a] (jest '*?'))
              (cold [%plll a] (jest '+?'))
              (cold [%eith a %empt] wut)
              (cold [%mant a] tar)
              (cold [%plls a] lus)
              (stag %betl ;~(plug (easy a) ;~(sfix rang wut)))
              (stag %betw ;~(plug (easy a) rang))
              (stag %binl ;~(plug (easy a) (ifix [kel (jest ',}?')] dim:ag)))
              (stag %bant ;~(plug (easy a) (ifix [kel (jest '}?')] dim:ag)))
              (stag %bant ;~(plug (easy a) (ifix [kel ker] dim:ag)))
              (stag %bint ;~(plug (easy a) (ifix [kel (jest ',}')] dim:ag)))
              (easy a)
            ==
        q.u.q.vex
      ::

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### `++ranc`

      ++  ranc
        |=  [a=@ b=@]
        ^-  @
        ?:((gth a b) 0 (con (bex a) $(a +(a))))
      ::

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### `++flap`

      ++  flap  |=(a=@ (mix a (dec (bex 256))))
      ::

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### `++rang`

      ++  rang
        %+  sear  |=([a=@ b=@] ?:((lte a b) (some [a b]) ~))
          (ifix [kel ker] ;~(plug dim:ag ;~(pfix com dim:ag)))
      ::

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### `++chun`

      ++  chun
        %+  knee  *rege  |.  ~+
        ;~  pose
          (cold %ende buc)
          (cold %sart ket)
          (cold %dote dot)
          %+  cook  |=(a=(list char) (reel a |=([p=char q=rege] [%pair [%lite p] q])))
            ;~(pfix (jest '\\Q') cape)
          |=  tub=nail
          =+  foo=;~(plug kel dim:ag ;~(pose ker (jest ',}') ;~(plug com dim:ag ker)))
          =+  bar=(foo tub)
          ?~(q.bar (chad tub) (fail tub))
          (cook |=([a=rege] [%capt a 0]) (ifix [pel per] apex))
          %+  cook  |=([a=rege] [%capt a 0])
            (ifix [;~(plug (jest '(?P<') (plus aln) gar) per] apex)
          (ifix [(jest '(?:') per] apex)
          (stag %brac ;~(pfix sel seac))
        ==
      ::

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### `++seac`

      ++  seac
        |=  tub=nail
        ?~  q.tub
          (fail tub)
        ?:  =(i.q.tub '^')
          (;~(pfix ket (cook flap sead)) tub)
        (sead tub)
      ::

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### `++sead`

      ++  sead
        %+  knee  *@  |.  ~+
        ;~  pose
          |=  tub=nail
          ?~  q.tub
            (fail tub)
          ?.  =(i.q.tub ']')
            (fail tub)
          ?~  t.q.tub
            (fail tub)
          ?:  =(i.t.q.tub '-')
            ?~  t.t.q.tub
              (fail tub)
            ?:  =(i.t.t.q.tub ']')
              (;~(pfix ser (cook |=(a=@ (con (bex ']') a)) sade)) tub)
            (fail tub)
          (;~(pfix ser (cook |=(a=@ (con (bex ']') a)) sade)) tub)
          |=  tub=nail
          ?~  q.tub
            (fail tub)
          ?.  =(i.q.tub '-')
            (fail tub)
          ?~  t.q.tub
            (fail tub)
          ?:  =(i.t.q.tub '-')
            ?~  t.t.q.tub
              (fail tub)
            ?:  =(i.t.t.q.tub ']')
              (;~(pfix hep (cook |=(a=@ (con (bex '-') a)) sade)) tub)
            (fail tub)
          (;~(pfix hep (cook |=(a=@ (con (bex '-') a)) sade)) tub)
          (cook |=(a=[@ @] (con a)) ;~(plug seap sade))
        ==
      ::

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### `++sade`

      ++  sade
        %+  knee  *@  |.  ~+
        ;~  pose
          (cold (bex '-') (jest '-]'))
          (cold 0 ser)
          (cook |=([p=@ q=@] `@`(con p q)) ;~(plug seap sade))
        ==
      ::

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### `++seap`

      ++  seap
        %+  knee  *@  |.  ~+
        ;~  pose
          unid
          %+  ifix  (jest '[:')^(jest ':]')
          ;~(pose ;~(pfix ket (cook flap chas)) chas)
          %+  sear  |=([a=@ b=@] ?:((gth a b) ~ (some (ranc a b))))
            ;~(plug asp ;~(pfix hep alb))
          |=  tub=nail
          ?~  q.tub
            (fail tub)
          ?~  t.q.tub
            ((cook bex les) tub)
          ?:  =(i.t.q.tub '-')
            ?~  t.t.q.tub
              ((cook bex les) tub)
            ?:  =(i.t.t.q.tub ']')
              ((cook bex les) tub)
            (fail tub)
          ((cook bex les) tub)
          ;~(pfix bas escd)
        ==
      ::

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### `++cape`

      ++  cape
        %+  knee  *tape  |.  ~+
        ;~  pose
          (cold ~ (jest '\\E'))
          ;~(plug next cape)
          (cook |=(a=char (tape [a ~])) next)
          (full (easy ~))
        ==

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### `++chas`

      ++  chas                                              ::  ascii character set
        =-  (sear ~(get by -) sym)
        %-  mo  ^-  (list ,[@tas @I])
        :~  alnum/alnum  alpha/alpha  ascii/ascii  blank/blank  cntrl/cntrl
            digit/digit  graph/graph  lower/lower  print/print  punct/punct
            space/space  upper/upper  word/wordc   xdigit/xdigit
        ==
      ::  Character sets

++ alnum :(con lower upper digit)


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    ###++alpha

++ alpha :(con lower upper)


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    ###++ascii

++ ascii (ranc 0 127)


      ++  blank  (con (bex 32) (bex 9))

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### `++cntrl`

      ++  cntrl  :(con (ranc 0 31) (bex 127))

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### `++digit`

      ++  digit  (ranc '0' '9')

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### `++graph`

      ++  graph  (ranc 33 126)

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### `++lower`

      ++  lower  (ranc 'a' 'z')

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### `++print`

      ++  print  (ranc 32 126)

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### `++punct`

      ++  punct  ;:  con
                   (ranc '!' '/')
                   (ranc ':' '@')
                   (ranc '[' '`')
                   (ranc '{' '~')
                 ==

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### `++space`

      ++  space  :(con (ranc 9 13) (bex ' '))

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### `++upper`

      ++  upper  (ranc 'A' 'Z')

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### `++white`

      ++  white  :(con (bex ' ') (ranc 9 10) (ranc 12 13))

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### `++wordc`

      ++  wordc  :(con digit lower upper (bex '_'))

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### `++xdigit`

      ++  xdigit  :(con (ranc 'a' 'f') (ranc 'A' 'F') digit)
      ::

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### `++chad`

      ++  chad
        %+  knee  *rege  |.  ~+
        ;~(pose (stag %lite nor) (stag %brac unid) ;~(pfix bas escp))
      ::

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### `++escd`

      ++  escd
        %+  knee  *@  |.  ~+
        ;~  pose
          (cold (bex 7) (just 'a'))
          (cold (bex 9) (just 't'))
          (cold (bex 10) (just 'n'))
          (cold (bex 11) (just 'v'))
          (cold (bex 12) (just 'f'))
          (cold (bex 13) (just 'r'))
          (cold (bex 0) (just '0'))
          (sear |=(a=@ ?:((lth a 256) (some (bex a)) ~)) (bass 8 (stun [2 3] cit)))
          (cook bex ;~(pfix (just 'x') (bass 16 (stun [2 2] hit))))
          (cook bex (ifix [(jest 'x{') ker] (bass 16 (stun [2 2] hit))))
          (cook bex mis)
        ==
      ::

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### `++escp`

      ++  escp
        %+  knee  *rege  |.  ~+
        ;~  pose
          (cold %empt (just 'Q'))
          (cold [%lite `@tD`0] (just '0'))
          (cold [%lite `@tD`7] (just 'a'))
          (cold [%lite `@tD`9] (just 't'))
          (cold [%lite `@tD`10] (just 'n'))
          (cold [%lite `@tD`11] (just 'v'))
          (cold [%lite `@tD`12] (just 'f'))
          (cold [%lite `@tD`13] (just 'r'))
          (sear |=(a=@ ?:((lth a 256) (some [%lite a]) ~)) (bass 8 (stun [2 3] cit)))
          (stag %lite ;~(pfix (just 'x') (bass 16 (stun [2 2] hit))))
          (stag %lite (ifix [(jest 'x{') ker] (bass 16 (stun [2 2] hit))))
          (cold %dote (just 'C'))
          (cold %sart (just 'A'))
          (cold %ende (just 'z'))
          (cold %boun (just 'b'))
          (cold %bout (just 'B'))
          (stag %brac (cold wordc (just 'w')))
          (stag %brac (cold (flap wordc) (just 'W')))
          (stag %lite mis)
        ==
      ::

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### `++unid`

      ++  unid
        %+  knee  *@  |.  ~+
        ;~  pose
          (cold digit (jest '\\d'))
          (cold (flap digit) (jest '\\D'))
          (cold white (jest '\\s'))
          (cold (flap white) (jest '\\S'))
          (cold wordc (jest '\\w'))
          (cold (flap wordc) (jest '\\W'))
        ==
      --
    ::

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### `++ra`

    ++  ra                                                  ::  regex engine
      |_  a=rege

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### `++proc`

      ++  proc                                              ::  capture numbering
        |=  b=@
        =-  -(+ +>.$(a a))
        ^-  [p=@ a=rege]
        ?-  a
          [%capt *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a, b +(b))
                     [p.foo [%capt a.foo b]]
          [%eith *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     =+  bar=$(a q.a, b p.foo)
                     [p.bar [%eith a.foo a.bar]]
          [%pair *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     =+  bar=$(a q.a, b p.foo)
                     [p.bar [%pair a.foo a.bar]]
          [%manl *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     [p.foo [%manl a.foo]]
          [%plll *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     [p.foo [%plll a.foo]]
          [%binl *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     [p.foo [%binl a.foo q.a]]
          [%betl *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     [p.foo [%betl a.foo q.a r.a]]
          [%mant *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     [p.foo [%mant a.foo]]
          [%plls *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     [p.foo [%plls a.foo]]
          [%bant *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     [p.foo [%bant a.foo q.a]]
          [%bint *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     [p.foo [%bint a.foo q.a]]
          [%betw *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     [p.foo [%betw a.foo q.a r.a]]
          *  [b a]
        ==
      ::

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### `++cont`

      ++  cont
        |=  [a=(map ,@u tape) b=(map ,@u tape)]
        (~(gas by _(map ,@u tape)) (weld (~(tap by a)) (~(tap by b))))
      ::

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### `++abor`

      ++  abor
        |=  [a=char b=(unit ,[tape (map ,@u tape)])]
        ^-  (unit ,[tape (map ,@u tape)])
        ?~  b
          b
        [~ [[a -.u.b] +.u.b]]
      ::

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### `++matc`

      ++  matc
        |=  [b=tape c=tape]
        ^-  (unit (map ,@u tape))
        =+  foo=`(unit ,[tape (map ,@u tape)])`(deep b %empt c)
        (bind foo |*(a=^ (~(put by +.a) 0 -.a)))
      ::

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### `++chet`

      ++  chet
        |=  [b=(unit ,[tape (map ,@u tape)]) c=tape d=tape]
        ^-  (unit ,[tape (map ,@u tape)])
        ?~  b
          b
        ?~  -.u.b
          b
        =+  bar=(deep (slag (lent -.u.b) c) %empt d)
        ?~  bar
          bar
        b

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### `++blak`

      ++  blak  (some ["" _(map ,@u tape)])

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### `++word`

      ++  word  |=(a=char =((dis wordc:rags (bex a)) 0))

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### `++deep`

      ++  deep
        |=  [b=tape c=rege d=tape]
        ^-  (unit ,[tape (map ,@u tape)])
        ?-  a
          %dote  ?~(b ~ (some [[i.b ~] _(map ,@u tape)]))
          %ende  ?~(b blak ~)
          %sart  ?:(=(b d) blak ~)
          %empt  blak
          %boun  =+  ^=  luc
                     ?:  =(b d)
                       &
                     =+  foo=(slag (dec (sub (lent d) (lent b))) d)
                     (word -.foo)
                 =+  cuc=?~(b & (word -.b))
                 ?:(!=(luc cuc) blak ~)
          %bout  =+  ^=  luc
                     ?:  =(b d)
                       &
                     =+  foo=(slag (dec (sub (lent d) (lent b))) d)
                     (word -.foo)
                 =+  cuc=?~(b & (word -.b))
                 ?:(=(luc cuc) blak ~)
          [%capt *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     ?~  foo
                       foo
                     =+  ft=u.foo
                     =+  bar=$(a c, b (slag (lent -.ft) b), c %empt)
                     ?~  bar
                       bar
                     [~ [-.ft (~(put by +.ft) q.a -.ft)]]
          [%lite *]  ?~(b ~ ?:(=(i.b p.a) (some [[i.b ~] _(map ,@u tape)]) ~))
          [%brac *]  ?~  b
                       ~
                     ?.  =((dis (bex `@`i.b) p.a) 0)
                       (some [[i.b ~] _(map ,@u tape)])
                     ~
          [%eith *]  =+  foo=(chet(a c) $(a p.a) b d)
                     =+  bar=(chet(a c) $(a q.a) b d)
                     ?~  foo
                       bar
                     ?~  bar
                       foo
                     =+  ft=u.foo
                     =+  bt=u.bar
                     ?:  (gte (lent -.ft) (lent -.bt))
                       foo
                     bar
          [%pair *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a, c [%pair q.a c])
                     ?~  foo
                       foo
                     =+  ft=u.foo
                     =+  bar=$(a q.a, b (slag (lent -.ft) b))
                     ?~  bar
                       bar
                     =+  bt=u.bar
                     [~ [(weld -.ft -.bt) (cont +.ft +.bt)]]
          [%manl *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     ?~  foo
                       blak
                     ?~  -.u.foo
                       blak
                     $(a [%eith %empt [%pair p.a [%eith %empt a]]])
          [%mant *]  =+  foo=$(a p.a)
                     ?~  foo
                       blak
                     =+  ft=u.foo
                     ?~  -.ft
                       blak
                     $(a [%eith [%pair p.a [%eith a %empt]] %empt])
          [%plls *]  $(a [%pair p.a [%mant p.a]])
          [%plll *]  $(a [%pair p.a [%manl p.a]])
          [%binl *]  =+  min=?:(=(q.a 0) 0 (dec q.a))
                     ?:  =(q.a 0)
                       $(a [%manl p.a])
                     $(a [%pair p.a [%binl p.a min]])
          [%bant *]  ?:  =(0 q.a)
                       blak
                     $(a [%pair p.a [%bant p.a (dec q.a)]])
          [%bint *]  =+  min=?:(=(q.a 0) 0 (dec q.a))
                     ?:  =(q.a 0)
                       $(a [%mant p.a])
                     $(a [%pair p.a [%bint p.a min]])
          [%betw *]  ?:  =(0 r.a)
                       blak
                     ?:  =(q.a 0)
                       $(a [%eith [%pair p.a [%betw p.a 0 (dec r.a)]] %empt])
                     $(a [%pair p.a [%betw p.a (dec q.a) (dec r.a)]])
          [%betl *]  ?:  =(0 r.a)
                       blak
                     ?:  =(q.a 0)
                       $(a [%eith %empt [%pair p.a [%betl p.a 0 (dec r.a)]]])
                     $(a [%pair p.a [%betl p.a (dec q.a) (dec r.a)]])
        ==
      --
    ::

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### `++rexp`

    ++  rexp                                                :: Regex match
      ~/  %rexp
      |=  [a=tape b=tape]
      ^-  (unit (unit (map ,@u tape)))
      =+  ^=  bar
          |=  [a=@ b=(map ,@u tape)]
          ?:  =(a 0)
            b
          =+  c=(~(get by b) a)
          ?~  c
            $(a (dec a), b (~(put by b) a ""))
          $(a (dec a))
      =+  par=(pars a)
      ?~  par  ~
      =+  poc=(~(proc ra u.par) 1)
      =+  c=b
      |-
      =+  foo=(matc:poc c b)
      ?~  foo
        ?~  c
          [~ ~]
        $(c t.c)
      [~ [~ (bar (dec p.poc) u.foo)]]
    ::

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### `++repg`

    ++  repg                                                :: Global regex replace
      ~/  %repg
      |=  [a=tape b=tape c=tape]
      ^-  (unit tape)
      =+  par=(pars a)
      ?~  par  ~
      =+  poc=(~(proc ra u.par) 1)
      =+  d=b
      :-  ~
      |-
      ^-  tape
      =+  foo=(matc:poc d b)
      ?~  foo
        ?~  d
          ~
        [i.d $(d t.d)]
      =+  ft=(need (~(get by u.foo) 0))
      ?~  d
        c
      (weld c $(d `tape`(slag (lent ft) `tape`d)))
    ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::