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XML templating documentation
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Anton Dyudin
Anton Dyudin
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main/pub/src/doc/sail-moveme.md
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main/pub/src/doc/sail-moveme.md
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Structures
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==========
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The fundamental hoon structure used to generate XML is a manx. A manx is
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composed of a `marx` and a `marl`, representing an XML node:
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```
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++ manx ,[g=marx c=marl] :: XML node
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++ marx ,[n=mane a=mart] :: XML tag
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++ mane $|(@tas [@tas @tas]) :: XML name/space
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```
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Names, manes
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------------
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The most basic `manx` consists of an XML node name, called a `mane`, an empty
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`marl`, and an empty `mart`:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;div
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[[%div ~] ~]
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~zod/try=> ;namespaced_div;
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[[[%namespaced %div] ~] ~]
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```
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This represents an XML node, an opening and a closing tag with no attributes
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nor children:
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```
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~zod/try=> (xmlt | ;div; "")
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"<div></div>"
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~zod/try=> (xmlt | ;namespaced_div; ~)
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"<namespaced:div></namespaced:div>"
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```
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**Note**: `++xmlt` takes three arguments: a loobean determening whether text should be
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xml-escaped, the `manx` to be rendered, and a tape onto which to append the
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results. `<script>` and `<style>` tags are unescaped by default. For more
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information, see the XML documentation in Volume 3, section 3bD.
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However, `%gall` applications operate on nouns of the type `[%hymn manx]`,
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making direct calls to `++xmlt` rare.
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Attributes and child nodes
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--------------------------
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To represent XML nodes with children and/or attributes, `marl` and `mart` are
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used respectively:
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```
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++ marl (list manx) :: XML node list
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++ mart (list ,[n=mane v=tape]) :: XML attributes
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```
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Each child node is simply another manx, and attributes are pairs of key `mane`
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to value `tape`. `marl` and `mart` are lists of these respective values.
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Wide Form
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=========
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Children
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--------
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The XML templating syntax begins with a `';'` followed by a `term`.
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In wide form, a child node is appended with a `':'`:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;div:p;
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[[%div ~] [[%p ~] ~] ~]
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;div:p;
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<div><p></p></div>
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```
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**Note:**`/~zod/try/1/bin/poxo/hoon` is a shell script that applies `(curr (cury xmlt |) ~)`
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to a `manx`, rendering it as a `tape`.
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Multiple nodes can be represented inside of parentheses, separated by single spaces:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;div:(p ul:(li li))
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[[%div ~] [[%p ~] ~] [[%ul ~] [[%li ~] ~] [[%li ~] ~] ~] ~]
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;div:(p ul:(li li))
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<div><p></p><ul><li></li><li></li></ul></div>
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```
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Tags must always be closed. In wide form, this is done either with a `';'` if the
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node contains no children, or with a `':'`, followed by one or more children.
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In wide form, terminating `';'`s are implied: `;div:(p p p)` is equivalent to
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`;div:(p; p; p;)`.
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However, in instances where there are a chain of nodes where each node
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contains only one child, as with `;div:p;`, it is good practice to include the
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final `';'` to avoid confusion with an unclosed single tag.
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Attributes
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----------
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Attributes are included as `','`-separated pairs of `mane` and and a `tape` producing twig. These
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pairs are contained within parentheses, which immediately follow a `mane`:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;div(id "me", class "elem");
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[[%div [%id "me"] [%class "elem"] ~] ~]
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;div(class "elem", id "me"); ~))
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<div class="elem" id="me"></div>
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```
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The characters `'.'`, `'#'`, and `'/'` are short forms of the attributes `class`,
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`id`, and `href` respectively:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;div.elem#me;
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[[%div [%id "me"] [%class "elem"] ~] ~]
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~zod/try=> ;a/"//google.com";
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[[%a [%href "//google.com"] ~] ~]
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```
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As demonstrated above, the short forms of both `class` and `id` accept unquoted
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terms instead of tapes.
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The resulting XML is, of course, identical:
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```
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;div.elem#me;
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<div id="me" class="elem"></div>
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```
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Character data
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--------------
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Nodes can also contain text:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;p:"contents of paragraph"
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[[%p ~] [[%~. [%~. "contents of paragraph"] ~] ~] ~]
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;p:"contents of paragraph"
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<p>contents of paragraph</p>
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```
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Text is stored as a `mars` (a cdata node):
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```
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++ mars ,[t=[n=%$ a=[i=[n=%$ v=tape] t=~]] c=~] :: XML cdata
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```
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Techincally, a `mars` is a `manx` with an empty `mane`, one empty-named attribute
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containing the text, and no children. Equivalently, it is a `_:/(*tape)`.
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To insert text with newlines, it is surrounded in triple quotes:
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```
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;code:"""
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block
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with newlines
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"""
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```
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This is rendered as:
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```
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<code>block
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with newlines</code>
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```
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Interpolation
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-------------
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Similar to the syntax for `tape` interpolation,
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```
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~zod/try=> "Tape with {(weld "inter" (trip %polate))}d text"
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"Tape with interpolated text"
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```
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there exists a `manx` syntax to insert XML produced by twigs. The simplest form
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is that of embedded nodes:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;p:"Text text ;{b "bolded text"} more text"
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[ [%p ~]
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[[%~. [%~. "Text text "] ~] ~]
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[[%b ~] [[%~. [%~. "bolded text"] ~] ~] ~]
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[[%~. [%~. " more text"] ~] ~]
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~
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]
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;p:"Text text ;{b "bolded text"} more text"
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<p>Text text <b>bolded text</b> more text</p>
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```
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Notice that the syntax calls for a `marx`, followed by zero or more wide-form children
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`manx`, placed within `';{}'`.
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Dynamic data can also be interpolated. This is done by prefixing the `{}` wrapped twig with one of the following glyphs: `-, +, *, or %`.
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A `{}` prefixed by a `'-'` accepts a `tape`:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;p:"Paragraph with -{(weld "inter" (trip %polate))}d text"
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[ [%p ~]
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[[%~. [%~. "Paragraph with "] ~] ~]
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[[%~. [%~. ~[~~i ~~n ~~t ~~e ~~r ~~p ~~o ~~l ~~a ~~t ~~e]] ~] ~]
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[[%~. [%~. "d text"] ~] ~]
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~
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]
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```
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If no glyph prefix is present, a`'-'` is assumed:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;p:"Paragraph with {(weld "inter" (trip %polate))}d text"
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[ [%p ~]
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[[%~. [%~. "Paragraph with "] ~] ~]
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[[%~. [%~. ~[~~i ~~n ~~t ~~e ~~r ~~p ~~o ~~l ~~a ~~t ~~e]] ~] ~]
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[[%~. [%~. "d text"] ~] ~]
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~
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]
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;p:"Paragraph with {(weld "inter" (trip %polate))}d text"
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<p>Paragraph with interpolated text</p>
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```
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A prefix of `'+'` accepts a `manx`:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;p:"This text +{?:((gth 2 1) ;b:"be bold" ;i:"be scared")}"
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[[%p ~] [[%~. [%~. "This text "] ~] ~] [[%b ~] [[%~. [%~. "be bold"] ~] ~] ~] ~]
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;p:"This text +{?:((gth 2 1) ;b:"be bold" ;i:"be scared")}"
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<p>This text <b>be bold</b></p>
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```
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A prefix of `'*'` accepts a `marl`:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;p:"Today *{(turn `wain`~[%live %love] |=(a=@tas ;span:"we {(trip a)}, "))}"
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[ [%p ~]
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[[%~. [%~. "Today "] ~] ~]
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[ i=[[%span ~] [[%~. [%~. "we "] ~] ~] [[%~. [%~. "live"] ~] ~] [[%~. [%~. ", "] ~] ~] ~]
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t
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[ i=[[%span ~] [[%~. [%~. "we "] ~] ~] [[%~. [%~. "love"] ~] ~] [[%~. [%~. ", "] ~] ~] ~]
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t=~
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]
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]
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]
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;p:"Today *{(turn `wain`~[%live %love] |=(a=@tas ;span:"we {(trip a)}, "))}"
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<p>Today <span>we live, </span><span>we love, </span></p>
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```
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A prefix of `'%'` accepts `$+(marl marl)`, a gate with both a sample and product of `marl`. The gate is then slammed by the nodes that follow it:
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```
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~zod/try=> ;p:"%{|=(a=marl (weld a a))}dup"
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[ [%p ~]
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~[[g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="dup"]]] c=~] [g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="dup"]]] c=~]]
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]
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~zod/try=> :poxo ;p:"%{|=(a=marl (weld a a))}dup"
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<p>dupdup</p>
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```
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Interpolation can be disabled by replacing double quotes with single quotes.
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For example, `;unescaped:'Kel {}'` becomes `<unescaped>Kel {}</unescaped>`,
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and:
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```
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;script:'''
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function(){
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console.log(42)
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}
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'''
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```
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when rendered, is:
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```
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<script>function(){
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console.log(42)
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}</script>
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```
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Tall form
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==========
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Most development is done in tall form:
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```
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;html
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;head
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;title
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; Hi
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==
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==
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;body
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;p
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; Hello world
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==
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==
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==
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```
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This produces the `manx`:
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```
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g=[n=%html a=~]
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c
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~[
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[ g=[n=%head a=~]
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c=~[[g=[n=%title a=~] c=~[[g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="Hi
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"]]] c=~]]]]
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]
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[ g=[n=%body a=~]
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c=~[[g=[n=%p a=~] c=~[[g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="Hello world
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"]]] c=~]]]]
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]
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]
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]
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```
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When the `manx` is rendered, it produces:
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```
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<html><head><title>Hi
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</title></head><body><p>Hello world
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</p></body></html>
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```
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As previously mentioned, a tag must always be closed. In tall form, this is accomplished by a `'=='`, which should align directly beneath it; any node in between the two is a subnnode.
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As demonstrated in the example above, the tall form for character data
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is opened by `'; '` (note the space). Unlike wide form, the text that follows
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the `'; '` is not wrapped in quotes, but is instead terminated with a new
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line. The syntax for interpolation remains the same.
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The final way in which a tag may be closed is with `': '`, which is equivalent
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to a `manx` with a single child declared by `'; '`. As with `'; '`, the text
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declared by the `': '` is terminated by a new line:
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```
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;p: par contents
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:: <p>par contents</p>
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```
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Another syntax that is unique to tall form is`';='`, which describes a `marl`
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with no tag:
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```
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!:
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=- [- (xmll | - ~)]
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;=
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;p: node
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;node(with "attribute");
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==
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```
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This produces the `marl`:
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```
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[[[%p ~] [[%~. [%~. "node"] ~] ~] ~] [[%node [%with "attribute"] ~] ~] ~]
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```
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Notice how this renders two XML nodes without an outer tag:
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```
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"<p>node</p><node with="attribute"></node>"
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```
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Tall interpolation
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------------------
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A ';' followed by an interpolation glyph(`-, +, *, or %`) and two or more spaces,
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accepts a twig and interpolates it into the surrounding structure:
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```
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;div#demo
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;- "foo"
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;+ ;p:"bar"
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;* :- ;p:"baz"
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?: &
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~
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~[;hi;]
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;% |= a=marl
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(weld a a)
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; dup
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==
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```
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This produces the `manx`:
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```
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[ g=[n=%div a=~[[n=%id v="demo"]]]
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c
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~[
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[g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="foo"]]] c=~]
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[g=[n=%p a=~] c=~[[g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="bar"]]] c=~]]]
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[g=[n=%p a=~] c=~[[g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="baz"]]] c=~]]]
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[g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="dup
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"]]] c=~]
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[g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="dup
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"]]] c=~]
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]
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]
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```
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When the `manx` is rendered, it produces:
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```
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<div id="demo">foo<p>bar</p><p>baz</p>dup
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dup
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</div>
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```
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Attributes
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----------
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The tall form syntax for attributes is `'='` followed by a `mane` (the key), two
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or more spaces, and a tall twig that produces a tape:
|
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```
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;div
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=id "foo"
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=class "bar"
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;p: baz`
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==
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```
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This produces the `manx`:
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```
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[ g=[n=%div a=~[[n=%id v="foo"] [n=%class v="bar"]]]
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c=~[[g=[n=%p a=~] c=~[[g=[n=%$ a=~[[n=%$ v="baz"]]] c=~]]]]
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]
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```
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When rendered, this `manx` produces:
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```
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<div id="foo" class="bar"><p>baz</p></div>
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```
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The tall-form syntax can be combined with the wide-form attribute syntax (and all of its short forms):
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```
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;html
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;div#foo(tag "bar")
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=attr "exceedingly value in here"
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; tall form
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;p: contents
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==
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==
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```
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This produces the `manx`:
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```
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[ [%html ~]
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[ [%div [%id "foo"] [%tag "bar"] [%attr "hella long value in here"] ~]
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[[%~. [%~. "tall form
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"] ~] ~]
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[[%p ~] [[%~. [%~. "contents"] ~] ~] ~]
|
||||
~
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||||
]
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~
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]
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```
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When rendered, this `manx` produces:
|
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||||
```
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"<html><div id="foo" tag="bar" attr="hella long value in here">tall form
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<p>contents</p></div></html>"
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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