Merge branch 'release-candidate' into cc-release-rc-merge

* release-candidate: (742 commits) reap call sites before reaping the warm dashboard refines -F argument handling alphabetizes u3_opts and usage instructions replaces -N (enable fake networking) with -L (disable networking) removes the option to set -l, -n, and -r (raft options) removes -X ("skip last event") removes -M ("memory madness") Use Ed25519 u3a_malloc in the ed25519 jet. Fix README build instructions properly zero-initialize u3_wcon linked-list pointer removes second staging copy of compiler jets [CI] Point to latest release-candidate arvo De-duplicate dependency list Make small stylistic improvements to crypto jets meson v0.44.1 Use fetchGit instead of fetchTarball to get nixpkgs. Revert change to libh2o for now -- Breaks the nix build, but unbreaks the normal build. Minor Cleanup Make list indentation consistent in Meson file. Use latest urbit/argon2 ...
2024-11-23 18:18:23 +03:00 · 2018-11-21 16:45:07 -05:00 · 2018-11-21 16:45:07 -05:00 · 63b58f4c29
commit 63b58f4c29
parent 45239f471c 1463b33bc0
155 changed files with 16149 additions and 6352 deletions
--- a/.d/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/.gitignore
@ -1 +0,0 @@
-**.d
--- a/.d/jets/a/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/jets/a/.gitignore
--- a/.d/jets/b/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/jets/b/.gitignore
--- a/.d/jets/c/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/jets/c/.gitignore
--- a/.d/jets/d/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/jets/d/.gitignore
--- a/.d/jets/e/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/jets/e/.gitignore
--- a/.d/jets/f/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/jets/f/.gitignore
--- a/.d/jets/g/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/jets/g/.gitignore
--- a/.d/noun/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/noun/.gitignore
--- a/.d/outside/jhttp/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/outside/jhttp/.gitignore
--- a/.d/outside/murmur3/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/outside/murmur3/.gitignore
--- a/.d/vere/.gitignore
+++ b/.d/vere/.gitignore
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # subrepositories, downloaded pills
 /arvo/
-/debian/
 *.pill
 # autoconf
 /.MAKEFILE-VERSION
@ -30,5 +29,5 @@ node_modules/
 # ??
 /inst
 cscope.*
+build/
 TAGS
-build/
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@ -16,6 +16,15 @@
 [submodule "subprojects/libuv"]
 	path = subprojects/libuv
 	url = https://github.com/urbit/libuv.git
-[submodule "subprojects/http-parser"]
-	path = subprojects/http-parser
-	url = https://github.com/urbit/http-parser-legacy
+[submodule "subprojects/h2o"]
+	path = subprojects/libh2o
+	url = https://github.com/urbit/h2o.git
+[submodule "subprojects/argon2"]
+	path = subprojects/argon2
+	url = https://github.com/urbit/argon2.git
+[submodule "subprojects/secp256k1"]
+	path = subprojects/secp256k1
+	url = https://github.com/urbit/secp256k1.git
+[submodule "subprojects/libsni"]
+	path = subprojects/libsni
+	url = https://github.com/urbit/sniproxy
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -1,29 +1,63 @@
-language: c
-script: make && make test # no ./configure
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+- 4

 # Uncomment me if this gets annoying
 #
-# notifications: 
-#   email: false 
+# notifications:
+#   email: false
+
+before_install:
+  - wget https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v1.8.2/ninja-linux.zip
+  - unzip ninja-linux.zip
+  - sudo mv ninja /usr/bin/
+
+install:
+  # pwd: ~/urbit
+  - pip3 install --user -I meson==0.44.1
+  - git clone https://github.com/urbit/arvo
+  - cd ./arvo
+  - git checkout $(cat ../.travis/pin-arvo-commit.txt)
+  - cd ..
+
+script:
+  - meson . ./build --buildtype=debugoptimized -Dgc=true -Dprof=true
+  - cd ./build
+  - ninja
+  - ninja test
+  - sudo ninja install
+  - cd ../.travis
+  - npm install
+  - ulimit -c unlimited -S
+  - npm run -s test; bash print-core-backtrace.sh $?

 addons:
  apt:
-    sources:
-    # precise, which is the default, doesn't have an official libuv1 package
-    - sourceline: 'deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe'
-    #
    packages:
+    - python3
+    - python3-pip
    - libgmp3-dev
    - libsigsegv-dev
    - openssl
    - libssl-dev
    - libncurses5-dev
+    - automake
+    - autoconf
    - make
-    - exuberant-ctags
-    - libuv1-dev
+    - libtool
    - g++
-    - ragel
-    - cmake
    - re2c
    - libcurl4-gnutls-dev
-    - python
+    - unzip
+    - gdb
+# before_deploy: "make deb" # TODO
+deploy:
+  skip_cleanup: true
+  provider: releases
+  prerelease: true # turn this off for official releases
+  api_key:
+    secure: V4E7784ECSS3MO6ZIRtang9XwibDyvDYGb0MoSaP2CTlmzIAhdokr4KJFM0qM4KRaaajCdQuqi0lojgOjwdxs7e0GkAwScb33LFxQ7Chj/QkFOY7V1AnSRLR5OsXnazB0nur5aSwvcvnggQ2XW3OeF7zIvGfs9aR97SEz/xCrVE=
+  file: ./build/urbit # TODO upload package from before_deploy
+  on:
+    repo: urbit/urbit
+    tags: true
--- a/.travis/.gitattributes
+++ b/.travis/.gitattributes
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Don't show in diffs or auto-merge
+package-lock.json binary
--- a/.travis/.gitignore
+++ b/.travis/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+node_modules/
--- a/.travis/package-lock.json
+++ b/.travis/package-lock.json
@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
+{
+  "name": "vere-tests",
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+  "lockfileVersion": 1,
+  "requires": true,
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+        "fast-deep-equal": "^1.0.0",
+        "fast-json-stable-stringify": "^2.0.0",
+        "json-schema-traverse": "^0.3.0"
+      }
+    },
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+      "integrity": "sha1-7/UuN1gknTO+QCuLuOVkuytdQDE="
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+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/array-union/-/array-union-1.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha1-mjRBDk9OPaI96jdb5b5w8kd47Dk=",
+      "requires": {
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+    "array-uniq": {
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+}
--- a/.travis/package.json
+++ b/.travis/package.json
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "name": "vere-tests",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Test harness for the Urbit runtime",
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "node test.js"
+  },
+  "private": true,
+  "author": "~fyr",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "urbit-runner": "github:urbit/runner-js#ee24550"
+  }
+}
--- a/.travis/pin-arvo-commit.txt
+++ b/.travis/pin-arvo-commit.txt
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+97b340675934ce196878a569d4fa1b78e26a0d33
--- a/.travis/print-core-backtrace.sh
+++ b/.travis/print-core-backtrace.sh
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+set -x
+
+RESULT=$1
+
+if [[ ${RESULT} -eq 0 ]]; then
+  exit 0
+else
+  for i in $(find ./ -maxdepth 1 -name 'core*' -print)
+  do
+    gdb urbit core* -ex "thread apply all bt" -ex "set pagination 0" -batch
+  done
+fi
+
+echo "build failed with status code $RESULT"
+exit $RESULT
--- a/.travis/test.js
+++ b/.travis/test.js
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var runner  = require('urbit-runner')
+var Urbit   = runner.Urbit;
+var ERROR   = runner.ERROR;
+var actions = runner.actions
+
+var args  = ['-A', '../arvo', '-csgPSF', 'zod', 'zod'];
+var urbit = new Urbit(args);
+
+// vere hangs (always?) with run in travis-ci with -P
+// so we send ^Z if we hang for ~s30
+function exit() {
+  setTimeout(function(){
+    urbit.pty.write('\x1a');
+    urbit.pty.on('exit', function(code, signal){
+      process.exit(0);
+    })
+  }, 30 * 1000);
+
+  return urbit.exit(0);
+}
+
+Promise.resolve(urbit)
+.then(actions.safeBoot)
+.then(actions.test)
+.then(exit)
+.catch(function(err){
+  // we still exit 0, Arvo errors are not our fault ...
+  return urbit.waitSilent()
+  .then(function(){
+    return urbit.warn("Arvo test aborted:", err);
+  })
+  .then(exit);
+});
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@ -24,12 +24,11 @@ path you specify on the command line with the `-A` option.

 To start a fake `~zod`, the command is:

-    $ urbit -c -F -I zod -A [arvo checkout] [pier directory]
+    $ urbit -c -F zod -A [arvo checkout] [pier directory]

 To resume one that was already created, just as on the live network,
 remove `-c` and `-A [arvo checkout]` (but leave the rest of the options
-there). `-F` uses the fake network, and `-I` starts an "imperial"
-instance - that is, an 8-bit galaxy.
+there). `-F` uses the fake network.

 ## Kernel development

--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -9,22 +9,20 @@ If you're doing development on Urbit, keep reading.

 # Build instructions

-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/urbit/urbit.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/urbit/urbit)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/urbit/urbit.svg?branch=maint-0.4)](https://travis-ci.org/urbit/urbit)

 ## External dependencies

 `vere`, the Urbit virtual machine, depends on the following:

 - C compiler ([gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org) or [clang](http://clang.llvm.org))
- [GNU Make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/)
+- [Meson](http://mesonbuild.com/)
 - [GMP](https://gmplib.org)
- [CMake](https://cmake.org)
- [libuv](https://libuv.org) 1.x
 - [OpenSSL](https://www.openssl.org)
 - [libsigsegv](https://www.gnu.org/software/libsigsegv/)
 - [libcurl](https://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/)
+- [libuv](http://libuv.org)
 - curses implementation (ncurses on Linux distributions, OS curses otherwise)
- [Ragel](https://www.colm.net/open-source/ragel/)
 - [re2c](http://re2c.org)

 Most of these dependencies are unfortunate; we aim to drastically shrink the
@ -34,16 +32,66 @@ for future unbundling or removal wherever possible.

 ## Building

-Our Makefile should handle the build smoothly on all supported platforms. It's
-just a simple Makefile, written by hand for GNU Make, and the most complicated
-parts of its internal machinery have to do with the varied build systems of the
-bundled libraries.
+Urbit uses Meson build system.

-Useful targets are the default `all`, `clean`, and `distclean`. The last may not
-produce an entirely clean distribution directory, and runs a bundled library's
-configure script; `git clean` may be a better option.
+Some libraries which are not found in major distributions:
+- ed25519
+- http-parser legacy version 0.1.0
+- murmur3
+- softfloat3
+- urbit-scrypt
+- commonmark legacy version 0.12.0

-The `vere` binary is produced in `bin/urbit`.
+are included as git submodules. To build urbit from source, perform the following steps:
+
+## Configuration & compilation
+(For instructions for legacy meson, also see below)
+
+1. Install all required dependencies.
+2. Run `./scripts/bootstrap`
+3. Run `./scripts/build`
+4. The executable should appear in `./build` directory.
+
+### Using meson & ninja
+
+To configure the project, enter the build directory and enter
+`meson configure -Dbuildtype=release`.  To compile a debug build of urbit, use
+`meson configure -Dbuildtype=debug`.
+To set a prefix for installation use
+`meson configure -Dprefix=/usr`.
+
+## Configuration & compilation for legacy meson
+
+The syntax for legacy meson (Version `0.29`) is a bit different.
+1. Manually create `build` directory and invoke meson as `meson . ./build`
+2. If you want to set options, this is done in one step.
+   Use `meson -D [options] . ./build` to prepare customized build.
+
+Once the project is configured, use `ninja` to build it.
+To install it into the default prefix, use `ninja install`.
+If you want to specify custom `DESTDIR`, use `DESTDIR=... ninja install`.
+
+## Building the Debian Package
+
+To build a .deb file for installation on Debian platforms, perform the
+following steps:
+ Run `sudo apt install devscripts` to install the `debuild` utility.
+ Update the `debian/changelog` to reflect the changes in this release.
+ If necessary, update the year of the copyright in `debian/copyright`.
+ Clean any build artifacts: Run `make clean` and delete the `bin` directory,
+if it exists.
+ Run `tar -xcvf ../urbit-x.y.z.orig.tar.gz .` from the top-level folder in
+the repo.  This command will create an archive in the directory above the
+current directory, which will be used in packaging.
+ Run `debuild -us -uc`, also from the top-level folder in the repo. This
+creates a .deb file in the folder above the current directory.
+
+The resulting .deb file should now exist in the folder above the current
+directory. To test that the .deb file works properly, you can perform the
+following steps:
+ Uninstall urbit: `sudo apt remove urbit`.
+ Run `sudo dpkg -i ../urbit-x.y.z_amd64.deb` to install the new version.
+ Boot up a ship using the `urbit` command.

 ## Contact

--- a/Spec/nock/4.txt
+++ b/Spec/nock/4.txt
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+A noun is an atom or a cell.  An atom is a natural number.  A cell is an ordered pair of nouns.
+
+Reduce by the first matching pattern; variables match any noun.
+
+nock(a)             *a
+[a b c]             [a [b c]]
+
+?[a b]              0
+?a                  1
+[a b]              +[a b]
+a                  1 + a
+=[a a]              0
+=[a b]              1
+
+/[1 a]              a
+/[2 a b]            a
+/[3 a b]            b
+/[(a + a) b]        /[2 /[a b]]
+/[(a + a + 1) b]    /[3 /[a b]]
+/a                  /a
+
+#[1 a b]            a
+#[(a + a) b c]      #[a [b /[(a + a + 1) c]] c]
+#[(a + a + 1) b c]  #[a [/[(a + a) c] b] c]
+#a                  #a
+
+*[a [b c] d]        [*[a b c] *[a d]]
+
+*[a 0 b]            /[b a]
+*[a 1 b]            b
+*[a 2 b c]          *[*[a b] *[a c]]
+*[a 3 b]            ?*[a b]
+*[a 4 b]            +*[a b]
+*[a 5 b c]          =[*[a b] *[a c]]
+
+*[a 6 b c d]        *[a *[[c d] 0 *[[2 3] 0 *[a 4 4 b]]]]
+*[a 7 b c]          *[*[a b] c]
+*[a 8 b c]          *[[*[a b] a] c]
+*[a 9 b c]          *[*[a c] 2 [0 1] 0 b]
+*[a 10 [b c] d]     #[b *[a c] *[a d]]
+
+*[a 11 [b c] d]     *[[*[a c] *[a d]] 0 3]
+*[a 11 b c]         *[a c]
+
+*a                  *a
--- a/debian/changelog
+++ b/debian/changelog
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+urbit (0.6-0) unstable; urgency=high
+
+  * Memory-allocation bug fix in _box_slot in Vere. Breaking change.
+
+ -- Keaton Dunsford <keaton@tlon.io>  Fri, 8 Jun 2018 14:31:08 -0700
--- a/debian/compat
+++ b/debian/compat
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+10
--- a/debian/control
+++ b/debian/control
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Source: urbit
+Section: net
+Priority: extra
+Maintainer: Ted Blackman <ted@tlon.io>
+Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), libgmp3-dev, libsigsegv-dev, openssl, libssl-dev,libtool, meson, re2c, libcurl4-gnutls-dev
+Standards-Version: 3.9.5
+Homepage: http://urbit.org
+
+Package: urbit
+Architecture: any
+Depends: libgmp3-dev, libsigsegv-dev, openssl, libcurl4-gnutls-dev
+Description: An operating function
--- a/debian/copyright
+++ b/debian/copyright
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Format: http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/
+Upstream-Name: urbit
+Source: <http://urbit.org>
+
+Files: *
+License: MIT
+ The MIT License (MIT)
+ .
+ Copyright (c) 2017 Urbit
+ .
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ .
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ .
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
--- a/debian/debhelper-build-stamp
+++ b/debian/debhelper-build-stamp
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+urbit
--- a/debian/docs
+++ b/debian/docs
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+LICENSE.txt
+README.md
--- a/debian/install
+++ b/debian/install
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+bin/urbit usr/bin
--- a/debian/rules
+++ b/debian/rules
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/make -f
+%:
+	dh $@
+
+override_dh_auto_install:
--- a/debian/source/format
+++ b/debian/source/format
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.0 (quilt)
--- a/default.nix
+++ b/default.nix
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+let
+
+  pkgs =
+    builtins.fetchGit {
+      name = "nixpkgs-2018-11-13";
+      url = https://github.com/nixos/nixpkgs/;
+      rev = "695a3d4254545968fc3015142c5299c0da5ca0a9";
+    };
+
+in
+
+  with (import pkgs {});
+
+let
+
+  osxdeps = lib.optionals stdenv.isDarwin (
+    with darwin.apple_sdk.frameworks;
+      [ Cocoa CoreServices ]);
+
+  deps = [ cmark curl gcc gmp libsigsegv meson ncurses ninja pkgconfig zlib
+           re2c openssl ];
+
+  isGitDir = (path: type: type != "directory" || baseNameOf path != ".git");
+
+in
+
+  stdenv.mkDerivation {
+    name = "urbit";
+
+    src = builtins.filterSource isGitDir ./.;
+
+    buildInputs = osxdeps ++ deps;
+
+    mesonFlags = "-Dnix=true";
+
+    NIX_LDFLAGS = lib.optionalString stdenv.isDarwin "-framework CoreServices";
+  }
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+file bin/test_hash
+handle SIGSEGV nostop noprint
+start
+
--- a/include/all.h
+++ b/include/all.h
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@

  /** u3: noun environment.
  **/
-#   include "noun/aliases.h"   //  general u3 
+#   include "noun/aliases.h"   //  general u3

 #   include "noun/allocate.h"  //  u3a: allocation
 #   include "noun/events.h"    //  u3e: persistence
@ -24,10 +24,31 @@
 #   include "noun/options.h"   //  u3o: config options
 #   include "noun/retrieve.h"  //  u3r: noun access (error returns)
 #   include "noun/trace.h"     //  u3t: profiling / tracing
-#   include "noun/xtract.h"    //  u3x: noun access (error crashes) 
+#   include "noun/xtract.h"    //  u3x: noun access (error crashes)
 #   include "noun/vortex.h"    //  u3v: arvo kernel
 #   include "noun/zave.h"      //  u3z: memoization

 #   include "jets/k.h"         //  u3k: jets (transfer, args)
 #   include "jets/q.h"         //  u3q: jets (retain, args)
 #   include "jets/w.h"         //  u3w: jets (retain, core)
+
+  /** u3_term: log output dependencies.
+  **/
+    extern FILE*
+    u3_term_io_hija(void);
+
+    extern void
+    u3_term_io_loja(int x);
+
+    extern void
+    u3_term_tape(u3_noun tep);
+
+    extern void
+    u3_term_wall(u3_noun wol);
+
+  /* uL, uH: wrap hijack/lojack around fprintf.
+  **
+  **  uL(fprintf(uH, ...));
+  */
+#   define uH    u3_term_io_hija()
+#   define uL(x) u3_term_io_loja(x)
--- a/include/c/defs.h
+++ b/include/c/defs.h
@ -92,3 +92,10 @@
      rut;})
 #define c3_free(s) free(s)
 #define c3_realloc(s, l) realloc(s, l)
+
+/* c3_calloc(): asserting calloc
+ */
+#define c3_calloc(s) ({                         \
+      void* rut = c3_malloc(s);                 \
+      memset(rut, 0, s);                        \
+      rut;})
--- a/include/c/motes.h
+++ b/include/c/motes.h
@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 #   define c3__bccb   c3_s4('b','c','c','b')
 #   define c3__bccn   c3_s4('b','c','c','n')
 #   define c3__bcdg   c3_s4('b','c','d','g')
+#   define c3__bcdt   c3_s4('b','c','d','t')
 #   define c3__bckt   c3_s4('b','c','k','t')
 #   define c3__bclc   c3_s4('b','c','l','c')
 #   define c3__bcmt   c3_s4('b','c','m','t')
@ -86,6 +87,7 @@
 #   define c3__blog   c3_s4('b','l','o','g')
 #   define c3__bloq   c3_s4('b','l','o','q')
 #   define c3__blot   c3_s4('b','l','o','t')
+#   define c3__blow   c3_s4('b','l','o','w')
 #   define c3__blue   c3_s4('b','l','u','e')
 #   define c3__blur   c3_s4('b','l','u','r')
 #   define c3__bndl   c3_s4('b','n','d','l')
@ -141,6 +143,7 @@
 #   define c3__brtg   c3_s4('b','r','t','g')
 #   define c3__brtr   c3_s4('b','r','t','r')
 #   define c3__brts   c3_s4('b','r','t','s')
+#   define c3__brvt   c3_s4('b','r','v','t')
 #   define c3__brwt   c3_s4('b','r','w','t')
 #   define c3__brzp   c3_s4('b','r','z','p')
 #   define c3__bud    c3_s3('b','u','d')
@ -148,8 +151,9 @@
 #   define c3__bump   c3_s4('b','u','m','p')
 #   define c3__bund   c3_s4('b','u','n','d')
 #   define c3__bung   c3_s4('b','u','n','g')
-#   define c3__bunt   c3_s4('b','u','n','t')
 #   define c3__bunk   c3_s4('b','u','n','k')
+#   define c3__bunt   c3_s4('b','u','n','t')
+#   define c3__bunx   c3_s4('b','u','n','x')
 #   define c3__burn   c3_s4('b','u','r','n')
 #   define c3__busk   c3_s4('b','u','s','k')
 #   define c3__bust   c3_s4('b','u','s','t')
@ -232,10 +236,12 @@
 #   define c3__con    c3_s3('c','o','n')
 #   define c3__cone   c3_s4('c','o','n','e')
 #   define c3__cong   c3_s4('c','o','n','g')
+#   define c3__conn   c3_s4('c','o','n','n')
 #   define c3__cons   c3_s4('c','o','n','s')
 #   define c3__cook   c3_s4('c','o','o','k')
 #   define c3__cool   c3_s4('c','o','o','l')
 #   define c3__core   c3_s4('c','o','r','e')
+#   define c3__corp   c3_s4('c','o','r','p')
 #   define c3__corm   c3_s4('c','o','r','m')
 #   define c3__corp   c3_s4('c','o','r','p')
 #   define c3__cow    c3_s3('c','o','w')
@ -274,12 +280,14 @@
 #   define c3__ctl    c3_s3('c','t','l')
 #   define c3__cut    c3_s3('c','u','t')
 #   define c3__cyl    c3_s3('c','y','l')
+#   define c3__czar   c3_s4('c','z','a','r')
 #   define c3__d      c3_s1('d')
 #   define c3__da     c3_s2('d','a')
 #   define c3__dago   c3_s4('d','a','g','o')
 #   define c3__dant   c3_s4('d','a','n','t')
 #   define c3__dast   c3_s4('d','a','s','t')
 #   define c3__data   c3_s4('d','a','t','a')
+#   define c3__dawn   c3_s4('d','a','w','n')
 #   define c3__dbug   c3_s4('d','b','u','g')
 #   define c3__dec    c3_s3('d','e','c')
 #   define c3__deem   c3_s4('d','e','e','m')
@ -311,6 +319,7 @@
 #   define c3__dmal   c3_s4('d','m','a','l')
 #   define c3__do     c3_s2('d','o')
 #   define c3__doc    c3_s3('d','o','c')
+#   define c3__docs   c3_s4('d','o','c','s')
 #   define c3__dogo   c3_s4('d','o','g','o')
 #   define c3__dojo   c3_s4('d','o','j','o')
 #   define c3__dome   c3_s4('d','o','m','e')
@ -346,11 +355,14 @@
 #   define c3__dtwt   c3_s4('d','t','w','t')
 #   define c3__dtzy   c3_s4('d','t','z','y')
 #   define c3__dtzz   c3_s4('d','t','z','z')
+#   define c3__dxkt   c3_s4('d','x','k','t')
 #   define c3__dub    c3_s3('d','u','b')
 #   define c3__duct   c3_s4('d','u','c','t')
+#   define c3__duke   c3_s4('d','u','k','e')
 #   define c3__dumb   c3_s4('d','u','m','b')
 #   define c3__dump   c3_s4('d','u','m','p')
 #   define c3__dust   c3_s4('d','u','s','t')
+#   define c3__earl   c3_s4('e','a','r','l')
 #   define c3__east   c3_s4('e','a','s','t')
 #   define c3__echo   c3_s4('e','c','h','o')
 #   define c3__edge   c3_s4('e','d','g','e')
@ -370,6 +382,7 @@
 #   define c3__face   c3_s4('f','a','c','e')
 #   define c3__fail   c3_s4('f','a','i','l')
 #   define c3__fair   c3_s4('f','a','i','r')
+#   define c3__fake   c3_s4('f','a','k','e')
 #   define c3__fan    c3_s3('f','a','n')
 #   define c3__farg   c3_s4('f','a','r','g')
 #   define c3__fast   c3_s4('f','a','s','t')
@ -412,6 +425,7 @@
 #   define c3__forb   c3_s4('f','o','r','b')
 #   define c3__fore   c3_s4('f','o','r','e')
 #   define c3__fork   c3_s4('f','o','r','k')
+#   define c3__form   c3_s4('f','o','r','m')
 #   define c3__forq   c3_s4('f','o','r','q')
 #   define c3__foul   c3_s4('f','o','u','l')
 #   define c3__frag   c3_s4('f','r','a','g')
@ -423,8 +437,8 @@
 #   define c3__fron   c3_s4('f','r','o','n')
 #   define c3__fry    c3_s3('f','r','y')
 #   define c3__fuge   c3_s4('f','u','g','e')
-#   define c3__fume   c3_s4('f','u','l','l')
-#   define c3__full   c3_s4('f','u','m','e')
+#   define c3__fume   c3_s4('f','u','m','e')
+#   define c3__full   c3_s4('f','u','l','l')
 #   define c3__fun    c3_s3('f','u','n')
 #   define c3__fund   c3_s4('f','u','n','d')
 #   define c3__fung   c3_s4('f','u','n','g')
@ -553,6 +567,8 @@
 #   define c3__i      c3_s1('i')
 #   define c3__ic     c3_s2('i','c')
 #   define c3__ice    c3_s3('i','c','e')
+#   define c3__iced   c3_s4('i','c','e','d')
+#   define c3__id     c3_s2('i','d')
 #   define c3__if     c3_s2('i','f')
 #   define c3__ifix   c3_s4('i','f','i','x')
 #   define c3__in     c3_s2('i','n')
@ -577,6 +593,7 @@
 #   define c3__kern   c3_s4('k','e','r','n')
 #   define c3__kgo    c3_s3('k','g','o')
 #   define c3__kick   c3_s4('k','i','c','k')
+#   define c3__king   c3_s4('k','i','n','g')
 #   define c3__kit    c3_s3('k','i','t')
 #   define c3__knit   c3_s4('k','n','i','t')
 #   define c3__kno    c3_s3('k','n','o')
@ -775,6 +792,7 @@
 #   define c3__oops   c3_s4('o','o','p','s')
 #   define c3__op     c3_s2('o','p')
 #   define c3__open   c3_s4('o','p','e','n')
+#   define c3__opts   c3_s4('o','p','t','s')
 #   define c3__or     c3_s2('o','r')
 #   define c3__ord    c3_s3('o','r','d')
 #   define c3__orth   c3_s4('o','r','t','h')
@ -794,6 +812,7 @@
 #   define c3__part   c3_s4('p','a','r','t')
 #   define c3__pass   c3_s4('p','a','s','s')
 #   define c3__past   c3_s4('p','a','s','t')
+#   define c3__pawn   c3_s4('p','a','w','n')
 #   define c3__peek   c3_s4('p','e','e','k')
 #   define c3__peep   c3_s4('p','e','e','p')
 #   define c3__peft   c3_s4('p','e','f','t')
@ -1060,6 +1079,7 @@
 #   define c3__term   c3_s4('t','e','r','m')
 #   define c3__test   c3_s4('t','e','s','t')
 #   define c3__text   c3_s4('t','e','x','t')
+#   define c3__that   c3_s4('t','h','a','t')
 #   define c3__this   c3_s4('t','h','i','s')
 #   define c3__thin   c3_s4('t','h','i','n')
 #   define c3__thud   c3_s4('t','h','u','d')
@ -1114,6 +1134,7 @@
 #   define c3__trop   c3_s4('t','r','o','p')
 #   define c3__trup   c3_s4('t','r','u','p')
 #   define c3__try    c3_s3('t','r','y')
+#   define c3__tsbn   c3_s4('t','s','b','n')
 #   define c3__tsbr   c3_s4('t','s','b','r')
 #   define c3__tscl   c3_s4('t','s','c','l')
 #   define c3__tscm   c3_s4('t','s','c','m')
@ -1134,6 +1155,7 @@
 #   define c3__tung   c3_s4('t','u','n','g')
 #   define c3__tupl   c3_s4('t','u','p','l')
 #   define c3__turd   c3_s4('t','u','r','d')
+#   define c3__turf   c3_s4('t','u','r','f')
 #   define c3__turn   c3_s4('t','u','r','n')
 #   define c3__twig   c3_s4('t','w','i','g')
 #   define c3__twix   c3_s4('t','w','i','x')
@ -1184,6 +1206,7 @@
 #   define c3__watt   c3_s4('w','a','t','t')
 #   define c3__weak   c3_s4('w','e','a','k')
 #   define c3__web    c3_s3('w','e','b')
+#   define c3__wet    c3_s3('w','e','t')
 #   define c3__werp   c3_s4('w','e','r','p')
 #   define c3__west   c3_s4('w','e','s','t')
 #   define c3__what   c3_s4('w','h','a','t')
@ -1191,6 +1214,7 @@
 #   define c3__wild   c3_s4('w','i','l','d')
 #   define c3__win    c3_s3('w','i','n')
 #   define c3__wipe   c3_s4('w','i','p','e')
+#   define c3__wise   c3_s4('w','i','s','e')
 #   define c3__wish   c3_s4('w','i','s','h')
 #   define c3__with   c3_s4('w','i','t','h')
 #   define c3__wnut   c3_s4('w','n','u','t')
@ -1244,13 +1268,16 @@
 #   define c3__zphs   c3_s4('z','p','h','x')
 #   define c3__zphx   c3_s4('z','p','h','x')
 #   define c3__zplc   c3_s4('z','p','l','c')
+#   define c3__zpmc   c3_s4('z','p','m','c')
 #   define c3__zpmt   c3_s4('z','p','m','t')
 #   define c3__zpsg   c3_s4('z','p','s','g')
+#   define c3__zpsk   c3_s4('z','p','s','k')
 #   define c3__zpsm   c3_s4('z','p','s','m')
 #   define c3__zptc   c3_s4('z','p','t','c')
 #   define c3__zptm   c3_s4('z','p','t','m')
 #   define c3__zpts   c3_s4('z','p','t','s')
 #   define c3__zpvn   c3_s4('z','p','v','n')
+#   define c3__zpvt   c3_s4('z','p','v','t')
 #   define c3__zpzp   c3_s4('z','p','z','p')
 #   define c3__zuse   c3_s4('z','u','s','e')
 #   define c3__zush   c3_s4('z','u','s','h')
--- a/include/c/portable.h
+++ b/include/c/portable.h
@ -4,10 +4,15 @@
 */
  /** Must be compiled on gcc with C99 support.
  **/
+
+#include "config.h"
+
 #    ifndef __GNUC__
 #      error "port me"
 #    endif
+#    ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
 #    define _GNU_SOURCE
+#    endif


  /** System include files.
@ -194,3 +199,10 @@
 #      else
 #        define DEVRANDOM "/dev/random"
 #      endif
+
+/* Static assertion
+ */
+#define ASSERT_CONCAT_(a, b) a##b
+#define ASSERT_CONCAT(a, b) ASSERT_CONCAT_(a, b)
+#define STATIC_ASSERT(e,m) \
+        ;enum { ASSERT_CONCAT(assert_line_, __LINE__) = 1/(int)(!!(e)) }
--- a/include/config.h.in
+++ b/include/config.h.in
@ -10,4 +10,7 @@
 #mesondefine U3_OS_ENDIAN_little
 #mesondefine U3_OS_ENDIAN_big

+#mesondefine U3_MEMORY_DEBUG
+#mesondefine U3_CPU_DEBUG
+
 #endif /*CONFIG_H*/
--- a/include/jets/g.h
+++ b/include/jets/g.h
@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/* include/f/qjet.h
+**
+** This file is in the public domain.
+*/
+  /** Tier 1.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3ga_add(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_dec(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_div(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_gte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_gth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_inc(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_lte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_lth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_mod(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_mul(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ga_sub(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+  /** Tier 2.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3gb_bind(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_clap(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_drop(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_flop(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_lent(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_levy(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_lien(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_murn(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_need(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_reap(u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_reel(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_roll(u3_noun, u3_noun); 
+    u3_noun u3gb_skid(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_skim(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_skip(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_scag(u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_slag(u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_snag(u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_sort(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_turn(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gb_weld(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+
+  /** Tier 3.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3gc_bex(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_xeb(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_can(u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gc_cap(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_cat(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_con(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_cut(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_dis(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_dor(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_dvr(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_end(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_gor(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_hor(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_lsh(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_mas(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_met(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_mix(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_muk(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_peg(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_pow(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_rap(u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gc_rep(u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gc_rip(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_rsh(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_sqt(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gc_vor(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+  /** Tier 4.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3gdb_bif(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdb_dif(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdb_gas(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdb_get(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdb_has(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdb_int(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdb_put(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+#   define u3gdb_tap u3gdi_tap
+    u3_noun u3gdb_uni(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3gdi_bif(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdi_dif(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdi_gas(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdi_has(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdi_int(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdi_mer(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdi_put(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdi_tap(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdi_uni(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gdi_wyt(u3_noun);
+
+  /** Tier 5.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3ge_cue(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ge_jam(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ge_mat(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ge_rub(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ge_lore(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ge_loss(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ge_lune(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ge_repg(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ge_rexp(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ge_trip(u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3gea_ecba_en(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_ecba_de(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_ecbb_en(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_ecbb_de(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_ecbc_en(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_ecbc_de(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3gea_cbca_en(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_cbca_de(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_cbcb_en(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_cbcb_de(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_cbcc_en(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_cbcc_de(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3gea_de(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gea_en(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3ges_hsh(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_hsl(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom,
+                      u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_pbk(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_pbl(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3ge_shax(u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ge_shay(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ge_shas(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ge_shal(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3geo_raw(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3gef_drg(u3_noun, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gef_lug(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3ger_add(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_sub(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_mul(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_div(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_sqt(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_fma(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_lth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_lte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_equ(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_gte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ger_gth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3get_add(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_sub(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_mul(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_div(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_sqt(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_fma(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_lth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_lte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_equ(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_gte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3get_gth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3geq_add(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_sub(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_mul(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_div(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_sqt(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_fma(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_lth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_lte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_equ(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_gte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3geq_gth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3ges_add(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_sub(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_mul(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_div(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_sqt(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_fma(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_lth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_lte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_equ(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_gte(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3ges_gth(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+  /** Tier 6.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3gf_bull(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_cell(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_comb(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_cons(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_core(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_cube(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_face(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_fine(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_fitz(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_flan(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_flay(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_flip(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_flor(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_forq(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_fork(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_grof(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_help(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_hike(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_look(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_loot(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_slot(u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gf_type(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3gfl_bunt(u3_noun, u3_noun); 
+    u3_noun u3gfl_whip(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3gfp_hack(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfp_late(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfp_open(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfp_rake(u3_noun);
+
+#   define u3gfu_van_fan  28
+#   define u3gfu_van_rib  58
+#   define u3gfu_van_vrf  59
+#   define u3gfu_van_vet  118
+#   define u3gfu_van_fab  119
+
+    u3_noun u3gfu_burn(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_busk(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_buss(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_bust(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_conk(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_crop(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_cull(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_duck(u3_noun, u3_noun); 
+    u3_noun u3gfu_dung(u3_noun, u3_noun cap, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_dunq(u3_noun, const c3_c*, u3_noun);
+    void    u3gfu_dump(u3_noun, const c3_c*, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_fond(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_finc(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_fink(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_fire(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_firm(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_fish(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_fuse(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_gain(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_heal(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_lose(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_mint(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_mull(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_nest(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_nost(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_orth(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_peek(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_peel(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_play(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_repo(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_rest(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_shep(u3_noun, const c3_c*, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_shew(u3_noun, u3_noun); 
+    u3_noun u3gfu_sift(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_snub(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_tack(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_toss(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3gfu_wrap(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
--- a/include/jets/k.h
+++ b/include/jets/k.h
@ -18,6 +18,11 @@

 /* u3kc: tier 3 functions
 */
+  /* u3kc_mix(): binary xor.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3kc_mix(u3_atom a, u3_atom b);
+
  /* u3kc_lsh(): left shift.
  */
    u3_noun
@ -28,6 +33,26 @@
    u3_noun
    u3kc_rsh(u3_noun a, u3_noun b, u3_noun c);

+  /* u3kc_rep(): assemble single.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3kc_rep(u3_atom a, u3_noun b);
+
+  /* u3kc_rip(): disassemble.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3kc_rip(u3_atom a, u3_atom b);
+
+  /* u3kc_rev(): reverse block order, accounting for leading zeroes.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3kc_rev(u3_atom boz, u3_atom len, u3_atom dat);
+
+  /* u3kc_swp(): reverse block order.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3kc_swp(u3_atom a, u3_atom b);
+
 /* u3kd: tier 4 functions
 */
  /* u3kdb_get(): map get for key `b` in map `a` with u3_none.
--- a/include/jets/l.h
+++ b/include/jets/l.h
@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/* include/f/kjet.h
+**
+** This file is in the public domain.
+*/
+  /** Tier 1.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3la_add(u3_noun a, u3_noun b); 
+    u3_noun u3la_sub(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+    u3_noun u3la_mul(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+    u3_noun u3la_gth(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+    u3_noun u3la_lte(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+
+  /** Tier 2.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3lb_lent(u3_noun a);
+    u3_noun u3lb_weld(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+    u3_noun u3lb_flop(u3_noun a);
+
+/* u3lc: tier 3 functions
+*/
+  /* u3lc_lsh(): left shift.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3lc_lsh(u3_noun a, u3_noun b, u3_noun c);
+
+  /* u3lc_rsh(): right shift.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3lc_rsh(u3_noun a, u3_noun b, u3_noun c);
+
+/* u3ld: tier 4 functions
+*/
+  /* u3ldb_get(): map get for key `b` in map `a` with u3_none.
+  */
+    u3_weak
+    u3ldb_get(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+
+  /* u3ldb_got(): map get for key `b` in map `a` with bail.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3ldb_got(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+
+  /* u3ldb_put(): map put for key `b`, value `c` in map `a`.
+  */
+    u3_weak
+    u3ldb_put(u3_noun a, u3_noun b, u3_noun c);
+
+  /* u3ldb_has(): test for get.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3ldb_has(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+
+  /* u3ldb_gas(): list to map.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3ldb_gas(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+
+  /* u3ldi_gas(): list to map.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3ldi_gas(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+
+  /* u3ldi_has(): test for presence.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3ldi_has(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+
+  /* u3ldi_tap(): map/set convert to list.  (solves by_tap also.)
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3ldi_tap(u3_noun a);
+
+  /* u3ldi_put(): put in set.
+  */
+    u3_weak
+    u3ldi_put(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+
+  /* u3ldi_uni(): set union.
+  */
+    u3_noun 
+    u3ldi_uni(u3_noun a, u3_noun b);
+
+#   define u3ldb_tap(a) u3ldi_tap(a)
+
+/* u3le: tier 5 functions
+*/
+  /* u3le_cue(): expand saved pill.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3le_cue(u3_atom a);
+
+  /* u3le_jam(): pack noun as atom.
+  */
+    u3_atom
+    u3le_jam(u3_noun a);
+
+  /* u3le_trip(): atom to tape.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3le_trip(u3_noun a);
+
+  /* u3lf_fork(): build %fork span.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3lf_fork(u3_noun yed);
+
+  /* u3kz_fork(): build %fork span.
+  */
+    u3_noun
+    u3kz_fork(u3_noun yed);
+
+  /* u3lfu_repo(): 
+  */
+    u3_noun 
+    u3lfu_repo(u3_noun, u3_noun);
--- a/include/jets/q.h
+++ b/include/jets/q.h
@ -64,8 +64,10 @@
    u3_noun u3qc_pow(u3_atom, u3_atom);
    u3_noun u3qc_rap(u3_atom, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qc_rep(u3_atom, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3qc_rev(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
    u3_noun u3qc_rip(u3_atom, u3_atom);
    u3_noun u3qc_rsh(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3qc_swp(u3_atom, u3_atom);
    u3_noun u3qc_sqt(u3_atom);
    u3_noun u3qc_vor(u3_atom, u3_atom);

@ -132,6 +134,25 @@
    u3_noun u3qe_shay(u3_atom, u3_atom);
    u3_noun u3qe_shas(u3_atom, u3_atom);
    u3_noun u3qe_shal(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+    u3_noun u3qe_sha1(u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3qe_hmac(u3_noun, u3_atom, u3_atom,
+                      u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+
+    u3_noun u3qe_argon2(u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom,
+                        u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom,
+                        u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom,
+                        u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_atom);
+
+    u3_noun u3qe_blake(u3_atom wid, u3_atom dat,
+                       u3_atom wik, u3_atom dak, u3_atom out);
+
+    u3_noun u3qe_ripe(u3_atom wid, u3_atom dat);
+
+    u3_noun u3qe_make(u3_atom has, u3_atom prv);
+    u3_noun u3qe_reco(u3_atom has, u3_atom sig_v, u3_atom sig_r, u3_atom sig_s);
+    u3_noun u3qe_sign(u3_atom has, u3_atom prv);

    u3_noun u3qeo_raw(u3_atom, u3_atom);

@ -204,7 +225,7 @@
    u3_noun u3qf_forq(u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qf_fork(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qf_grof(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qf_help(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3qf_hint(u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qf_hike(u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qf_look(u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qf_loot(u3_noun, u3_noun);
@ -214,9 +235,12 @@
    u3_noun u3qfl_bunt(u3_noun, u3_noun); 
    u3_noun u3qfl_whip(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);

+    u3_noun u3qfr_fish(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+
    u3_noun u3qfp_hack(u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qfp_late(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qfp_open(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3qfp_open(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3qfp_nepo(u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qfp_rake(u3_noun);

 #   define u3qfu_van_fan  28
@ -237,6 +261,7 @@
    u3_noun u3qfu_dunq(u3_noun, const c3_c*, u3_noun);
    void    u3qfu_dump(u3_noun, const c3_c*, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qfu_fond(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3qfu_find(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qfu_finc(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qfu_fink(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qfu_fire(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
@ -264,80 +289,4 @@
    u3_noun u3qfu_toss(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3qfu_wrap(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);

-
-    u3_noun u3qz_bull(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_cell(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_comb(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_cons(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_core(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_cube(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_face(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_fine(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_fitz(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_flan(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_flay(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_flip(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_flor(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_forq(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_fork(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_grof(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_help(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_hike(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_look(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_loot(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_slot(u3_atom, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qz_type(u3_noun);
-
-    u3_noun u3qzl_bunt(u3_noun, u3_noun); 
-    u3_noun u3qzl_whip(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-
-    u3_noun u3qzp_hack(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzp_late(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzp_open(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzp_rake(u3_noun);
-
-#   define u3qzu_van_fan  28
-#   define u3qzu_van_rib  58
-#   define u3qzu_van_vrf  59
-#   define u3qzu_van_vet  118
-#   define u3qzu_van_fab  119
-
-    u3_noun u3qzu_burn(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_busk(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_buss(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_bust(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_conk(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_crop(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_cull(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_atom, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_duck(u3_noun, u3_noun); 
-    u3_noun u3qzu_dung(u3_noun, u3_noun cap, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_dunq(u3_noun, const c3_c*, u3_noun);
-    void    u3qzu_dump(u3_noun, const c3_c*, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_fond(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_finc(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_fink(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_fire(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_firm(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_fish(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_atom);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_fuse(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_gain(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_heal(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_lose(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_mint(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_mull(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_nest(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_nost(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_orth(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_peek(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_peel(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_play(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_repo(u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_rest(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_shep(u3_noun, const c3_c*, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_shew(u3_noun, u3_noun); 
-    u3_noun u3qzu_sift(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_snub(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_tack(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_toss(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3qzu_wrap(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);
-
+    void u3qf_test(const c3_c*, u3_noun);
--- a/include/jets/w.h
+++ b/include/jets/w.h
@ -64,8 +64,10 @@
    u3_noun u3wc_pow(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wc_rap(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wc_rep(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wc_rev(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wc_rip(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wc_rsh(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wc_swp(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wc_sqt(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wc_vor(u3_noun);

@ -143,6 +145,7 @@
    u3_noun u3we_shay(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3we_shas(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3we_shal(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3we_sha1(u3_noun);

    u3_noun u3weo_raw(u3_noun);

@ -151,6 +154,19 @@
    u3_noun u3wee_veri(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wee_shar(u3_noun);

+    u3_noun u3we_hmac(u3_noun);
+
+
+    u3_noun u3we_argon2(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3we_blake(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3we_ripe(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3we_make(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3we_sign(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3we_reco(u3_noun);
+
    u3_noun u3we_bend_fun(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3we_cold_fun(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3we_cook_fun(u3_noun);
@ -233,7 +249,7 @@
    u3_noun u3wf_flor(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wf_forq(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wf_fork(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wf_help(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wf_hint(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wf_hike(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wf_look(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wf_loot(u3_noun);
@ -273,61 +289,6 @@
    u3_noun u3wfu_toss(u3_noun);
    u3_noun u3wfu_wrap(u3_noun);

-    u3_noun u3wz_bull(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_cell(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_comb(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_cons(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_core(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_cube(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_face(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_fine(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_fitz(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_flan(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_flay(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_flip(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_flor(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_forq(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_fork(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_help(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_hike(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_look(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wz_loot(u3_noun);
-
-    u3_noun u3wzl_bunt(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzl_whip(u3_noun);
-
-    u3_noun u3wzp_hack(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzp_late(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzp_open(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzp_rake(u3_noun);
-
-    u3_noun u3wzu_burn(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_busk(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_bust(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_conk(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_crop(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_cull(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_duck(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_find(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_fond(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_fink(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_fire(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_firm(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_fish(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_fuse(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_heal(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_mint(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_mull(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_nest(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_peek(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_peel(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_play(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_repo(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_rest(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_snub(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_toss(u3_noun);
-    u3_noun u3wzu_wrap(u3_noun);
-
  /** Tier 7.
  **/
    u3_noun u3wg_down(u3_noun);
--- a/include/jets/y.h
+++ b/include/jets/y.h
@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+/* include/f/qjet.h
+**
+** This file is in the public domain.
+*/
+  /** Tier 1.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3ya_add(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ya_dec(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ya_div(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ya_gte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ya_gth(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ya_lte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ya_lth(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ya_mod(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ya_mul(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ya_sub(u3_noun);
+
+  /** Tier 2.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3yb_bind(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_clap(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_drop(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_flop(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_lent(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_levy(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_lien(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_murn(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_need(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_reap(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_reel(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_roll(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_skid(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_skim(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_skip(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_scag(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_slag(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_snag(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_sort(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_turn(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yb_weld(u3_noun);
+
+  /** Tier 3.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3yc_bex(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_xeb(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_can(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_cap(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_cat(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_con(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_cut(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_dis(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_dor(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_dvr(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_end(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_gor(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_hor(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_lsh(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_mas(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_met(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_mix(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_mug(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_muk(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_peg(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_pow(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_rap(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_rep(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_rip(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_rsh(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_sqt(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yc_vor(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3ycp_ins(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ycp_ind(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ycp_tos(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ycp_tod(u3_noun);
+
+  /** Tier 4.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3ydb_bif(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydb_dif(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydb_gas(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydb_get(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydb_has(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydb_int(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydb_put(u3_noun);
+#   define u3ydb_tap u3ydi_tap
+    u3_noun u3ydb_uni(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3ydi_bif(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydi_dif(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydi_gas(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydi_has(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydi_int(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydi_mer(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydi_put(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydi_tap(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydi_uni(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ydi_wyt(u3_noun);
+
+  /** Tier 5.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3ye_cue(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_jam(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_mat(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_rub(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_lore(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_loss(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_lune(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_mink(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_mule(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_repg(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_rexp(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_trip(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3ye_pfix(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_plug(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_pose(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_sfix(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yea_ecba_en(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_ecba_de(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_ecbb_en(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_ecbb_de(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_ecbc_en(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_ecbc_de(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yea_cbca_en(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_cbca_de(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_cbcb_en(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_cbcb_de(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_cbcc_en(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_cbcc_de(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yea_de(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yea_en(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yes_hsh(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_hsl(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_pbk(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_pbl(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3ye_shax(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_shay(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_shas(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_shal(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yeo_raw(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yee_puck(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yee_sign(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yee_veri(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yee_shar(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3ye_bend_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_cold_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_cook_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_comp_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_easy_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_glue_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_here_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_just_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_mask_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_shim_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_stag_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_stew_fun(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3ye_stir_fun(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yef_drg(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yef_lug(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yer_add(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_sub(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_mul(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_div(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_sqt(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_fma(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_lth(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_lte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_equ(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_gte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yer_gth(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yet_add(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_sub(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_mul(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_div(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_sqt(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_fma(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_lth(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_lte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_equ(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_gte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yet_gth(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yeq_add(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_sub(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_mul(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_div(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_sqt(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_fma(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_lth(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_lte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_equ(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_gte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yeq_gth(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yes_add(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_sub(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_mul(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_div(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_sqt(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_fma(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_lth(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_lte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_equ(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_gte(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yes_gth(u3_noun);
+
+  /** Tier 6.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3yf_bull(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_cell(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_comb(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_cons(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_core(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_cube(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_face(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_fine(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_fitz(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_flan(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_flay(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_flip(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_flor(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_forq(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_fork(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_help(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_hike(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_look(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yf_loot(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yfl_bunt(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfl_whip(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yfp_hack(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfp_late(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfp_open(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfp_rake(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3yfu_burn(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_busk(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_bust(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_conk(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_crop(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_cull(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_duck(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_find(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_fond(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_fink(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_fire(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_firm(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_fish(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_fuse(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_heal(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_mint(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_mull(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_nest(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_peek(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_peel(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_play(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_repo(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_rest(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_snub(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_toss(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3yfu_wrap(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3wz_bull(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_cell(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_comb(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_cons(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_core(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_cube(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_face(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_fine(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_fitz(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_flan(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_flay(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_flip(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_flor(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_forq(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_fork(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_help(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_hike(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_look(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wz_loot(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3wzl_bunt(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzl_whip(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3wzp_hack(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzp_late(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzp_open(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzp_rake(u3_noun);
+
+    u3_noun u3wzu_burn(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_busk(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_bust(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_conk(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_crop(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_cull(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_duck(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_find(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_fond(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_fink(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_fire(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_firm(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_fish(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_fuse(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_heal(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_mint(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_mull(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_nest(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_peek(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_peel(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_play(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_repo(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_rest(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_snub(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_toss(u3_noun);
+    u3_noun u3wzu_wrap(u3_noun);
+
+  /** Tier 7.
+  **/
+    u3_noun u3yg_down(u3_noun);
--- a/include/noun/allocate.h
+++ b/include/noun/allocate.h
@ -2,23 +2,6 @@
 **
 ** This file is in the public domain.
 */
-  /**  Options.
-  **/
-    /* U3_MEMORY_DEBUG: add debugging information to heap.  Breaks image.
-    */
-#     undef U3_MEMORY_DEBUG
-
-    /*  U3_CELLOC_TOGGLE: enable toggling of the custom cell allocator
-     *  via -g.  This slightly slows down the cell allocator even when
-     *  it's on.  Note that toggling -g breaks (maybe?) the image.  If
-     *  U3_MEMORY_DEBUG is on, this should generally be on as well.
-    */
-#     undef U3_CELLOC_TOGGLE
-
-    /* U3_PRINT_WATERMARK: print watermark information for each road
-    */
-#     undef U3_PRINT_WATERMARK
-
  /**  Constants.
  **/
    /* u3a_bits: number of bits in word-addressed pointer.  29 == 2GB.
@ -135,16 +118,21 @@
          u3p(u3a_fbox) fre_p[u3a_fbox_no];   //  heap by node size log
          u3p(u3a_fbox) cel_p;                //  custom cell allocator
          c3_w fre_w;                         //  number of free words
-#ifdef U3_MEMORY_DEBUG
          c3_w max_w;                         //  maximum allocated
-#endif
        } all;

        struct {                              //  jet dashboard
-          u3p(u3h_root) har_p;                //  warm state
-          u3_noun       das;                  //  cold state
+          u3p(u3h_root) hot_p;                //  hot state (home road only)
+          u3p(u3h_root) war_p;                //  warm state
+          u3p(u3h_root) cod_p;                //  cold state
+          u3p(u3h_root) han_p;                //  hank cache
+          u3p(u3h_root) bas_p;                //  battery hashes
        } jed;

+        struct {                              // bytecode state
+          u3p(u3h_root) har_p;                // formula->post of bytecode
+        } byc;
+
        struct {                              //  namespace
          u3_noun gul;                        //  (list $+(* (unit (unit)))) now
        } ski;
@ -156,6 +144,7 @@

        struct {                              //  profile stack
          c3_d    nox_d;                      //  nock steps
+          c3_d    cel_d;                      //  cell allocations
          u3_noun don;                        //  (list batt)
          u3_noun day;                        //  doss, only in u3H (moveme)
        } pro;
@ -261,6 +250,15 @@
                         ?  u3a_north_is_senior(r, som) \
                         :  u3a_south_is_senior(r, som) )

+#     define  u3a_is_mutable(r, som) \
+                ( _(u3a_is_atom(som)) \
+                  ? c3n \
+                  : _(u3a_is_senior(r, som)) \
+                  ? c3n \
+                  : _(u3a_is_junior(r, som)) \
+                  ? c3n \
+                  : (u3a_botox(u3a_to_ptr(som))->use_w == 1) \
+                  ? c3y : c3n )

  /**  Globals.
  **/
@ -303,6 +301,22 @@
          void*
          u3a_wealloc(void* lag_v, c3_w len_w);

+        /* u3a_push(): allocate space on the road stack
+        */
+          void*
+          u3a_push(c3_w len_w);
+
+        /* u3a_pop(): deallocate space on the road stack
+        */
+          void
+          u3a_pop(c3_w len_w);
+
+        /* u3a_peek(): examine the top of the road stack
+        */
+          void*
+          u3a_peek(c3_w len_w);
+
+
      /* C-style aligned allocation - *not* compatible with above.
      */
        /* u3a_malloc(): aligned storage measured in bytes.
@ -412,6 +426,11 @@
          void
          u3a_print_memory(c3_c* cap_c, c3_w wor_w);

+        /* u3a_deadbeef(): write 0xdeadbeef from hat to cap.
+        */
+          void
+          u3a_deadbeef(void);
+
      /* Atoms from proto-atoms.
      */
        /* u3a_slab(): create a length-bounded proto-atom.
--- a/include/noun/hashtable.h
+++ b/include/noun/hashtable.h
@ -7,9 +7,12 @@
    /**  Straightforward implementation of the classic Bagwell 
    ***  HAMT (hash array mapped trie), using a mug hash.
    ***
-    ***  Because a mug is 31 bits, the root table is 64 wide.
-    ***  Thereupon 5 bits each are warm for each layer.  The
-    ***  final leaf is simply a linear search.
+    ***  Because a mug is 31 bits, the root table has 64 slots.
+    ***  The 31 bits of a mug are divided into the first lookup,
+    ***  which is 6 bits (corresponding to the 64 entries in the
+    ***  root table), followed by 5 more branchings of 5 bits each,
+    ***  corresponding to the 32-slot nodes for everything under
+    ***  the root node.
    ***
    ***  We store an extra "freshly warm" bit for a simple
    ***  clock-algorithm reclamation policy, not yet implemented.
@ -17,9 +20,9 @@
    **/
      /* u3h_slot: map slot. 
      **
-      **   Either a key-value cell or a loom offset, decoded as a pointer 
-      **   to a u3h_node.  Matches the u3_noun format - coordinate with
-      **   meme.h.  The top two bits are:
+      **   Either a key-value cell or a loom offset, decoded as a pointer
+      **   to a u3h_node, or a u3h_buck at the bottom.  Matches the u3_noun
+      **   format - coordinate with allocate.h.  The top two bits are:
      **
      **     00 - empty (in the root table only)
      **     01 - table
@ -31,22 +34,28 @@
      /* u3h_node: map node.
      */
        typedef struct {
-          c3_w       map_w;
+          c3_w     map_w;
          u3h_slot sot_w[0];
        } u3h_node;

-      /* u3h_root: hash root table, with future-proof clock.
+      /* u3h_root: hash root table
      */
        typedef struct {
-          c3_w       clk_w;
-          u3h_slot sot_w[64];
+          c3_w     max_w;     // number of cache lines (0 for no trimming)
+          c3_w     use_w;     // number of lines currently filled
+          struct {
+            c3_w  mug_w;      // current hash
+            c3_w  inx_w;      // index into current hash bucket iff buc_o
+            c3_o  buc_o;      // yes if in middle of hash bucket
+          } arm_u;            // clock arm
+          u3h_slot sot_w[64]; // slots
        } u3h_root;

      /* u3h_buck: bottom bucket.
      */
        typedef struct {
          c3_w    len_w;
-          u3_noun kev[0];
+          u3h_slot sot_w[0];
        } u3h_buck;

    /**  HAMT macros.
@ -61,6 +70,8 @@
      ** u3h_node_to_slot(): node pointer to slot
      ** u3h_slot_to_noun(): slot to cell
      ** u3h_noun_to_slot(): cell to slot
+      ** u3h_noun_be_warm(): warm mutant
+      ** u3h_noun_be_cold(): cold mutant
      */
 #     define  u3h_slot_is_null(sot)  ((0 == ((sot) >> 30)) ? c3y : c3n)
 #     define  u3h_slot_is_node(sot)  ((1 == ((sot) >> 30)) ? c3y : c3n)
@ -68,16 +79,20 @@
 #     define  u3h_slot_is_warm(sot)  (((sot) & 0x40000000) ? c3y : c3n)
 #     define  u3h_slot_to_node(sot)  (u3a_into((sot) & 0x3fffffff))
 #     define  u3h_node_to_slot(ptr)  (u3a_outa(ptr) | 0x40000000)
-#     define  u3h_slot_to_noun(sot)  (0x40000000 | (sot))
-#     define  u3h_noun_to_slot(som)  (som)
 #     define  u3h_noun_be_warm(sot)  ((sot) | 0x40000000)
 #     define  u3h_noun_be_cold(sot)  ((sot) & ~0x40000000)
-
+#     define  u3h_slot_to_noun(sot)  (0x40000000 | (sot))
+#     define  u3h_noun_to_slot(som)  (u3h_noun_be_warm(som))

    /**  Functions.
    ***
    ***  Needs: delete and merge functions; clock reclamation function.
    **/
+      /* u3h_new_cache(): create hashtable with bounded size.
+      */
+        u3p(u3h_root)
+        u3h_new_cache(c3_w clk_w);
+
      /* u3h_new(): create hashtable.
      */
        u3p(u3h_root)
@ -111,6 +126,11 @@
        u3_weak
        u3h_gut(u3p(u3h_root) har_p, u3_noun key);

+      /* u3h_trim_to(): trim to n key-value pairs
+      */
+        void
+        u3h_trim_to(u3p(u3h_root) har_p, c3_w n_w);
+
      /* u3h_free(): free hashtable.
      */
        void
@ -121,7 +141,15 @@
        c3_w
        u3h_mark(u3p(u3h_root) har_p);

-      /* u3h_walk(): traverse hashtable with key, value fn; RETAINS.
+      /* u3h_walk_with(): traverse hashtable with key, value fn and data
+       *                  argument; RETAINS.
+      */
+        void
+        u3h_walk_with(u3p(u3h_root) har_p,
+                      void (*fun_f)(u3_noun, void*),
+                      void* wit);
+
+      /* u3h_walk(): u3h_walk_with, but with no data argument
      */
        void
        u3h_walk(u3p(u3h_root) har_p, void (*fun_f)(u3_noun));
--- a/include/noun/imprison.h
+++ b/include/noun/imprison.h
@ -55,6 +55,14 @@
          u3_noun
          u3i_qual(u3_noun a, u3_noun b, u3_noun c, u3_noun d);

+        /* u3i_edit():
+        **
+        **   Mutate `big` at axis `axe` with new value `som`
+        **   `axe` is RETAINED.
+        */
+          u3_noun
+          u3i_edit(u3_noun big, u3_noun axe, u3_noun som);
+
        /* u3i_string():
        **
        **   Produce an LSB-first atom from the C string `a`.
--- a/include/noun/jets.h
+++ b/include/noun/jets.h
@ -5,23 +5,32 @@
  /** Noun semantics.
  **/
 #if 0
-  ++  bane  ,@tas                                         ::  battery name
-  ++  bash  ,@uvH                                         ::  label hash
-  ++  bosh  ,@uvH                                         ::  battery hash
-  ++  batt  ,*                                            ::  battery
-  ++  calf                                                ::  
-    $:  jax=,@ud                                          ::  hot core index
-        hap=(map ,@ud ,@ud)                               ::  axis/hot arm index
-        lab=path                                          ::  label as path
-        jit=*                                             ::  arbitrary data
-    ==                                                    ::
-  ++  calx  (trel calf (pair bash cope) club)             ::  cached by battery
-  ++  clog  (pair cope (map batt club))                   ::  label record
-  ++  club  (pair corp (map term nock))                   ::  battery pattern
-  ++  cope  (trel bane axis (each bash noun))             ::  core pattern
-  ++  core  ,*
-  ++  corp  (each core batt)                              ::  parent or static
-  ++  dash  (map bash clog)                               ::  jet system
+=  location    $:  pattern=(each static dynamic)
+                    name=term
+                    hooks=(map term axis)
+                ==
+=  static      (each payload=* parent=location)
+=  dynamic     [where=axis parent=location]
+::
+=  registry    [roots=(map * location) parents=(list parent)]
+=  parent      (pair axis (map location location))
+::
+=  activation  $:  hot-index=@ud
+                    drivers=(map axis @ud)
+                    label=path
+                    jit=* :: FIXME: should probably be (map battery *)
+                          :: since there can be multiple batteries per location
+                ==
+=  hot-info    $:  reg=registry
+                    hot-index=@ud
+                    drivers=(map axis @ud)
+                    label=path
+                ==
+=  bash        @  :: battery hash (sha-256 based)
+::
+=  hot         (map bash hot-info)
+=  cold        (map battery=^ (pair bash registry))
+=  warm        (map location activation)
 #endif

  /** Data structures.
@ -41,26 +50,77 @@
        struct _u3j_core* cop_u;               //  containing core
      } u3j_harm;

+    /* u3j_hood: hook description.
+     */
+      typedef struct _u3j_hood {
+        c3_c*             nam_c;               //  hook name
+        c3_l              axe_l;               //  hook axis (XX: direct)
+        c3_o              kic_o;               //  hook is kick (vs. fragment)
+        c3_l              sax_l;               //  hook subject axis (XX: direct)
+      } u3j_hood;
+
    /* u3j_core: driver definition.
    */
      typedef struct _u3j_core {
        c3_c*             cos_c;        //  control string
+        c3_l              axe_l;        //  axis to parent
        struct _u3j_harm* arm_u;        //  blank-terminated static list
        struct _u3j_core* dev_u;        //  blank-terminated static list
+        c3_c**            bas_u;        //  blank-terminated static list
+        struct _u3j_hood* huc_u;        //  blank-terminated static list
        struct _u3j_core* par_u;        //  dynamic parent pointer 
-        c3_l              axe_l;        //  axis to parent
        c3_l              jax_l;        //  index in global dashboard
      } u3j_core;

    /* u3e_dash, u3_Dash, u3D: jet dashboard singleton
    */
      typedef struct _u3e_dash {
-        u3j_core* dev_u;              //  null-terminated static list
-        c3_l      len_l;              //  dynamic array length
-        c3_l      all_l;              //  allocated length
-        u3j_core* ray_u;              //  dynamic array by axis
+        u3j_core*     dev_u;            //  null-terminated static list
+        c3_l          len_l;            //  dynamic array length
+        c3_l          all_l;            //  allocated length
+        u3j_core*     ray_u;            //  dynamic array by axis
      } u3j_dash;

+    /* u3j_fist: a single step in a fine check.
+    */
+      typedef struct {
+        u3_noun bat;                  //  battery
+        u3_noun pax;                  //  parent axis
+      } u3j_fist;
+
+    /* u3j_fink: (fine check) enough data to verify a located core.
+    */
+      typedef struct {
+        c3_w    len_w;                //  number of fists
+        u3_noun sat;                  //  static noun at end of check
+        u3j_fist fis_u[0];            //  fists
+      } u3j_fink;
+
+    /* u3j_rite: site of a %fast, used to skip re-mining.
+    */
+      typedef struct {
+        c3_o          own_o;          //  rite owns fink?
+        u3_weak       clu;            //  cached product of clue formula
+        u3p(u3j_fink) fin_p;          //  fine check
+      } u3j_rite;
+
+    /* u3j_site: site of a kick (nock 9), used to cache call target.
+    */
+      struct _u3n_prog;
+      typedef struct {
+        u3p(struct _u3n_prog) pog_p;  //  program for formula
+        u3_noun       axe;            //  axis
+        u3_weak       bat;            //  battery (for verification)
+        u3_weak       bas;            //  hash of battery (for hot find)
+        u3_weak       loc;            //  location (for reaming)
+        c3_o          jet_o;          //  have jet driver?
+        c3_o          fon_o;          //  site owns fink?
+        u3_weak       lab;            //  label (for tracing)
+        u3j_core*     cop_u;          //  jet core
+        u3j_harm*     ham_u;          //  jet arm
+        u3p(u3j_fink) fin_p;          //  fine check
+      } u3j_site;
+
  /** Globals.
  **/
    /* u3_Dash: jet dashboard.
@ -73,20 +133,29 @@
      /* u3j_boot(): initialize jet system.
      */
        void
-        u3j_boot(void);
+        u3j_boot(c3_o nuu_o);

      /* u3j_clear(): clear jet table to re-register.
      */
        void
        u3j_clear(void);

+      /* u3j_cook():
+      **
+      **   Execute hook from core, call site cached by arbitrary c string
+      */
+        u3_noun
+        u3j_cook(const c3_c* key_c,
+                 u3_noun     cor,
+                 const c3_c* tam_c);
+
      /* u3j_hook():
      **
      **   Execute hook from core. 
      */
        u3_noun
        u3j_hook(u3_noun     cor,
-                   const c3_c* tam_c);
+                 const c3_c* tam_c);

      /* u3j_soft():
      **
@ -94,12 +163,7 @@
      */
        u3_noun
        u3j_soft(u3_noun     cor,
-                   const c3_c* tam_c);
-
-      /* u3j_find(): in warm state, return u3_none or calx.  RETAINS.
-      */
-        u3_weak
-        u3j_find(u3_noun bat);
+                 const c3_c* tam_c);

      /* u3j_kick(): try to kick by jet.  If no kick, produce u3_none.
      **
@ -114,7 +178,7 @@
        u3_noun
        u3j_kink(u3_noun cor,
                   u3_noun axe);
- 
+
      /* u3j_mine(): register core for jets.
      */
        void
@ -129,4 +193,76 @@
      /* u3j_reap(): promote jet state.  RETAINS.
      */
        void
-        u3j_reap(u3_noun das, u3p(u3h_root) har_p);
+        u3j_reap(u3p(u3h_root) cod_p, u3p(u3h_root) war_p, u3p(u3h_root) han_p, u3p(u3h_root) bas_p);
+
+      /* u3j_rite_mine(): mine cor with clu, using u3j_rite for caching
+      */
+        void
+        u3j_rite_mine(u3j_rite* rit_u, u3_noun clu, u3_noun cor);
+
+      /* u3j_rite_copy(): copy rite references from src_u to dst_u,
+      **                  losing old references if los_o is yes
+      */
+        void
+        u3j_rite_copy(u3j_rite* dst_u, u3j_rite* src_u, c3_o los_o);
+
+      /* u3j_site_copy(): copy site references from src_u to dst_u,
+      **                  losing old references if los_o is yes
+      */
+        void
+        u3j_site_copy(u3j_site* dst_u, u3j_site* src_u, c3_o los_o);
+
+      /* u3j_site_ream(): refresh u3j_site after restoring from checkpoint
+      */
+        void
+        u3j_site_ream(u3j_site* sit_u);
+
+      /* u3j_site_kick(): kick a core with a u3j_site cache.
+       */
+        u3_weak
+        u3j_site_kick(u3_noun cor, u3j_site* sit_u);
+
+      /* u3j_gate_prep(): prepare a locally cached gate to call repeatedly.
+       */
+        void
+        u3j_gate_prep(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun cor);
+
+      /* u3j_gate_slam(): slam a site prepared by u3j_gate_find() with sample.
+       */
+        u3_noun
+        u3j_gate_slam(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun sam);
+
+      /* u3j_gate_lose(): clean up site prepared by u3j_gate_find().
+       */
+        void
+        u3j_gate_lose(u3j_site* sit_u);
+
+      /* u3j_rite_mark(): mark u3j_rite for gc.
+      */
+        c3_w
+        u3j_rite_mark(u3j_rite* rit_u);
+
+      /* u3j_rite_lose(): lose references of u3j_rite (but do not free).
+      */
+        void
+        u3j_rite_lose(u3j_rite* rit_u);
+
+      /* u3j_site_lose(): lose references of u3j_site (but do not free).
+      */
+        void
+        u3j_site_lose(u3j_site* sit_u);
+
+      /* u3j_site_mark(): mark u3j_site for gc.
+      */
+        c3_w
+        u3j_site_mark(u3j_site* sit_u);
+
+      /* u3j_mark(): mark jet state for gc.
+      */
+        c3_w
+        u3j_mark(void);
+
+      /* u3j_free(): free jet state.
+      */
+        void
+        u3j_free(void);
--- a/include/noun/manage.h
+++ b/include/noun/manage.h
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
      /* u3m_boot(): start the u3 system.
      */
        void
-        u3m_boot(c3_o nuu_o, c3_c* dir_c, c3_c *pil_c);
+        u3m_boot(c3_o nuu_o, c3_o bug_o, c3_c* dir_c, c3_c *pil_c, c3_c *url_c, c3_c *arv_c);

      /* u3m_boot_new(): start the u3 system (new).  return next event,
      ** starting from 1.
@ -37,6 +37,16 @@
        c3_i
        u3m_bail(c3_m how_m) __attribute__((noreturn));

+      /* u3m_init(): start the environment, with/without checkpointing.
+      */
+        void
+        u3m_init(c3_o chk_o);
+
+      /* u3m_pave(): instantiate or activate image.
+      */
+        void
+        u3m_pave(c3_o nuu_o, c3_o bug_o);
+
      /* u3m_file(): load file, as atom, or bail.
      */
        u3_noun
--- a/include/noun/nock.h
+++ b/include/noun/nock.h
@ -2,6 +2,43 @@
 **
 ** This file is in the public domain.
 */
+  /** Data structures.
+  ***
+  **/
+
+  /* u3n_memo: %memo hint space
+   */
+  typedef struct {
+    c3_l    sip_l;
+    u3_noun key;
+  } u3n_memo;
+
+  /* u3n_prog: program compiled from nock
+   */
+  typedef struct _u3n_prog {
+    struct {
+      c3_o      own_o;                // program owns ops_y?
+      c3_w      len_w;                // length of bytecode (bytes)
+      c3_y*     ops_y;                // actual array of bytes
+    } byc_u;                          // bytecode
+    struct {
+      c3_w      len_w;                // number of literals
+      u3_noun*  non;                  // array of literals
+    } lit_u;                          // literals
+    struct {
+      c3_w      len_w;                // number of memo slots
+      u3n_memo* sot_u;                // array of memo slots
+    } mem_u;                          // memo slot data
+    struct {
+      c3_w      len_w;                // number of calls sites
+      u3j_site* sit_u;                // array of sites
+    } cal_u;                          // call site data
+    struct {
+      c3_w      len_w;                // number of registration sites
+      u3j_rite* rit_u;                // array of sites
+    } reg_u;                          // registration site data
+  } u3n_prog;
+
  /**  Functions.
  **/
    /* u3n_nock_on(): produce .*(bus fol).
@ -9,6 +46,17 @@
      u3_noun
      u3n_nock_on(u3_noun bus, u3_noun fol);

+    /* u3n_find(): return prog for given formula,
+     *             split by key (u3_nul for none). RETAIN.
+     */
+      u3p(u3n_prog)
+      u3n_find(u3_noun key, u3_noun fol);
+
+    /* u3n_burn(): execute u3n_prog with bus as subject.
+     */
+      u3_noun
+      u3n_burn(u3p(u3n_prog) pog_p, u3_noun bus);
+
    /* u3n_slam_on(): produce (gat sam).
    */
      u3_noun
@ -53,3 +101,23 @@
    */
      u3_noun
      u3n_nock_an(u3_noun bus, u3_noun fol);
+
+    /* u3n_reap(): promote bytecode state.
+     */
+      void
+      u3n_reap(u3p(u3h_root) har_p);
+
+    /* u3n_mark(): mark bytecode cache.
+     */
+      c3_w
+      u3n_mark(void);
+
+    /* u3n_free(): free bytecode cache.
+     */
+      void
+      u3n_free(void);
+
+    /* u3n_ream(): refresh after restoring from checkpoint.
+    */
+      void
+      u3n_ream(void);
--- a/include/noun/options.h
+++ b/include/noun/options.h
@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
        u3o_check_fatal =   0x8,              //  check: unrecoverable
        u3o_verbose =       0x10,             //  be remarkably wordy
        u3o_dryrun =        0x20,             //  don't touch checkpoint
-        u3o_quiet =         0x40              //  disable ~&
+        u3o_quiet =         0x40,             //  disable ~&
+        u3o_hashless =      0x80              //  disable hashboard
      };

  /** Globals.
--- a/include/noun/trace.h
+++ b/include/noun/trace.h
@ -2,12 +2,6 @@
 **
 ** This file is in the public domain.
 */
-  /**  Options.
-  **/
-    /* U3_CPU_DEBUG: activate profiling.
-    */
-#     define U3_CPU_DEBUG
-
  /** Data structures.
  **/
    /* u3t_trace: fast execution flags.
--- a/include/noun/xtract.h
+++ b/include/noun/xtract.h
@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #       define u3x_sam_7  27
 #       define u3x_sam_14 54
 #       define u3x_sam_15 55
+#       define u3x_sam_30 110
+#       define u3x_sam_31 111
 #     define u3x_con      7       //  context
 #     define u3x_con_2    14      //  context
 #     define u3x_con_3    15      //  context
--- a/include/vere/vere.h
+++ b/include/vere/vere.h
@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 **
 ** This file is in the public domain.
 */
+
+#include "h2o.h"
+
  /** Quasi-tunable parameters.
  **/
    /* First kernel this executable can boot.
@ -13,13 +16,14 @@

  /** Data types.
  **/
-    struct _u3_http;

    /* u3_hhed: http header.
    */
      typedef struct _u3_hhed {
        struct _u3_hhed* nex_u;
+        c3_w             nam_w;
        c3_c*            nam_c;
+        c3_w             val_w;
        c3_c*            val_c;
      } u3_hhed;

@ -31,101 +35,159 @@
        c3_y             hun_y[0];
      } u3_hbod;

-    /* u3_hrat: http parser state.
+    /* u3_rsat: http request state.
    */
      typedef enum {
-        u3_hreq_non,
-        u3_hreq_nam,
-        u3_hreq_val
-      } u3_hrat;
-
-    /* u3_csat: client connection state.
-    */
-      typedef enum {
-        u3_csat_dead = 0,                   //  connection dead
-        u3_csat_addr = 1,                   //  connection addressed
-        u3_csat_clyr = 2,                   //  connection open in cleartext
-        u3_csat_crop = 3,                   //  connection open, ssl needs hs
-        u3_csat_sing = 4,                   //  connection handshaking ssl
-        u3_csat_cryp = 5,                   //  connection open, ssl open
-      } u3_csat;
-
-    /* u3_hmet: http method.  Matches jhttp encoding.
-    */
-      typedef enum {
-        u3_hmet_delete,
-        u3_hmet_get,
-        u3_hmet_head,
-        u3_hmet_post,
-        u3_hmet_put,
-        u3_hmet_nop,                        //  virtual method
-        u3_hmet_other                       //  ie, unsupported
-      } u3_hmet;
+        u3_rsat_init = 0,                   //  initialized
+        u3_rsat_plan = 1,                   //  planned
+        u3_rsat_ripe = 2                    //  responded
+      } u3_rsat;

    /* u3_hreq: incoming http request.
    */
      typedef struct _u3_hreq {
-        struct _u3_hcon* hon_u;             //  connection
+        h2o_req_t*       rec_u;             //  h2o request
        c3_w             seq_l;             //  sequence within connection
-        u3_hmet          met_e;             //  method
-        u3_hrat          rat_e;             //  parser state
-        c3_c*            url_c;             //  url
-        c3_w             ipf_w;             //  ipv4
-        c3_o             liv;               //  keepalive
-        c3_o             end;               //  all responses added
-        u3_hhed*         hed_u;             //  headers
-        u3_hbod*         bod_u;             //  body parts (exit)
-        u3_hbod*         dob_u;             //  body parts (entry)
-        struct _u3_hreq* nex_u;             //  next in request queue
-        u3_hbod*         rub_u;             //  exit of write queue
-        u3_hbod*         bur_u;             //  entry of write queue
+        u3_rsat          sat_e;             //  request state
+        uv_timer_t*      tim_u;             //  timeout
+        struct _u3_hcon* hon_u;             //  connection backlink
+        struct _u3_hreq* nex_u;             //  next in connection's list
+        struct _u3_hreq* pre_u;             //  next in connection's list
      } u3_hreq;

-    /* u3_hrep: outgoing http response.
-    */
-      typedef struct _u3_hrep {
-        c3_w             sev_l;             //  server number
-        c3_w             coq_l;             //  connection number
-        c3_w             seq_l;             //  request number
-        c3_w             sas_w;             //  status
-        u3_hhed*         hed_u;             //  headers
-        u3_hbod*         bod_u;             //  body (one part)
-      } u3_hrep;
-
    /* u3_hcon: incoming http connection.
    */
      typedef struct _u3_hcon {
-        uv_tcp_t         wax_u;             //  event handler state
+        uv_tcp_t         wax_u;             //  client stream handler
+        h2o_conn_t*      con_u;             //  h2o connection
+        h2o_socket_t*    sok_u;             //  h2o connection socket
+        c3_w             ipf_w;             //  client ipv4
        c3_w             coq_l;             //  connection number
        c3_w             seq_l;             //  next request number
-        struct _u3_http* htp_u;             //  backlink to server
+        struct _u3_http* htp_u;             //  server backlink
+        struct _u3_hreq* req_u;             //  request list
        struct _u3_hcon* nex_u;             //  next in server's list
-        struct _u3_hreq* ruc_u;             //  request under construction
-        struct _u3_hreq* req_u;             //  exit of request queue
-        struct _u3_hreq* qer_u;             //  entry of request queue
-        void*            par_u;             //  struct http_parser *
+        struct _u3_hcon* pre_u;             //  next in server's list
      } u3_hcon;

    /* u3_http: http server.
    */
      typedef struct _u3_http {
-        uv_tcp_t         wax_u;             //  event handler state
+        uv_tcp_t         wax_u;             //  server stream handler
+        void*            h2o_u;             //  libh2o configuration
+        struct _u3_prox* rox_u;             //  maybe proxied
        c3_w             sev_l;             //  server number
        c3_w             coq_l;             //  next connection number
-        c3_w             por_w;             //  running port
+        c3_s             por_s;             //  running port
        c3_o             sec;               //  logically secure
        c3_o             lop;               //  loopback-only
+        c3_o             liv;               //  c3n == shutdown
        struct _u3_hcon* hon_u;             //  connection list
        struct _u3_http* nex_u;             //  next in list
      } u3_http;

+    /* u3_form: http config from %eyre
+    */
+      typedef struct _u3_form {
+        c3_o             pro;               //  proxy
+        c3_o             log;               //  keep access log
+        c3_o             red;               //  redirect to HTTPS
+        uv_buf_t         key_u;             //  PEM RSA private key
+        uv_buf_t         cer_u;             //  PEM certificate chain
+      } u3_form;
+
+    /* u3_hfig: general http configuration
+    */
+      typedef struct _u3_hfig {
+        u3_form*         for_u;             //  config from %eyre
+        struct _u3_warc* cli_u;             //  rev proxy clients
+        struct _u3_pcon* con_u;             //  cli_u connections
+      } u3_hfig;
+
+    /* u3_proxy_type: proxy connection downstream type
+    */
+      typedef enum {
+        u3_ptyp_prox = 0,                   //  connected to us
+        u3_ptyp_ward = 1                    //  we connected back to
+      } u3_proxy_type;
+
+    /* u3_pcon: established proxy connection
+    */
+      typedef struct _u3_pcon {
+        uv_tcp_t         don_u;             //  downstream handle
+        uv_tcp_t*        upt_u;             //  upstream handle
+        uv_buf_t         buf_u;             //  pending buffer
+        c3_o             sec;               //  yes == https
+        u3_proxy_type    typ_e;             //  tagged
+        union {                             //  union
+          struct _u3_warc* cli_u;           //  typ_e == ward
+          struct _u3_prox* lis_u;           //  typ_e == prox
+        } src_u;                            //  connection source
+        struct _u3_pcon* nex_u;             //  next in list
+        struct _u3_pcon* pre_u;             //  previous in list
+      } u3_pcon;
+
+    /* u3_warc: server connecting back to u3_ward as client
+    */
+      typedef struct _u3_warc {
+        c3_w             ipf_w;             //  ward ip
+        c3_s             por_s;             //  ward port
+        c3_o             sec;               //  secure connection
+        u3_atom          sip;               //  ward ship
+        c3_c*            hot_c;             //  ward hostname
+        uv_buf_t         non_u;             //  nonce
+        struct _u3_http* htp_u;             //  local server backlink
+        struct _u3_warc* nex_u;             //  next in list
+        struct _u3_warc* pre_u;             //  previous in list
+      } u3_warc;
+
+    /* u3_wcon: candidate u3_ward upstream connection
+    */
+      typedef struct _u3_wcon {
+        uv_tcp_t         upt_u;             //  connection handle
+        struct _u3_ward* rev_u;             //  connecting to ward
+        struct _u3_wcon* nex_u;             //  next in list
+      } u3_wcon;
+
+    /* u3_ward: reverse, reverse TCP proxy (ship-specific listener)
+    */
+      typedef struct _u3_ward {
+        uv_tcp_t         tcp_u;             //  listener handle
+        uv_timer_t       tim_u;             //  expiration timer
+        u3_atom          sip;               //  reverse proxy for ship
+        c3_s             por_s;             //  listening on port
+        uv_buf_t         non_u;             //  nonce
+        struct _u3_wcon* won_u;             //  candidate upstream connections
+        struct _u3_pcon* con_u;             //  initiating connection
+        struct _u3_ward* nex_u;             //  next in list
+        struct _u3_ward* pre_u;             //  previous in list
+      } u3_ward;
+
+    /* u3_prox: reverse TCP proxy server
+    */
+      typedef struct _u3_prox {
+        uv_tcp_t         sev_u;             //  server handle
+        c3_s             por_s;             //  listening on port
+        c3_o             sec;               //  yes == https
+        struct _u3_http* htp_u;             //  local server backlink
+        struct _u3_pcon* con_u;             //  active connection list
+        struct _u3_ward* rev_u;             //  active reverse listeners
+      } u3_prox;
+
+    /* u3_csat: client connection state.
+    */
+      typedef enum {
+        u3_csat_init = 0,                   //  initialized
+        u3_csat_addr = 1,                   //  address resolution begun
+        u3_csat_quit = 2,                   //  cancellation requested
+        u3_csat_ripe = 3                    //  passed to libh2o
+      } u3_csat;
+
    /* u3_cres: response to http client.
    */
      typedef struct _u3_cres {
-        u3_hrat          rat_e;             //  parser state
-        void*            par_u;             //  struct http_parser *
        c3_w             sas_w;             //  status code
-        u3_hhed*         hed_u;             //  headers
+        u3_noun          hed;               //  headers
        u3_hbod*         bod_u;             //  exit of body queue
        u3_hbod*         dob_u;             //  entry of body queue
      } u3_cres;
@ -134,70 +196,55 @@
    */
      typedef struct _u3_creq {             //  client request
        c3_l             num_l;             //  request number
+        h2o_http1client_t* cli_u;           //  h2o client
+        u3_csat          sat_e;             //  connection state
+        c3_o             sec;               //  yes == https
+        c3_w             ipf_w;             //  IP
+        c3_c*            ipf_c;             //  IP (string)
        c3_c*            hot_c;             //  host
        c3_s             por_s;             //  port
+        c3_c*            por_c;             //  port (string)
+        c3_m             met_m;             //  method
        c3_c*            url_c;             //  url
-        c3_o             sec;               //  yes == https
-        u3_hmet          met_e;             //  method
        u3_hhed*         hed_u;             //  headers
        u3_hbod*         bod_u;             //  body
-        u3_cres*         res_u;             //  nascent response
-        struct _u3_ccon* coc_u;             //  parent connection
-        struct _u3_creq* nex_u;             //  next in queue
-      } u3_creq;
-
-    /* u3_sslx: per-connection ssl context.
-     */
-      typedef struct _u3_sslx {
-        void*           ssl_u;              //  struct SSL*
-        void*           rio_u;              //  struct BIO* for read
-        void*           wio_u;              //  struct BIO* for write
-      } u3_sslx;
-
-    /* u3_ccon: outgoing http connection.
-    */
-      typedef struct _u3_ccon {             //  client connection
-        uv_tcp_t         wax_u;             //  i/o handler state
-        uv_connect_t     cot_u;             //  connection handler state
-        uv_getaddrinfo_t adr_u;             //  resolver state
-        u3_sslx          ssl;               //  ssl state
-        u3_csat          sat_e;             //  connection state
-        c3_c*            hot_c;             //  hostname
-        c3_s             por_s;             //  port
-        c3_w             ipf_w;             //  IP
-        c3_o             sec;               //  yes == https
        u3_hbod*         rub_u;             //  exit of send queue
        u3_hbod*         bur_u;             //  entry of send queue
-        u3_creq*         ceq_u;             //  exit of request queue
-        u3_creq*         qec_u;             //  entry of request queue
-        struct _u3_ccon* pre_u;             //  previous in list
-        struct _u3_ccon* nex_u;             //  next in list
-      } u3_ccon;
+        h2o_iovec_t*     vec_u;             //  send-buffer array
+        u3_cres*         res_u;             //  nascent response
+        struct _u3_creq* nex_u;             //  next in list
+        struct _u3_creq* pre_u;             //  previous in list
+      } u3_creq;

    /* u3_chot: foreign host (not yet used).
    */
      typedef struct _u3_chot {
        c3_w             ipf_w;             //  ip address (or 0)
        c3_c*            hot_c;             //  hostname (no port) (or 0)
-        struct _u3_ccon* ins_u;             //  insecure connection (or 0)
-        struct _u3_ccon* sec_u;             //  secure connection (or 0)
+        void*            ins_u;             //  insecure connection (or 0)
+        void*            sec_u;             //  secure connection (or 0)
      } u3_chot;

    /* u3_cttp: http client.
    */
      typedef struct _u3_cttp {
-        struct _u3_ccon* coc_u;             //  connection list
+        u3_creq*         ceq_u;             //  request list
+        h2o_http1client_ctx_t*              //
+                         ctx_u;             //  h2o client ctx
+        void*            tls_u;             //  client SSL_CTX*
      } u3_cttp;

-    /* u3_apac: ames packet, coming or going.
+    /* u3_pact: ames packet, coming or going.
    */
-      typedef struct _u3_apac {
-        struct _u3_apac* nex_u;             //  next in queue
-        c3_w             pip_w;             //  IPv4 address, to
-        c3_s             por_s;             //  IPv4 port, to
+      typedef struct _u3_pact {
+        uv_udp_send_t    snd_u;             //  udp send request
+        c3_w             pip_w;             //  target IPv4 address
+        c3_s             por_s;             //  target port
        c3_w             len_w;             //  length in bytes
-        c3_y             hun_y[0];          //  data
-      } u3_apac;
+        c3_y*            hun_y;             //  packet buffer
+        c3_y             imp_y;             //  galaxy number (optional)
+        c3_c*            dns_c;             //  galaxy fqdn (optional)
+      } u3_pact;

    /* u3_poke: poke callback function.
    */
@ -291,9 +338,11 @@
          uv_handle_t had_u;
        };
        uv_timer_t    tim_u;                //  network timer
+        c3_o          liv;                  //  listener on
        c3_o          alm;                  //  alarm on
        c3_w          law_w;                //  last wakeup, unix time
        c3_s          por_s;                //  public IPv4 port
+        c3_c*         dns_c;                //  domain XX multiple/fallback
        c3_w          imp_w[256];           //  imperial IPs
        time_t        imp_t[256];           //  imperial IP timestamps
      } u3_ames;
@ -491,22 +540,36 @@
    /* u3_opts: command line configuration.
    */
      typedef struct _u3_opts {
+        // XX find a way to re-enable -A (fastboot)
+        // c3_c*   arv_c;                      //  -A, initial sync from
        c3_o    abo;                        //  -a, abort aggressively
        c3_c*   pil_c;                      //  -B, bootstrap from
        c3_o    bat;                        //  -b, batch create
        c3_o    nuu;                        //  -c, new pier
        c3_o    dry;                        //  -D, dry compute, no checkpoint
        c3_o    dem;                        //  -d, daemon
+        c3_c*   ets_c;                      //  -E, eth snapshot
+        c3_c*   eth_c;                      //  -e, ethereum node url
+        // XX temporary for compiling, remove
        c3_o    fak;                        //  -F, fake carrier
+        c3_c*   fak_c;                      //  -F, fake ship
        c3_w    fuz_w;                      //  -f, fuzz testing
+        c3_c*   gen_c;                      //  -G, czar generator
        c3_o    gab;                        //  -g, test garbage collection
+        c3_c*   dns_c;                      //  -H, ames bootstrap domain
        c3_c*   lit_c;                      //  -J, ivory (fastboot) kernel
        c3_w    kno_w;                      //  -K, kernel version
+        c3_c*   key_c;                      //  -k, private key file
        c3_o    net;                        //  -L, local-only networking
        c3_o    pro;                        //  -P, profile
        c3_s    por_s;                      //  -p, ames port
        c3_o    qui;                        //  -q, quiet
        c3_o    rep;                        //  -R, report build info
+        c3_o    has;                        //  -S, Skip battery hashes
+        // XX find a way to re-enable -s (auto-pill)
+        // c3_o    git;                        //  -s, pill url from arvo git hash
+        c3_o    etn;                        //  -t, use snapshot exclusively to boot
+        c3_c*   url_c;                      //  -u, pill url
        c3_o    vno;                        //  -V, replay without reboots
        c3_o    veb;                        //  -v, verbose (inverse of -q)
        c3_c*   who_c;                      //  -w, begin with ticket
@ -521,13 +584,14 @@
        c3_d       now_d;                   //  event tick
        uv_loop_t* lup_u;                   //  libuv event loop
        u3_usig*   sig_u;                   //  signal list
+        u3_hfig    fig_u;                   //  http configuration
        u3_http*   htp_u;                   //  http servers
        u3_cttp    ctp_u;                   //  http clients
        u3_utty*   uty_u;                   //  linked terminal list
        u3_opts    ops_u;                   //  commandline options
        c3_o       liv;                     //  if u3_no, shut down
        c3_i       xit_i;                   //  exit code for shutdown
-        void*      ssl_u;                   //  struct SSL_CTX*
+        void*      tls_u;                   //  server SSL_CTX*
      } u3_host;                            //  host == computer == process

    /**  New pier system.
@ -627,7 +691,6 @@

 #     define u3L  u3_Host.lup_u             //  global event loop
 #     define u3Z  (&(u3_Raft))
-#     define u3S  u3_Host.ssl_u
 #     define u3K  u3_King

  /** Global variables.
@ -723,7 +786,7 @@
      /* u3_walk_save(): save file or bail.
      */
        void
-        u3_walk_save(c3_c* pas_c, u3_noun tim, u3_atom pad);
+        u3_walk_save(c3_c* pas_c, u3_noun tim, u3_atom pad, c3_c* bas_c, u3_noun pax);

      /* u3_sync_reck(): traverse filesystem for changes -> lamb
      */
@ -858,11 +921,6 @@
        void
        u3_term_ef_boil();

-      /* u3_term_ef_ticket(): initial effects for new ticket.
-      */
-        void
-        u3_term_ef_ticket(c3_c* who_c, c3_c* tic_c);
-
      /* u3_term_ef_verb(): initial effects for verbose events.
      */
        void
@ -941,6 +999,12 @@
                        u3_noun lan,
                        u3_noun pac);

+      /* u3_ames_ef_turf(): initialize ames I/O on domain(s).
+      */
+        void
+        u3_ames_ef_turf(u3_pier* pir_u,
+                        u3_noun tuf);
+
      /* u3_ames_io_init(): initialize ames I/O.
      */
        void
@ -1081,6 +1145,16 @@

    /**  HTTP server.
    **/
+      /* u3_http_ef_form: send %from effect to http.
+      */
+        void
+        u3_http_ef_form(u3_noun fig);
+
+      /* u3_http_ef_that: send %that effect to http.
+      */
+        void
+        u3_http_ef_that(u3_noun tat);
+
      /* u3_http_ef_thou(): send %thou effect to http.
      */
        void
--- a/jets/b/levy.c
+++ b/jets/b/levy.c
@ -3,12 +3,8 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

-
-/* functions
-*/
-  u3_noun
-  u3qb_levy(u3_noun a,
-            u3_noun b)
+  static u3_noun
+  _levy_in(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun a)
  {
    if ( 0 == a ) {
      return c3y;
@ -18,14 +14,28 @@
      if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
        return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
      }
-      else switch ( (loz = u3n_slam_on(u3k(b), u3k(u3h(a)))) ) {
-        case c3y:  return u3qb_levy(u3t(a), b);
+      else switch ( (loz = u3j_gate_slam(sit_u, u3k(u3h(a)))) ) {
+        case c3y:  return _levy_in(sit_u, u3t(a));
        case c3n:   return c3n;
        default:      u3z(loz);
                      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
      }
    }
  }
+
+/* functions
+*/
+  u3_noun
+  u3qb_levy(u3_noun a,
+            u3_noun b)
+  {
+    u3_noun  pro;
+    u3j_site sit_u;
+    u3j_gate_prep(&sit_u, u3k(b));
+    pro = _levy_in(&sit_u, a);
+    u3j_gate_lose(&sit_u);
+    return pro;
+  }
  u3_noun
  u3wb_levy(u3_noun cor)
  {
--- a/jets/b/lien.c
+++ b/jets/b/lien.c
@ -3,12 +3,8 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

-
-/* functions
-*/
-  u3_noun
-  u3qb_lien(u3_noun a,
-            u3_noun b)
+  static u3_noun
+  _lien_in(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun a)
  {
    if ( 0 == a ) {
      return c3n;
@ -18,14 +14,28 @@
      if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
        return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
      }
-      else switch ( (loz = u3n_slam_on(u3k(b), u3k(u3h(a)))) ) {
+      else switch ( (loz = u3j_gate_slam(sit_u, u3k(u3h(a)))) ) {
        case c3y:  return c3y;
-        case c3n:  return u3qb_lien(u3t(a), b);
+        case c3n:  return _lien_in(sit_u, u3t(a));
        default:   u3z(loz);
                   return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
      }
    }
  }
+
+/* functions
+*/
+  u3_noun
+  u3qb_lien(u3_noun a,
+            u3_noun b)
+  {
+    u3_noun  pro;
+    u3j_site sit_u;
+    u3j_gate_prep(&sit_u, u3k(b));
+    pro = _lien_in(&sit_u, a);
+    u3j_gate_lose(&sit_u);
+    return pro;
+  }
  u3_noun
  u3wb_lien(u3_noun cor)
  {
--- a/jets/b/murn.c
+++ b/jets/b/murn.c
@ -3,11 +3,8 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

-
-/* functions
-*/
  u3_noun
-  u3qb_murn(u3_noun a, u3_noun b)
+  _murn_in(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun a)
  {
    if ( 0 == a ) {
      return a;
@ -16,8 +13,8 @@
      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
    }
    else {
-      u3_noun one = u3n_slam_on(u3k(b), u3k(u3h(a)));
-      u3_noun two = u3qb_murn(u3t(a), b);
+      u3_noun one = u3j_gate_slam(sit_u, u3k(u3h(a)));
+      u3_noun two = _murn_in(sit_u, u3t(a));
      u3_noun nex;

      switch ( u3ud(one) ) {
@ -32,6 +29,19 @@
      }
    }
  }
+
+/* functions
+*/
+  u3_noun
+  u3qb_murn(u3_noun a, u3_noun b)
+  {
+    u3_noun pro;
+    u3j_site sit_u;
+    u3j_gate_prep(&sit_u, u3k(b));
+    pro = _murn_in(&sit_u, a);
+    u3j_gate_lose(&sit_u);
+    return pro;
+  }
  u3_noun
  u3wb_murn(u3_noun cor)
  {
--- a/jets/b/reel.c
+++ b/jets/b/reel.c
@ -3,6 +3,22 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

+  static u3_noun
+  _reel_in(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun a, u3_noun b)
+  {
+    if ( 0 == a ) {
+      return b;
+    }
+    else if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+    else {
+      u3_noun gim = u3k(u3h(a));
+      u3_noun hur = _reel_in(sit_u, u3t(a), b);
+
+      return u3j_gate_slam(sit_u, u3nc(gim, hur));
+    }
+  }

 /* functions
 */
@ -10,18 +26,12 @@
  u3qb_reel(u3_noun a,
            u3_noun b)
  {
-    if ( 0 == a ) {
-      return u3k(u3r_at(u3x_sam_3, b));
-    }
-    else if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
-      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
-    }
-    else {
-      u3_noun gim = u3k(u3h(a));
-      u3_noun hur = u3qb_reel(u3t(a), b);
-
-      return u3n_slam_on(u3k(b), u3nc(gim, hur));
-    }
+    u3_noun  pro;
+    u3j_site sit_u;
+    u3j_gate_prep(&sit_u, u3k(b));
+    pro = _reel_in(&sit_u, a, u3k(u3x_at(u3x_sam_3, b)));
+    u3j_gate_lose(&sit_u);
+    return pro;
  }
  u3_noun
  u3wb_reel(u3_noun cor)
--- a/jets/b/roll.c
+++ b/jets/b/roll.c
@ -3,6 +3,20 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

+  static u3_noun
+  _roll_in(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun a, u3_noun b)
+  {
+    if ( 0 == a ) {
+      return b;
+    }
+    else if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+    else {
+      b = u3j_gate_slam(sit_u, u3nc(u3k(u3h(a)), b));
+      return _roll_in(sit_u, u3t(a), b);
+    }
+  }

 /* functions
 */
@ -10,27 +24,12 @@
  u3qb_roll(u3_noun a,
            u3_noun b)
  {
-    if ( 0 == a ) {
-      return u3k(u3r_at(u3x_sam_3, b));
-    }
-    else if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
-      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
-    }
-    else {
-      u3_noun gim = u3k(u3h(a));
-      u3_noun zor = u3k(u3r_at(u3x_sam_3, b));
-      u3_noun daz = u3n_slam_on(u3k(b), u3nc(gim, zor));
-      u3_noun vel = u3i_molt(u3k(b), u3x_sam_3, daz, 0);
-
-      if ( u3_none == vel ) {
-        return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
-      } else {
-        u3_noun hox = u3qb_roll(u3t(a), vel);
-
-        u3z(vel);
-        return hox;
-      }
-    }
+    u3_noun  pro;
+    u3j_site sit_u;
+    u3j_gate_prep(&sit_u, u3k(b));
+    pro = _roll_in(&sit_u, a, u3k(u3x_at(u3x_sam_3, b)));
+    u3j_gate_lose(&sit_u);
+    return pro;
  }
  u3_noun
  u3wb_roll(u3_noun cor)
--- a/jets/b/skid.c
+++ b/jets/b/skid.c
@ -3,12 +3,8 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

-
-/* functions
-*/
-  u3_noun
-  u3qb_skid(u3_noun a,
-            u3_noun b)
+  static u3_noun
+  _skid_in(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun a)
  {
    if ( 0 == a ) {
      return u3nc(u3_nul, u3_nul);
@ -16,21 +12,36 @@
    else if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
    } else {
-      u3_noun acc = u3qb_skid(u3t(a), b);
-      u3_noun hoz = u3n_slam_on(u3k(b), u3k(u3h(a)));
+      u3_noun acc = _skid_in(sit_u, u3t(a));
+      u3_noun hoz = u3j_gate_slam(sit_u, u3k(u3h(a)));
+      u3_noun nex;

-      switch ( hoz ) {
-        case c3y:  acc = u3nc(u3nc(u3k(u3h(a)), u3h(acc)), u3t(acc));
-                   break;
-        case c3n:  acc = u3nc(u3h(acc), u3nc(u3k(u3h(a)), u3t(acc)));
-                   break;
-        default:   u3z(hoz);
-                   return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+      if ( c3y == hoz ) {
+        nex = u3nc(u3nc(u3k(u3h(a)), u3k(u3h(acc))), u3k(u3t(acc)));
+      } 
+      else {
+        nex = u3nc(u3k(u3h(acc)), u3nc(u3k(u3h(a)), u3k(u3t(acc))));
      }
      u3z(hoz);
-      return acc;
+      u3z(acc);
+
+      return nex;
    }
  }
+
+/* functions
+*/
+  u3_noun
+  u3qb_skid(u3_noun a,
+            u3_noun b)
+  {
+    u3_noun  pro;
+    u3j_site sit_u;
+    u3j_gate_prep(&sit_u, u3k(b));
+    pro = _skid_in(&sit_u, a);
+    u3j_gate_lose(&sit_u);
+    return pro;
+  }
  u3_noun
  u3wb_skid(u3_noun cor)
  {
--- a/jets/b/skim.c
+++ b/jets/b/skim.c
@ -3,12 +3,8 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

-
-/* functions
-*/
-  u3_noun
-  u3qb_skim(u3_noun a,
-            u3_noun b)
+  static u3_noun
+  _skim_in(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun a)
  {
    if ( 0 == a ) {
      return a;
@ -16,8 +12,8 @@
    else if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
    } else {
-      u3_noun hoz = u3n_slam_on(u3k(b), u3k(u3h(a)));
-      u3_noun vyr = u3qb_skim(u3t(a), b);
+      u3_noun hoz = u3j_gate_slam(sit_u, u3k(u3h(a)));
+      u3_noun vyr = _skim_in(sit_u, u3t(a));

      switch ( hoz ) {
        case c3y:  return u3nc(u3k(u3h(a)), vyr);
@ -28,9 +24,22 @@
      }
    }
  }
+
+/* functions
+*/
  u3_noun
-  u3wb_skim(
-                   u3_noun cor)
+  u3qb_skim(u3_noun a,
+            u3_noun b)
+  {
+    u3_noun pro;
+    u3j_site sit_u;
+    u3j_gate_prep(&sit_u, u3k(b));
+    pro = _skim_in(&sit_u, a);
+    u3j_gate_lose(&sit_u);
+    return pro;
+  }
+  u3_noun
+  u3wb_skim(u3_noun cor)
  {
    u3_noun a, b;

--- a/jets/b/skip.c
+++ b/jets/b/skip.c
@ -3,12 +3,8 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

-
-/* functions
-*/
-  u3_noun
-  u3qb_skip(u3_noun a,
-            u3_noun b)
+  static u3_noun
+  _skip_in(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun a)
  {
    if ( 0 == a ) {
      return a;
@ -16,8 +12,8 @@
    else if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
      return u3_none;
    } else {
-      u3_noun hoz = u3n_slam_on(u3k(b), u3k(u3h(a)));
-      u3_noun vyr = u3qb_skip(u3t(a), b);
+      u3_noun hoz = u3j_gate_slam(sit_u, u3k(u3h(a)));
+      u3_noun vyr = _skip_in(sit_u, u3t(a));

      switch ( hoz ) {
        case c3y:  return vyr;
@ -28,6 +24,20 @@
      }
    }
  }
+
+/* functions
+*/
+  u3_noun
+  u3qb_skip(u3_noun a,
+            u3_noun b)
+  {
+    u3j_site sit_u;
+    u3_noun  pro;
+    u3j_gate_prep(&sit_u, u3k(b));
+    pro = _skip_in(&sit_u, a);
+    u3j_gate_lose(&sit_u);
+    return pro;
+  }
  u3_noun
  u3wb_skip(u3_noun cor)
  {
--- a/jets/b/turn.c
+++ b/jets/b/turn.c
@ -3,25 +3,33 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

+  static u3_noun
+  _turn_in(u3j_site* sit_u, u3_noun a)
+  {
+    if ( u3_nul == a ) {
+      return u3_nul;
+    }
+    else {
+      return u3nc(
+          u3j_gate_slam(sit_u, u3k(u3h(a))),
+          _turn_in(sit_u, u3t(a)));
+    }
+  }

 /* functions
 */
  u3_noun
  u3qb_turn(u3_noun a, u3_noun b)
  {
-    if ( 0 == a ) {
-      return a;
-    }
-    else if ( c3n == u3du(a) ) {
-      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
-    }
-    else {
-      u3_noun one = u3n_slam_on(u3k(b), u3k(u3h(a)));
-      u3_noun two = u3qb_turn(u3t(a), b);
+    u3_noun  pro;
+    u3j_site sit_u;

-      return u3nc(one, two);
-    }
+    u3j_gate_prep(&sit_u, u3k(b));
+    pro = _turn_in(&sit_u, a);
+    u3j_gate_lose(&sit_u);
+    return pro;
  }
+
  u3_noun
  u3wb_turn(u3_noun cor)
  {
--- a/jets/c/met.c
+++ b/jets/c/met.c
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
      if ( !_(u3a_is_cat(met_w)) ) {
        return u3i_words(1, &met_w);
      }
-      else return u3r_met(a, b);
+      else return met_w;
    }
  }
  u3_noun
--- a/jets/c/mix.c
+++ b/jets/c/mix.c
@ -48,4 +48,11 @@
      return u3qc_mix(a, b);
    }
  }
-
+  u3_noun
+  u3kc_mix(u3_atom a,
+           u3_atom b)
+  {
+    u3_noun res = u3qc_mix(a, b);
+    u3z(a); u3z(b);
+    return res;
+  }
--- a/jets/c/rep.c
+++ b/jets/c/rep.c
@ -84,4 +84,11 @@
      return pro;
    }
  }
-
+  u3_noun
+  u3kc_rep(u3_atom a,
+           u3_noun b)
+  {
+    u3_noun res = u3qc_rep(a, b);
+    u3z(a); u3z(b);
+    return res;
+  }
--- a/jets/c/rev.c
+++ b/jets/c/rev.c
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/* j/3/rev.c
+**
+*/
+#include "all.h"
+
+/* functions
+*/
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3qc_rev(u3_atom boz,
+           u3_atom len,
+           u3_atom dat)
+  {
+    if ( !_(u3a_is_cat(boz)) || (boz >= 32) ||
+         !_(u3a_is_cat(len)) ) {
+      return u3m_bail(c3__fail);
+    }
+
+    dat = u3qc_end(boz, len, dat);
+    c3_w met = u3r_met(boz, dat);
+    return u3kc_lsh(boz, (len - met), u3kc_swp(boz, dat));
+  }
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3wc_rev(u3_noun cor)
+  {
+    u3_noun boz, len, dat;
+
+    if ( (c3n == u3r_mean(cor, u3x_sam_2, &boz,
+                               u3x_sam_6, &len,
+                               u3x_sam_7, &dat, 0)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(boz)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(len)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(dat)) )
+    {
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    } else {
+      return u3qc_rev(boz, len, dat);
+    }
+  }
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3kc_rev(u3_atom boz,
+           u3_atom len,
+           u3_atom dat)
+  {
+    u3_noun res = u3qc_rev(boz, len, dat);
+    u3z(boz); u3z(len); u3z(dat);
+    return res;
+  }
--- a/jets/c/rip.c
+++ b/jets/c/rip.c
@ -81,3 +81,12 @@
      return u3qc_rip(a, b);
    }
  }
+  u3_noun
+  u3kc_rip(u3_atom a,
+           u3_atom b)
+  {
+    u3_noun res = u3qc_rip(a, b);
+
+    u3z(a); u3z(b);
+    return res;
+  }
--- a/jets/c/swp.c
+++ b/jets/c/swp.c
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* j/3/swp.c
+**
+*/
+#include "all.h"
+
+/* functions
+*/
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3qc_swp(u3_atom a,
+           u3_atom b)
+  {
+    //XX write a proper c-style swp, maybe
+    return u3kc_rep(u3k(a), u3kb_flop(u3qc_rip(a, b)));
+  }
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3wc_swp(u3_noun cor)
+  {
+    u3_noun a, b;
+
+    if ( (c3n == u3r_mean(cor, u3x_sam_2, &a, u3x_sam_3, &b, 0)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(a)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(b)) )
+    {
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    } else {
+      return u3qc_swp(a, b);
+    }
+  }
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3kc_swp(u3_atom a,
+           u3_atom b)
+  {
+    u3_noun res = u3qc_swp(a, b);
+    u3z(a); u3z(b);
+    return res;
+  }
--- a/jets/c/xeb.c
+++ b/jets/c/xeb.c
@ -9,22 +9,12 @@
  u3_noun
  u3qc_xeb(u3_atom a)
  {
-    mpz_t a_mp;
+    c3_w met_w = u3r_met(0, a);

-    if ( __(u3a_is_dog(a)) ) {
-      u3r_mp(a_mp, a);
-      c3_d x = mpz_sizeinbase(a_mp, 2);
-      mpz_t b_mp;
-      mpz_init_set_ui(b_mp, x);
-      return u3i_mp(b_mp);
-    }
-    else {
-      mpz_init_set_ui(a_mp, a);
-      c3_d x = mpz_sizeinbase(a_mp, 2);
-      mpz_t b_mp;
-      mpz_init_set_ui(b_mp, x);
-      return u3i_mp(b_mp);
+    if ( !_(u3a_is_cat(met_w)) ) {
+      return u3i_words(1, &met_w);
    }
+    else return met_w;
  }
  u3_noun
  u3wc_xeb(u3_noun cor)
--- a/jets/d/by_bif.c
+++ b/jets/d/by_bif.c
@ -5,6 +5,7 @@

 /* internal functions
 */
+  static
  u3_noun _b_bif_putroot(u3_noun a,
                         u3_noun b)
  {
--- a/jets/d/by_dif.c
+++ b/jets/d/by_dif.c
@ -5,6 +5,7 @@

 /* internal functions
 */
+  static
  u3_noun _b_dif_join(u3_noun d,
                      u3_noun e)
  {
--- a/jets/d/in_bif.c
+++ b/jets/d/in_bif.c
@ -5,6 +5,7 @@

 /* internal functions
 */
+  static
  u3_noun _i_bif_putroot(u3_noun a,
                         u3_noun b)
  {
--- a/jets/d/in_dif.c
+++ b/jets/d/in_dif.c
@ -5,6 +5,7 @@

 /* internal functions
 */
+  static
  u3_noun _i_dif_join(u3_noun d,
                      u3_noun e)
  {
--- a/jets/e/argon2.c
+++ b/jets/e/argon2.c
@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/* j/5/argon2.c
+**
+*/
+#include "all.h"
+
+#include <argon2.h>
+
+/* helpers
+*/
+
+  int argon2_alloc(uint8_t** output, size_t bytes)
+  {
+    *output = u3a_malloc(bytes);
+    return (NULL != output);
+  }
+
+  void argon2_free(uint8_t* memory, size_t bytes)
+  {
+    u3a_free(memory);
+  }
+
+/* functions
+*/
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3qe_argon2( // configuration params,
+               u3_atom out, u3_atom type, u3_atom version,
+               u3_atom threads, u3_atom mem_cost, u3_atom time_cost,
+               u3_atom wik, u3_atom key, u3_atom wix, u3_atom extra,
+               // input params
+               u3_atom wid, u3_atom dat, u3_atom wis, u3_atom sat )
+  {
+    c3_assert( _(u3a_is_cat(out)) && _(u3a_is_cat(type)) &&
+               _(u3a_is_cat(version)) && _(u3a_is_cat(threads)) &&
+               _(u3a_is_cat(mem_cost)) && _(u3a_is_cat(time_cost)) &&
+               _(u3a_is_cat(wik)) && _(u3a_is_cat(wix)) &&
+               _(u3a_is_cat(wid)) && _(u3a_is_cat(wis)) );
+
+    // flip endianness for argon2
+    key = u3qc_rev(3, wik, key);
+    extra = u3qc_rev(3, wix, extra);
+    dat = u3qc_rev(3, wid, dat);
+    sat = u3qc_rev(3, wis, sat);
+
+    // atoms to byte arrays
+    c3_y bytes_key[wik];
+    u3r_bytes(0, wik, bytes_key, key);
+    c3_y bytes_extra[wix];
+    u3r_bytes(0, wix, bytes_extra, extra);
+    c3_y bytes_dat[wid];
+    u3r_bytes(0, wid, bytes_dat, dat);
+    c3_y bytes_sat[wis];
+    u3r_bytes(0, wis, bytes_sat, sat);
+
+    c3_y outhash[out];
+    argon2_context context = {
+      outhash,             // output array, at least [digest length] in size
+      out,                 // digest length
+      bytes_dat,           // password array
+      wid,                 // password length
+      bytes_sat,           // salt array
+      wis,                 // salt length
+      bytes_key, wik,      // optional secret data
+      bytes_extra, wix,    // optional associated data
+      time_cost, mem_cost, threads, threads, // performance cost configuration
+      version,             // algorithm version
+      argon2_alloc,        // custom memory allocation function
+      argon2_free,         // custom memory deallocation function
+      ARGON2_DEFAULT_FLAGS // by default only internal memory is cleared
+    };
+
+    int argon_res;
+    switch ( type ) {
+      default:
+        fprintf(stderr, "\nunjetted argon2 variant %i\n", type);
+        u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+        break;
+      //
+      case c3__d:
+        argon_res = argon2d_ctx(&context);
+        break;
+      //
+      case c3__i:
+        argon_res = argon2i_ctx(&context);
+        break;
+      //
+      case c3__id:
+        argon_res = argon2id_ctx(&context);
+        break;
+      //
+      case c3__u:
+        argon_res = argon2u_ctx(&context);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if ( ARGON2_OK != argon_res ) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "\nargon2 error: %s\n", argon2_error_message(argon_res));
+      u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+
+    u3z(key); u3z(extra); u3z(dat); u3z(sat);
+    return u3kc_rev(3, out, u3i_bytes(out, outhash));
+  }
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3we_argon2(u3_noun cor)
+  {
+    u3_noun // configuration params
+            out, type, version,
+            threads, mem_cost, time_cost,
+            wik, key, wix, extra,
+            // input params
+            wid, dat, wis, sat,
+            // for use during unpacking
+            wmsg, wsat, arg, brg, wkey, wext;
+
+    // the hoon code for argon2 takes configuration parameters,
+    // and then produces a gate. we jet that inner gate.
+    // this does mean that the config params have gotten buried
+    // pretty deep in the subject, hence the +510.
+    if ( c3n == u3r_mean(cor, u3x_sam_2, &wmsg,
+                              u3x_sam_3, &wsat,
+                              510, &arg, 0) ||
+                u3r_cell(wmsg, &wid, &dat) || u3ud(wid) || u3ud(dat) ||
+                u3r_cell(wsat, &wis, &sat) || u3ud(wis) || u3ud(sat) ||
+                //
+                u3r_qual(arg, &out, &type, &version, &brg) ||
+                u3ud(out) || u3ud(type) || u3ud(version) ||
+                //
+                u3r_qual(brg, &threads, &mem_cost, &time_cost, &arg) ||
+                u3ud(threads) || u3ud(mem_cost) || u3ud(time_cost) ||
+                //
+                u3r_cell(arg, &wkey, &wext) ||
+                u3r_cell(wkey, &wik, &key) || u3ud(wik) || u3ud(key) ||
+                u3r_cell(wext, &wix, &extra) || u3ud(wix) || u3ud(extra)
+       )
+    {
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+    else {
+      return u3qe_argon2(out, type, version,
+                         threads, mem_cost, time_cost,
+                         wik, key, wix, extra,
+                         wid, dat, wis, sat);
+    }
+  }
--- a/jets/e/blake.c
+++ b/jets/e/blake.c
@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/* j/5/blake.c
+**
+*/
+#include "all.h"
+
+#include <argon2.h>
+#include "../src/blake2/blake2.h"
+
+/* functions
+*/
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3qe_blake(u3_atom wid, u3_atom dat,
+             u3_atom wik, u3_atom dak,
+             u3_atom out)
+  {
+    c3_assert(_(u3a_is_cat(wid)) && _(u3a_is_cat(wik)) && _(u3a_is_cat(out)));
+
+    // flip endianness for the internal blake2b function
+    dat = u3qc_rev(3, wid, dat);
+    dak = u3qc_rev(3, wik, dak);
+
+    c3_y* dat_y = (c3_y*)u3a_malloc(wid);
+    u3r_bytes(0, wid, (void*)dat_y, dat);
+
+    c3_y* dak_y = (c3_y*)u3a_malloc(wik);
+    u3r_bytes(0, wik, (void*)dak_y, dak);
+
+    int ret;
+    c3_y out_y[64];
+    ret = blake2b(out_y,  // OUT: output
+                  out,    // IN: max output size
+                  dat_y,  // IN: msg body
+                  wid,    // IN: msg len
+                  dak_y,  // IN: key body
+                  wik);   // IN: key len
+
+    /* free() BEFORE checking error code;
+       we don't want to leak memory if we return early
+    */
+    u3a_free(dat_y);
+    u3a_free(dak_y);
+
+    if ( 0 != ret )
+    {
+      fprintf(stderr, "\rblake jet: cryto lib error\n");
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+
+    return u3kc_rev(3, out, u3i_bytes(out, out_y));
+  }
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3we_blake(u3_noun cor)
+  {
+    u3_noun msg, key, out, // arguments
+            wid, dat,      // destructured msg
+            wik, dak;      // destructured key
+
+    if ( c3n == u3r_mean(cor, u3x_sam_2, &msg,
+                              u3x_sam_6, &key,
+                              u3x_sam_7, &out, 0) ||
+                u3r_cell(msg, &wid, &dat) || u3ud(wid) || u3ud(dat) ||
+                u3r_cell(key, &wik, &dak) || u3ud(wik) || u3ud(dak) ||
+                u3ud(out) )
+    {
+      fprintf(stderr, "\rblake jet: arguments error\n");
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    } else {
+      return u3qe_blake(wid, dat, wik, dak, out);
+    }
+  }
--- a/jets/e/ed_sign.c
+++ b/jets/e/ed_sign.c
@ -27,14 +27,14 @@
    memset(pub_y, 0, 64);
    memset(sec_y, 0, 64);

-    mes_y = malloc(mesm_w);
+    mes_y = u3a_malloc(mesm_w);

    u3r_bytes(0, mesm_w, mes_y, a);
    u3r_bytes(0, mess_w, sed_y, b);

    ed25519_create_keypair(pub_y, sec_y, sed_y);
    ed25519_sign(sig_y, mes_y, mesm_w, pub_y, sec_y);
-    free(mes_y);
+    u3a_free(mes_y);
    return u3i_bytes(64, sig_y);
  }

--- a/jets/e/hmac.c
+++ b/jets/e/hmac.c
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/* j/5/hmac.c
+**
+*/
+#include "all.h"
+
+/* functions
+*/
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3qe_hmac(u3_noun haj,
+            u3_atom boq,
+            u3_atom out,
+            u3_atom wik,
+            u3_atom key,
+            u3_atom wid,
+            u3_atom dat)
+  {
+    c3_assert(_(u3a_is_cat(boq)) && _(u3a_is_cat(wik)) && _(u3a_is_cat(wid)));
+
+    // ensure key and message fit signaled lengths
+    key = u3qc_end(3, wik, key);
+    dat = u3qc_end(3, wid, dat);
+
+    // keys longer than block size are shortened by hashing
+    if (wik > boq) {
+      key = u3n_slam_on(u3k(haj), u3nc(wik, key));
+      wik = out;
+    }
+
+    // keys shorter than block size are right-padded
+    if (wik < boq) {
+      key = u3kc_lsh(3, (boq - wik), key);
+    }
+
+    // pad key, inner and outer
+    c3_y trail = (boq % 4);
+    c3_y padwords = (boq / 4) + (trail == 0 ? 0 : 1);
+    c3_w innpad[padwords], outpad[padwords];
+    memset(innpad, 0x36, padwords * 4);
+    memset(outpad, 0x5c, padwords * 4);
+    if ( trail > 0 ) {
+      innpad[padwords-1] = 0x36363636 >> (8 * (4 - trail));
+      outpad[padwords-1] = 0x5c5c5c5c >> (8 * (4 - trail));
+    }
+    u3_atom innkey = u3kc_mix(u3k(key), u3i_words(padwords, innpad));
+    u3_atom outkey = u3kc_mix(    key , u3i_words(padwords, outpad));
+
+    // append inner padding to message, then hash
+    u3_atom innmsg = u3ka_add(u3kc_lsh(3, wid, innkey), u3k(dat));
+    u3_atom innhaj = u3n_slam_on(u3k(haj), u3nc((wid + boq), innmsg));
+
+    // prepend outer padding to result, hash again
+    u3_atom outmsg = u3ka_add(u3kc_lsh(3, out, outkey), innhaj);
+    u3_atom outhaj = u3n_slam_on(u3k(haj), u3nc((out + boq), outmsg));
+
+    return outhaj;
+  }
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3we_hmac(u3_noun cor)
+  {
+    u3_noun haj, boq, out, wik, key, wid, dat;
+
+    // sample is [[haj boq out] [wik key] [wid dat]]
+    if ( (c3n == u3r_mean(cor, u3x_sam_4,  &haj,
+                               50,         &boq, // +<->-
+                               51,         &out, // +<->+
+                               u3x_sam_12, &wik,
+                               u3x_sam_13, &key,
+                               u3x_sam_14, &wid,
+                               u3x_sam_15, &dat, 0)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(boq)) ||
+         (c3n == u3a_is_cat(boq)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(out)) ||
+         (c3n == u3a_is_cat(out)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(wik)) ||
+         (c3n == u3a_is_cat(wik)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(key)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(wid)) ||
+         (c3n == u3a_is_cat(wid)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(dat)) )
+    {
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+    else {
+      return u3qe_hmac(haj, boq, out, wik, key, wid, dat);
+    }
+  }
--- a/jets/e/jam.c
+++ b/jets/e/jam.c
@ -3,123 +3,166 @@
 */
 #include "all.h"

+typedef struct {
+  c3_w  a_w;
+  c3_w  b_w;
+  c3_w  bit_w;
+  c3_w* wor_w;
+} _jam_buf;
+
+static void
+_jam_buf_grow(_jam_buf* buf_u, c3_w mor_w)
+{
+  c3_w wan_w = buf_u->bit_w + mor_w;
+
+  if ( wan_w < mor_w ) {
+    // overflowed c3_w bits
+    u3m_bail(c3__fail);
+  }
+
+  if ( wan_w > buf_u->a_w ) {
+    c3_w old_w, new_w, c_w = 0;
+
+    old_w = buf_u->a_w >> 5;
+    if ( (old_w << 5) != buf_u->a_w ) {
+      ++old_w;
+    }
+
+    // fibonacci growth
+    while ( c_w < wan_w ) {
+      c_w        = buf_u->a_w + buf_u->b_w;
+      buf_u->b_w = buf_u->a_w;
+      buf_u->a_w = c_w;
+    }
+
+    new_w = c_w >> 5;
+    if ( (new_w << 5) != c_w ) {
+      ++new_w;
+    }
+
+    buf_u->wor_w = u3a_wealloc(buf_u->wor_w, new_w);
+    memset(buf_u->wor_w + old_w, 0, (new_w - old_w) * sizeof(c3_w));
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+_jam_buf_chop(_jam_buf* buf_u, c3_w met_w, u3_noun a)
+{
+  c3_w bit_w = buf_u->bit_w;
+  _jam_buf_grow(buf_u, met_w);
+  u3r_chop(0, 0, met_w, bit_w, buf_u->wor_w, a);
+  buf_u->bit_w += met_w;
+}
+
+static void
+_jam_buf_atom(_jam_buf* buf_u, u3_noun a)
+{
+  if ( 0 == a ) {
+    _jam_buf_chop(buf_u, 1, 1);
+  }
+  else {
+    c3_w b_w   = u3r_met(0, a),
+         c_w   = u3r_met(0, b_w);
+    c3_assert(c_w <= 32);
+    _jam_buf_chop(buf_u, c_w+1, 1 << c_w);
+    _jam_buf_chop(buf_u, c_w-1, b_w & ((1 << (c_w-1)) - 1));
+    _jam_buf_chop(buf_u, b_w, a);
+  }
+}

 /* functions
 */
-  static u3_noun
-  _jam_in(u3p(u3h_root) har_p, u3_atom, u3_atom, u3_noun);
-
-  static u3_noun
-  _jam_in_pair(u3p(u3h_root) har_p,
-               u3_atom       h_a,
-               u3_atom       t_a,
-               u3_atom       b,
-               u3_noun       l)
+  /* u3qe_jam_buf(): jam without atom allocation. returns
+   *                 atom-suitable words, and *bit_w will
+   *                 have the length (in bits). return should
+   *                 be freed with u3a_wfree().
+   */
+  c3_w*
+  u3qe_jam_buf(u3_noun a, c3_w* bit_w)
  {
-    u3_noun w = u3nc(u3nc(2, 1), u3k(l));
-    u3_noun x = u3qa_add(2, b);
-    u3_noun d = _jam_in(har_p, h_a, x, w);
-    u3_noun p_d, q_d, r_d;
-    u3_noun r;
+    u3p(u3h_root) har_p = u3h_new();
+    c3_o          nor_o = u3a_is_north(u3R);
+    c3_y          wis_y = c3_wiseof(u3_noun);
+    c3_ys         mov   = ( c3y == nor_o ? -wis_y : wis_y );
+    c3_ys         off   = ( c3y == nor_o ? 0 : -wis_y );
+    u3_noun*      top, *don = u3to(u3_noun, u3R->cap_p + off);
+    u3_weak       c;
+    c3_o          cel_o;
+    c3_w          len_w;
+    _jam_buf      buf_u;

-    u3r_trel(d, &p_d, &q_d, &r_d);
-    {
-      u3_noun y = u3qa_add(x, p_d);
-      u3_noun e = _jam_in(har_p, t_a, y, q_d);
-      u3_noun p_e, q_e, r_e;
-
-      u3r_trel(e, &p_e, &q_e, &r_e);
-      {
-        u3_noun z = u3qa_add(p_d, p_e);
-
-        r = u3nt(u3qa_add(2, z), u3k(q_e), 0);
-
-        u3z(z);
-      }
-      u3z(e);
-      u3z(y);
+    buf_u.a_w   = 144;  // fib(12) is small enough to be reasonably fast to allocate.
+    buf_u.b_w   = 89;   // fib(11) is needed to get fib(13).
+    len_w       = buf_u.a_w >> 5;
+    if ( (len_w << 5) != buf_u.a_w ) {
+      ++len_w;
    }
-    u3z(d);
-    u3z(x);
-    u3z(w);
+    buf_u.wor_w = u3a_walloc(len_w);
+    buf_u.bit_w = 0;
+    memset(buf_u.wor_w, 0, len_w * sizeof(c3_w));

-    return r;
-  }
+    u3R->cap_p += mov;
+    top         = u3to(u3_noun, u3R->cap_p + off);
+    *top        = a;

-  static u3_noun
-  _jam_in_flat(u3p(u3h_root) har_p,
-               u3_atom       a,
-               u3_noun       l)
-  {
-    u3_noun d = u3qe_mat(a);
-    u3_noun x = u3qa_add(1, u3h(d));
-    u3_noun y = u3nt
-      (u3k(x), u3nc(u3nc(x, u3qc_lsh(0, 1, u3t(d))), u3k(l)), 0);
-
-    u3z(d);
-
-    return y;
-  }
-
-  static u3_noun
-  _jam_in_ptr(u3p(u3h_root) har_p,
-              u3_atom       u_c,
-              u3_noun       l)
-  {
-    u3_noun d = u3qe_mat(u_c);
-    u3_atom x = u3qc_lsh(0, 2, u3t(d));
-    u3_atom y = u3qa_add(2, u3h(d));
-    u3_noun z = u3nt
-      (u3k(y), u3nc(u3nc(y, u3qc_mix(3, x)), u3k(l)), 0);
-
-    u3z(d);
-    u3z(x);
-
-    return z;
-  }
-
-  static u3_noun
-  _jam_in(u3p(u3h_root) har_p,
-          u3_noun       a,
-          u3_atom       b,
-          u3_noun       l)
-  {
-    u3_noun c = u3h_get(har_p, a);
-    u3_noun x;
-
-    if ( u3_none == c ) {
-        u3h_put(har_p, a, u3k(b));
-
-      if ( c3y == u3ud(a) ) {
-        x = _jam_in_flat(har_p, a, l);
-      } else {
-        x = _jam_in_pair(har_p, u3h(a), u3t(a), b, l);
-      }
-    }
-    else {
-      if ( c3y == u3ud(a) && u3r_met(0, a) <= u3r_met(0, c) ) {
-        x = _jam_in_flat(har_p, a, l);
+    while ( top != don ) {
+      a     = *top;
+      cel_o = u3du(a);
+      c     = u3h_git(har_p, a);
+      if ( u3_none != c ) {
+        if ( c3y == cel_o ) {
+            _jam_buf_chop(&buf_u, 2, 3);
+            _jam_buf_atom(&buf_u, c);
+        }
+        else {
+          if ( u3r_met(0, a) <= u3r_met(0, c) ) {
+            _jam_buf_chop(&buf_u, 1, 0);
+            _jam_buf_atom(&buf_u, a);
+          }
+          else {
+            _jam_buf_chop(&buf_u, 2, 3);
+            _jam_buf_atom(&buf_u, c);
+          }
+        }
+        u3R->cap_p -= mov;
+        top = u3to(u3_noun, u3R->cap_p + off);
      }
      else {
-        x = _jam_in_ptr(har_p, c, l);
+        u3h_put(har_p, a, buf_u.bit_w);
+        if ( c3n == cel_o ) {
+          _jam_buf_chop(&buf_u, 1, 0);
+          _jam_buf_atom(&buf_u, a);
+          u3R->cap_p -= mov;
+          top = u3to(u3_noun, u3R->cap_p + off);
+        }
+        else {
+          _jam_buf_chop(&buf_u, 2, 1);
+          *top         = u3t(a);
+
+          u3R->cap_p  += mov;
+          top          = u3to(u3_noun, u3R->cap_p + off);
+          *top         = u3h(a);
+        }
      }
    }
-    return x;
-  }

+    *bit_w = buf_u.bit_w;
+    u3h_free(har_p);
+    return buf_u.wor_w;
+  }
  u3_noun
  u3qe_jam(u3_atom a)
  {
-    u3p(u3h_root) har_p = u3h_new();
-
-    u3_noun x = _jam_in(har_p, a, 0, u3_nul);
-    u3_noun q = u3qb_flop(u3h(u3t(x)));
-    u3_noun r = u3qc_can(0, q);
-
-    u3z(x);
-    u3z(q);
-    u3h_free(har_p);
-    return r;
+    c3_w  bit_w, *sal_w;
+    c3_w* wor_w = u3qe_jam_buf(a, &bit_w);
+    c3_w  len_w = bit_w >> 5;
+    if ( (len_w << 5) != bit_w ) {
+      ++len_w;
+    }
+    sal_w = u3a_slab(len_w);
+    memcpy(sal_w, wor_w, len_w*sizeof(c3_w));
+    u3a_wfree(wor_w);
+    return u3a_moot(sal_w);
  }
  u3_noun
  u3we_jam(u3_noun cor)
--- a/jets/e/mule.c
+++ b/jets/e/mule.c
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
    }
    else {
-      u3_noun hok = u3j_hook(u3k(cor), "mute");
+      u3_noun hok = u3j_cook("u3we_mule-mute", u3k(cor), "mute");

      /* this takes advantage of the fact that mute's result, at the typeless
       * C/Nock level, is identical to what a typed mule would produce,
--- a/jets/e/parse.c
+++ b/jets/e/parse.c
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@

 /* bend
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_bend_fun(u3_noun raq,
                u3_noun vex,
                u3_noun sab)
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@

 /* cold
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_cold_fun(u3_noun cus,
                u3_noun sef,
                u3_noun tub)
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@

 /* cook
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_cook_fun(u3_noun poq,
                u3_noun sef,
                u3_noun tub)
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@

 /* comp
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_comp_fun(u3_noun raq,
                u3_noun vex,
                u3_noun sab)
@ -301,7 +301,7 @@

 /* easy
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_easy_fun(u3_noun huf,
                u3_noun tub)
  {
@ -313,8 +313,9 @@
                u3k(huf),
                u3k(tub));
  }
+
  u3_noun
-u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)
+  u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)
  {
    u3_noun van, huf, tub;

@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)

 /* glue
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_glue_fun(u3_noun bus,
                u3_noun vex,
                u3_noun sab)
@ -406,7 +407,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)

 /* here
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_here_fun(u3_noun hez,
                u3_noun sef,
                u3_noun tub)
@ -462,7 +463,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)

 /* just
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_just_fun(u3_noun daf,
                u3_noun tub)
  {
@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)

 /* mask
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_mask_fun(u3_noun bud,
                u3_noun tub)
  {
@ -536,7 +537,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)
  }
 /* pfix
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_pfix(u3_noun vex,
            u3_noun sab)
  {
@ -577,7 +578,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)

 /* plug
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_plug(u3_noun vex,
            u3_noun sab)
  {
@ -668,7 +669,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)

 /* sfix
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_sfix(u3_noun vex,
            u3_noun sab)
  {
@ -722,7 +723,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)

 /* shim
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_shim_fun(u3_noun zep,
                u3_noun tub)
  {
@ -768,7 +769,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)

 /* stag
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_stag_fun(u3_noun gob,
                u3_noun sef,
                u3_noun tub)
@ -840,7 +841,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)
    }
  }

-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_stew_fun(u3_noun hel,
                u3_noun tub)
  {
@ -911,7 +912,7 @@ u3we_easy_fun(u3_noun cor)

 /* stir
 */
-  u3_noun
+  static u3_noun
  _cqe_stir_fun(u3_noun rud,
                u3_noun raq,
                u3_noun fel,
--- a/jets/e/rd.c
+++ b/jets/e/rd.c
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 **
 */
 #include "all.h"
-#include "softfloat.h"
+#include <softfloat.h>

 #define DOUBNAN 0x7ff8000000000000

--- a/jets/e/rh.c
+++ b/jets/e/rh.c
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 **
 */
 #include "all.h"
-#include "softfloat.h"
+#include <softfloat.h>

 #define HALFNAN 0x7e00

@ -151,8 +151,8 @@
 /* div
 */
  u3_noun
-  u3qes_div(u3_atom a, 
-            u3_atom b, 
+  u3qes_div(u3_atom a,
+            u3_atom b,
            u3_atom r)
  {
    union half c, d, e;
@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
 /* sqt
 */
  u3_noun
-  u3qes_sqt(u3_atom a, 
+  u3qes_sqt(u3_atom a,
            u3_atom r)
  {
    union half c, d;
--- a/jets/e/ripe.c
+++ b/jets/e/ripe.c
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/* j/5/ripe.c
+**
+*/
+#include "all.h"
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+
+/* functions
+*/
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3qe_ripe(u3_atom wid, u3_atom dat)
+  {
+    c3_assert(_(u3a_is_cat(wid)));
+    dat = u3qc_rev(3, wid, dat);
+
+    c3_y* dat_y = (c3_y*)u3a_malloc(wid);  // msg body
+    u3r_bytes(0, wid, (void*)dat_y, dat);
+
+    const EVP_MD* rip_u = EVP_ripemd160(); // ripem algorithm
+    static EVP_MD_CTX* con_u = NULL;       // context
+
+    /* build library context object
+       we do this once (and only once)
+    */
+
+    if (NULL == con_u) {
+      con_u = EVP_MD_CTX_create();
+    }
+
+    /* perform signature
+    */
+
+    c3_y sib_y[20]; // signature body
+    c3_w sil_w;     // signature length
+    c3_w ret_w;     // return code
+
+    ret_w = EVP_DigestInit_ex(con_u, rip_u, NULL);
+    if ( 1 != ret_w ) {
+      u3a_free(dat_y);
+      fprintf(stderr, "\rripe jet: crypto library fail 1\n");
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+
+    ret_w = EVP_DigestUpdate(con_u, (void*)dat_y, wid);
+    u3a_free(dat_y);
+    if (1 != ret_w) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "\rripe jet: crypto library fail 2\n");
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+
+    ret_w = EVP_DigestFinal_ex(con_u, sib_y, &sil_w);
+    if ( 1 != ret_w ) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "\rripe jet: crypto library fail 3\n");
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+
+    /* endian conversion;
+       turn into noun for return
+    */
+    return u3kc_rev(3, sil_w, u3i_bytes(sil_w, sib_y));
+  }
+
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3we_ripe(u3_noun cor)
+  {
+    u3_noun wid, dat;
+
+    if ( (c3n == u3r_mean(cor, u3x_sam_2, &wid,
+                               u3x_sam_3, &dat, 0) ||
+                 u3ud(wid) || u3ud(dat))
+       )
+    {
+      fprintf(stderr, "\rripe jet: argument error\n");
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+    else {
+      return u3qe_ripe(wid, dat);
+    }
+  }
--- a/jets/e/rq.c
+++ b/jets/e/rq.c
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 **
 */
 #include "all.h"
-#include "softfloat.h"
+#include <softfloat.h>

 #define QUADNAN 0x7fff800000000000

--- a/jets/e/rs.c
+++ b/jets/e/rs.c
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 **
 */
 #include "all.h"
-#include "softfloat.h"
+#include <softfloat.h>

 #define SINGNAN 0x7fc00000

@ -151,8 +151,8 @@
 /* div
 */
  u3_noun
-  u3qet_div(u3_atom a, 
-            u3_atom b, 
+  u3qet_div(u3_atom a,
+            u3_atom b,
            u3_atom r)
  {
    union sing c, d, e;
@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
 /* sqt
 */
  u3_noun
-  u3qet_sqt(u3_atom a, 
+  u3qet_sqt(u3_atom a,
            u3_atom r)
  {
    union sing c, d;
--- a/jets/e/secp.c
+++ b/jets/e/secp.c
@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+        /* j/5/secp.c
+**
+*/
+#include "all.h"
+#include "../include/secp256k1.h"
+#include "../include/secp256k1_recovery.h"
+
+/* util funcs
+ */
+
+/* no guarantees if 'in' and 'out' overlap / are the same */
+static void byte_reverse(c3_y *i_y,  /* in */
+                         c3_y *o_y,  /* out */
+                         c3_w  n_w)   /* size */
+{
+  c3_w j_w;
+  for (j_w = 0; j_w < n_w; j_w++){
+    o_y[n_w - 1 - j_w] = i_y[j_w];
+  }
+
+  return;
+}
+
+/* Identical to u3r_bytes, but reverses bytes in place.
+   could be cleaner if we modified u3r_bytes(), but not gonna do that.
+  
+   This func exists bc Urbit code base is explicitly little-endian,
+   and secp256k1 library is explicitly big-endian.
+  
+   Several times below we do the pattern of (1) invoke u3r_bytes, (2) invert. Do it in a func.
+*/
+
+
+static void u3r_bytes_reverse(c3_w    a_w,
+                              c3_w    b_w,
+                              c3_y*   c_y,  /* out */
+                              u3_atom d)    /* in */
+{
+  u3r_bytes(a_w, b_w, c_y, d);
+  c3_w i_w;
+  for (i_w = 0; i_w < ((b_w - a_w) / 2) ; i_w++) {
+    c3_y lo = c_y[i_w];
+    c3_y hi = c_y[b_w - i_w - 1];
+    c_y[i_w] = hi;
+    c_y[b_w - i_w - 1] = lo;
+  }
+
+  return;
+}
+
+
+/* sign hash with priv key
+ */
+
+u3_noun
+u3we_sign(u3_noun cor)
+{
+  
+  u3_noun has, prv;
+  
+  if ( (c3n == u3r_mean(cor,
+                        u3x_sam_2,  &has,
+                        u3x_sam_3,  &prv,
+                        0)) ||
+       (c3n == u3ud(has)) ||
+       (c3n == u3ud(prv))) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\rsecp jet: crypto package error\n");
+    return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+  } else {
+    return (u3qe_sign(has, prv));
+  }
+}
+
+u3_noun
+u3qe_sign(u3_atom has,  
+          u3_atom prv)  
+{
+  /* build library context object once (and only once) */
+  static secp256k1_context * ctx_u = NULL;
+  if (NULL == ctx_u) {
+    ctx_u = secp256k1_context_create(SECP256K1_CONTEXT_SIGN);
+  } 
+
+  /* parse arguments, convert endianness */
+  c3_y has_y[32];   /* hash */
+  c3_y prv_y[32];   /* private key */
+  u3r_bytes_reverse(0, 32, has_y, has);
+  u3r_bytes_reverse(0, 32, prv_y, prv);
+
+  
+  /* sign
+     N.B. if we want the 'v' field we can't use default secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(), 
+     but must use secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_recoverable() */
+  c3_ws ret;
+  secp256k1_ecdsa_recoverable_signature sig_u;
+  ret = secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_recoverable(ctx_u,                            /* IN: context object */
+                                         & sig_u,                          /* OUT: signature */
+                                         (const c3_y *) has_y,             /* IN: 32 byte hash to be signed */
+                                         (const c3_y *) prv_y,             /* IN: 32 byte secret key */
+                                         (secp256k1_nonce_function) NULL,  /* IN: nonce-function ptr ; NULL = default */
+                                         (const void *) NULL);             /* IN: data for nonce function; not used  */
+  if (1 != ret) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\rsecp jet: crypto package error\n");
+    return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+  }
+
+  /* convert opaque 65 byte signature into v + [r + s] 
+     convert endianness while we're at it */
+  c3_y rec_y[64];  
+  c3_ws v = 0;
+  ret = secp256k1_ecdsa_recoverable_signature_serialize_compact(ctx_u,
+                                                                rec_y,    /* OUT: 64 byte sig (r,s) */
+                                                                & v,      /* OUT: v */
+                                                                & sig_u); /* IN:  65 byte sig */
+  if (1 != ret) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\rsecp jet: crypto package error\n");
+    return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+  }
+
+  c3_y s_y[32];
+  c3_y r_y[32];
+  byte_reverse(rec_y,      r_y, 32);
+  byte_reverse(rec_y + 32, s_y, 32);
+
+  /* package s,r,v signature for return */
+  u3_noun s  = u3i_words(8, (const c3_w*) s_y);
+  u3_noun r  = u3i_words(8, (const c3_w*) r_y);
+  return (u3nt(v, r, s));
+}
+
+
+/* recover pubkey from signature (which is how we verify signatures)  
+*/
+
+u3_noun
+u3we_reco(u3_noun cor)
+{
+  u3_noun has,      /* hash */
+    siv, sir, sis;  /* signature: v, r, s */
+  
+  if ( (c3n == u3r_mean(cor,
+                        u3x_sam_2,   &has,
+                        u3x_sam_6,   &siv,
+                        u3x_sam_14,  &sir,
+                        u3x_sam_15,  &sis,
+                        0)) ||
+       (c3n == u3ud(has)) ||
+       (c3n == u3ud(siv)) ||
+       (c3n == u3ud(sir)) ||
+       (c3n == u3ud(sis)) )
+    {
+      fprintf(stderr, "\rsecp jet: crypto package error\n");
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    } else {
+    return u3qe_reco(has, siv, sir, sis);
+  }
+}
+
+u3_noun
+u3qe_reco(u3_atom has,
+          u3_atom siv,  /* signature: v */
+          u3_atom sir,  /* signature: r */
+          u3_atom sis)  /* signature: s */
+{
+  
+  /* build library context object once (and only once) */
+  static secp256k1_context * ctx_u = NULL;
+  if (NULL == ctx_u) {
+    ctx_u = secp256k1_context_create(SECP256K1_CONTEXT_VERIFY);
+  } 
+
+  /* parse arguments, convert endianness */
+  c3_y has_y[32];
+  c3_y sir_y[32];
+  c3_y sis_y[32];
+  c3_y siv_y[1];
+  u3r_bytes_reverse(0, 32, has_y, has);
+  u3r_bytes_reverse(0, 32, sir_y, sir);
+  u3r_bytes_reverse(0, 32, sis_y, sis);
+  u3r_bytes_reverse(0, 1,  siv_y, siv);
+
+  /* build the signature object */
+  c3_y ras_y[64];  /*  priv key: r and s components */
+  c3_ws i_ws;
+  for (i_ws = 0; i_ws < 32; i_ws++) {
+    ras_y[i_ws] = sir_y[i_ws] ;
+  }
+  for (i_ws = 0; i_ws < 32; i_ws++) {
+    ras_y[i_ws + 32] = sis_y[i_ws] ;
+  }
+
+  c3_ws siv_ws = siv_y[0];
+  secp256k1_ecdsa_recoverable_signature sig_u;
+  memset( (void *)  & sig_u, 0, sizeof(secp256k1_ecdsa_recoverable_signature)  );
+  c3_ws ret = secp256k1_ecdsa_recoverable_signature_parse_compact(ctx_u,     /* IN:  context */
+                                                                  & sig_u,   /* OUT: sig */
+                                                                  ras_y,     /* IN:  r/s */
+                                                                  siv_ws);   /* IN:  v */
+  if (1 != ret) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\rsecp jet: crypto package error\n");
+    return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+  }
+
+  /* turn sign into puk_u */
+  secp256k1_pubkey puk_u;
+  memset((void *) & puk_u, 0, sizeof(secp256k1_pubkey) );  
+  ret = secp256k1_ecdsa_recover(ctx_u,                      /* IN: context */
+                                & puk_u,                     /* OUT: pub key */
+                                & sig_u,                        /* IN: signature */
+                                (const c3_y *) & has);        /* IN: message has */
+
+  if (1 != ret) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\rsecp jet: crypto package error\n");
+    return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+  }
+
+  /* convert puk_u  into serialized form that we can get x,y out of */
+  c3_y puk_y[65];
+  size_t outputlen = 65;
+  memset((void *) puk_y, 0, 65);  
+
+  ret = secp256k1_ec_pubkey_serialize( ctx_u,                    /* IN:  */
+                                      puk_y,                   /* OUT: */
+                                      & outputlen,                /* OUT: */
+                                      & puk_u,                   /* IN: */
+                                      SECP256K1_EC_UNCOMPRESSED); /* IN: flags */
+
+  if (1 != ret) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\rsecp jet: crypto package error\n");
+    return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+  }
+
+  /* in file
+     subprojects/secp256k1/src/eckey_impl.h
+     func
+     secp256k1_eckey_puk_u_parse()
+     we can see
+     byte      0: signal bits (???)
+     bytes  1-32: x
+     bytes 33-64: y
+    
+     convert endianness while we're at it   */
+                                           
+  c3_y x_y[32];
+  for (i_ws = 0; i_ws < 32; i_ws++) {
+    x_y[i_ws] = puk_y[32 - i_ws];
+  }
+  u3_noun x =  u3i_bytes(32, x_y);
+
+  c3_y y_y[32];
+  for (i_ws = 0; i_ws < 32; i_ws++) {
+    y_y[i_ws] = puk_y[64 - i_ws];
+  }
+  u3_noun y =  u3i_bytes(32, y_y);
+  
+  /* returns x,y */
+  return(u3nc(x, y));
+}
+
+
+u3_noun
+u3we_make(u3_noun cor)
+{
+  u3_noun has, prv;
+  if ( (c3n == u3r_mean(cor,
+                        u3x_sam_2,  &has,
+                        u3x_sam_3,  &prv,
+                        0)) ||
+       (c3n == u3ud(has)) ||
+       (c3n == u3ud(prv)) )
+    {
+      fprintf(stderr, "\rsecp jet: crypto package error\n");
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    } else {
+    return u3qe_make(has, prv);
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+u3_noun
+u3qe_make(u3_atom has,
+          u3_atom prv)
+{
+
+  c3_y hel_y[32]; /* hash, little endian */
+  c3_y heb_y[32]; /* hash, big endian */
+  u3r_bytes(0, 32, hel_y, has);
+  byte_reverse(hel_y, heb_y, 32);
+  
+  c3_y pel_y[32];  /* priv key, little endian */
+  c3_y peb_y[32];  /* priv key, big endian */
+  u3r_bytes(0, 32, pel_y, prv);
+  byte_reverse(pel_y, peb_y, 32);
+
+  
+  c3_ws ret_ws;
+  c3_y  neb_y[32]; /* nonce */
+  ret_ws = secp256k1_nonce_function_rfc6979(neb_y,                /* OUT: return arg for nonce */
+                                            (const c3_y *) heb_y, /* IN: message / hash */
+                                            (const c3_y *) peb_y, /* IN: key32 */
+                                            NULL,                 /* IN: algorithm (NULL == ECDSA) */
+                                            (void *) NULL,        /* IN: arbitrary data pointer (unused) */
+                                            0);                   /* IN: attempt number (0 == normal) */
+  if (1 != ret_ws) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\rsecp jet: crypto package error\n");
+    return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+  }
+
+  c3_y nel_y[32];
+  byte_reverse(neb_y, nel_y, 32);
+  u3_noun non = u3i_words(8, (const c3_w*) nel_y);
+  return(non);
+}
+
--- a/jets/e/sha1.c
+++ b/jets/e/sha1.c
@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* j/5/sha1.c
+**
+*/
+#include "all.h"
+
+#if defined(U3_OS_osx)
+#include <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
+#else
+#include <openssl/sha.h>
+#endif
+
+/* functions
+*/
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3qe_sha1(u3_atom wid, u3_atom dat)
+  {
+    c3_assert(_(u3a_is_cat(wid)));
+    dat = u3qc_rev(3, wid, dat);
+
+    c3_y* fat_y = u3a_malloc(wid + 1);
+    u3r_bytes(0, wid, fat_y, dat);
+    {
+      c3_y dig_y[32];
+#if defined(U3_OS_osx)
+      CC_SHA1_CTX ctx_h;
+
+      CC_SHA1_Init(&ctx_h);
+      CC_SHA1_Update(&ctx_h, fat_y, wid);
+      CC_SHA1_Final(dig_y, &ctx_h);
+#else
+      SHA_CTX ctx_h;
+
+      SHA1_Init(&ctx_h);
+      SHA1_Update(&ctx_h, fat_y, wid);
+      SHA1_Final(dig_y, &ctx_h);
+#endif
+      u3a_free(fat_y);
+      u3z(dat);
+      return u3kc_rev(3, 20, u3i_bytes(20, dig_y));
+    }
+  }
+
+  u3_noun
+  u3we_sha1(u3_noun cor)
+  {
+    u3_noun wid, dat;
+
+    if ( (c3n == u3r_mean(cor, u3x_sam_2, &wid, u3x_sam_3, &dat, 0)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(wid)) ||
+         (c3n == u3a_is_cat(wid)) ||
+         (c3n == u3ud(dat)) )
+    {
+      return u3m_bail(c3__exit);
+    }
+    else {
+      return u3qe_sha1(wid, dat);
+    }
+  }
--- a/jets/e/shax.c
+++ b/jets/e/shax.c
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
            u3_atom b)
  {
    c3_assert(_(u3a_is_cat(a)));
-    c3_y* fat_y = c3_malloc(a + 1);
+    c3_y* fat_y = u3a_malloc(a + 1);

    u3r_bytes(0, a, fat_y, b);
    {
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
      SHA256_Update(&ctx_h, fat_y, a);
      SHA256_Final(dig_y, &ctx_h);
 #endif
-      free(fat_y);
+      u3a_free(fat_y);
      return u3i_bytes(32, dig_y);
    }
  }
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ u3_noun
  u3qe_shax(u3_atom a)
  {
    c3_w  met_w = u3r_met(3, a);
-    c3_y* fat_y = c3_malloc(met_w + 1);
+    c3_y* fat_y = u3a_malloc(met_w + 1);

    u3r_bytes(0, met_w, fat_y, a);
    {
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ u3_noun
      SHA256_Update(&ctx_h, fat_y, met_w);
      SHA256_Final(dig_y, &ctx_h);
 #endif
-      free(fat_y);
+      u3a_free(fat_y);
      return u3i_bytes(32, dig_y);
    }
  }
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ u3_noun
            u3_atom b)
  {
    c3_assert(_(u3a_is_cat(a)));
-    c3_y* fat_y = c3_malloc(a + 1);
+    c3_y* fat_y = u3a_malloc(a + 1);

    u3r_bytes(0, a, fat_y, b);
    {
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ u3_noun
      SHA512_Update(&ctx_h, fat_y, a);
      SHA512_Final(dig_y, &ctx_h);
 #endif
-      free(fat_y);
+      u3a_free(fat_y);
      return u3i_bytes(64, dig_y);
    }
  }
--- a/jets/f/al.c
+++ b/jets/f/al.c
@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-/* j/6/al.c
-**
-*/
-#include "all.h"
-
-
-/* ~(. al gen)
-*/
-static u3_noun
-_al_core(u3_noun van,
-         u3_noun gen)
-{
-  u3_noun ter = u3r_at(u3x_con_3, van);
-  u3_noun gat = u3j_hook(u3k(ter), "al");
-
-  return u3i_molt(gat, u3x_sam, u3k(gen), 0);
-}
-
-/* ~(bunt al gen)
-*/
-u3_noun
-u3qfl_bunt(u3_noun van,
-           u3_noun gen)
-{
-  u3_noun cor = _al_core(van, gen);
-
-  return u3j_hook(cor, "bunt");
-}
-
-/* ~(whip al gen)
-*/
-u3_noun
-u3qfl_whip(u3_noun van,
-           u3_noun gen,
-           u3_noun axe)                              //
-{
-  u3_noun cor = _al_core(van, gen);
-  u3_noun gat = u3j_hook(u3k(cor), "whip");
-
-  return u3n_slam_on(gat, u3k(axe));
-}
--- a/jets/f/ap.c
+++ b/jets/f/ap.c
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
    u3_noun u3wfp_hack(u3_noun);

    static u3_noun
-    _ap_open_l(u3_noun, u3_noun);
+    _ap_open_l(u3_noun, u3_noun, u3_noun);

    // make sure these match the array below!
    //
@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 #   define _ap_jet_rake  1
 #   define _ap_jet_hack  2

+#if 0
    static u3_noun
    _open_in(u3_noun ter, u3_noun gen);
-#if 0
    /* ~(. al gen)
    */
    static u3_noun
@ -32,7 +32,6 @@

      return u3i_molt(gat, u3x_sam, u3nc(c3__herb, u3k(gen)), 0);
    }
-#endif
    /* ~(. al gen)
    */
    static u3_noun
@ -512,6 +511,7 @@
                            u3qdb_put(q_gen, u3_blip, diz)),
                       u3nc(c3__cnzy, u3_blip));

+    c3_assert(0);
    u3z(diz);
    return ret;
  }
@ -984,6 +984,7 @@
        return u3qfp_hack(ter, gen);
      }
    }
+#endif

 /* boilerplate
 */
@ -991,25 +992,59 @@
  _ap_core(u3_noun ter,
           u3_noun gen)
  {
-    u3_noun gat = u3j_hook(u3k(ter), "ap");
+    u3_noun gat = u3j_cook("_ap_core-ap", u3k(ter), "ap");

    return u3i_molt(gat, u3x_sam, u3k(gen), 0);
  }

+  static u3_noun
+  _ar_core(u3_noun van,
+           u3_noun ref,
+           u3_noun syn)
+  {
+    u3_noun gat = u3j_hook(u3k(van), "ar");
+
+    return u3i_molt(gat, u3x_sam, u3nc(u3k(ref), u3k(syn)), 0);
+  }
+
+/* fish
+*/
+  u3_noun
+  u3qfr_fish(u3_noun van,
+             u3_noun ref,
+             u3_noun syn,
+             u3_noun axe)
+  {
+    u3_noun gat = u3j_soft(_ar_core(van, ref, syn), "fish");
+
+    return u3n_kick_on(u3i_molt(gat, 
+                                u3x_sam,
+                                u3k(axe),
+                                0));
+  }
+
 /* open
 */
  static u3_noun
  _ap_open_n(u3_noun ter,
+             u3_noun fab,
             u3_noun gen)
  {
    u3_noun cor = _ap_core(ter, gen);

+#if 1
+    if ( c3n == fab ) {
+      cor = u3i_molt(cor, 14, c3n, 0);
+    }
+#endif
    return u3j_soft(cor, "open");
  }
  static u3_noun
  _ap_open_l(u3_noun ter,
+             u3_noun fab,
             u3_noun gen)
  {
+#if 0
    u3_noun pro = _open_in(ter, gen);

    if ( u3_none != pro ) {
@ -1017,13 +1052,17 @@
    } else {
      return _ap_open_n(ter, gen);
    }
+#else
+    return _ap_open_n(ter, fab, gen);
+#endif
  }

  u3_noun
  u3qfp_open(u3_noun ter,
+             u3_noun fab,
             u3_noun gen)
  {
-    return _ap_open_l(ter, gen);
+    return _ap_open_l(ter, fab, gen);
  }

  u3_noun
@ -1036,6 +1075,7 @@
    } else {
      u3_noun ter = u3r_at(u3x_con, cor);

-      return u3qfp_open(ter, gen);
+      return u3qfp_open(ter, c3y, gen);
    }
  }
+
--- a/jets/f/cons.c
+++ b/jets/f/cons.c
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
                  u3k(p_vur),
                  u3k(p_sed));
    }
+#if 0
    else if ( c3y == u3r_p(vur, 0, &p_vur) &&
              c3y == u3r_p(sed, 0, &p_sed) &&
              !(c3y == u3r_sing(1, p_vur)) &&
@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
        u3z(nof);
      }
    }
+#endif
    return u3nc(u3k(vur), u3k(sed));
  }
  u3_noun
--- a/jets/f/core.c
+++ b/jets/f/core.c
@ -13,6 +13,19 @@
    if ( (c3__void == pac) ) {
      return c3__void;
    } else {
+      {
+        u3_noun p_con, q_con, r_con, hr_con, tr_con;
+
+        u3r_trel(con, &p_con, &q_con, &r_con);
+        u3r_cell(r_con, &hr_con, &tr_con);
+        if ( (c3y == u3du(hr_con)) &&
+             (u3_nul == u3h(hr_con)) &&
+             (u3_nul == u3t(hr_con)) )
+        {
+          fprintf(stderr, "old core\r\n");
+          abort();
+        }
+      }
      return u3nt(c3__core, u3k(pac), u3k(con));
    }
  }
@ -27,3 +40,79 @@
      return u3qf_core(pac, con);
    }
  }
+
+#if 0
+  static void
+  _fork_test(const c3_c *lab_c, u3_noun set)
+  {
+    if ( u3_nul == set ) {
+      return;
+    } else {
+      u3_noun n_set, l_set, r_set;
+
+      u3x_trel(set, &n_set, &l_set, &r_set);
+
+      u3qf_test(lab_c, n_set);
+      _fork_test(lab_c, l_set);
+      _fork_test(lab_c, r_set);
+    }
+  }
+  void
+  u3qf_test(const c3_c* lab_c, u3_noun sut)
+  {
+    u3_noun p_sut, q_sut;
+
+    if ( c3n == u3du(sut) ) switch ( sut ) {
+      default: u3m_bail(c3__fail); return;
+
+      case c3__noun:
+      {
+        return;
+      }
+      case c3__void:
+      {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    else switch ( u3h(sut) ) {
+      default: u3m_bail(c3__fail); return;
+
+      case c3__atom: u3x_cell(u3t(sut), &p_sut, &q_sut);
+      {
+        return;
+      }
+      case c3__cell: u3x_cell(u3t(sut), &p_sut, &q_sut);
+      {
+        u3qf_test(lab_c, p_sut);
+        u3qf_test(lab_c, q_sut);
+        return;
+      }
+      case c3__core: u3x_cell(u3t(sut), &p_sut, &q_sut);
+      {
+        u3qf_test(lab_c, p_sut);
+        return;
+      }
+      case c3__face: u3x_cell(u3t(sut), &p_sut, &q_sut);
+      {
+        u3qf_test(lab_c, q_sut);
+        return;
+      }
+      case c3__fork: p_sut = u3t(sut);
+      {
+        _fork_test(lab_c, p_sut);
+        return;
+      }
+      case c3__hint: u3x_cell(u3t(sut), &p_sut, &q_sut);
+      {
+        u3qf_test(lab_c, q_sut);
+        u3qf_test(lab_c, u3h(p_sut));
+        return;
+      }
+      case c3__hold: u3x_cell(u3t(sut), &p_sut, &q_sut);
+      {
+        u3qf_test(lab_c, p_sut);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif
--- a/jets/f/flan.c
+++ b/jets/f/flan.c
@ -10,6 +10,9 @@
  u3qf_flan(u3_noun bos,
            u3_noun nif)
  {
+    if ( c3y == u3r_sing(bos, nif) ) {
+      return u3k(bos);
+    }
    if ( c3y == u3r_sing(1, u3h(bos)) ) {
      if ( (u3_nul == u3t(bos)) ) {
        return u3k(nif);
--- a/jets/f/flor.c
+++ b/jets/f/flor.c
@ -10,6 +10,9 @@
  u3qf_flor(u3_noun bos,
            u3_noun nif)
  {
+    if ( c3y == u3r_sing(bos, nif) ) {
+      return u3k(bos);
+    }
    if ( c3y == u3r_sing(1, u3h(bos)) ) {
      if ( (u3_nul == u3t(bos)) ) {
        return u3k(bos);
--- a/jets/f/hike.c
+++ b/jets/f/hike.c
@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
  u3qf_hike(u3_noun axe,
            u3_noun pac)
  {
+    c3_assert(0);
    if ( (u3_nul == pac) ) {
      return u3nc(0, u3k(axe));
    }
--- a/jets/f/hint.c
+++ b/jets/f/hint.c
@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* j/6/help.c
+**
+*/
+#include "all.h"
+
+
+/* functions
+*/
+  u3_noun
+  u3qf_hint(u3_noun sag,
+            u3_noun tip)
+  {
+    if ( c3__void == tip ) {
+      return c3__void;
+    }
+    if ( c3__noun == tip ) {
+      return c3__noun;
+    }
+    else return u3nt(c3__hint, u3k(sag), u3k(tip));
+  }
+  u3_noun
+  u3wf_hint(u3_noun cor)
+  {
+    u3_noun sag, tip;
+
+    if ( c3n == u3r_mean(cor, u3x_sam_2, &sag, u3x_sam_3, &tip, 0) ) {
+      return u3m_bail(c3__fail);
+    } else {
+      return u3qf_hint(sag, tip);
+    }
+  }
+
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More