diff --git a/impls/mal/step7_quote.mal b/impls/mal/step7_quote.mal
index 67b69f1e..bb3371af 100644
--- a/impls/mal/step7_quote.mal
+++ b/impls/mal/step7_quote.mal
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     (list 'cons (QUASIQUOTE elt) acc))))
 (def! qq-foldr (fn* [xs]
   (if (empty? xs)
-    (list)
+    ()
     (qq-loop (first xs) (qq-foldr (rest xs))))))
 (def! QUASIQUOTE (fn* [ast]
   (cond
diff --git a/impls/mal/step8_macros.mal b/impls/mal/step8_macros.mal
index 63672923..979f2be0 100644
--- a/impls/mal/step8_macros.mal
+++ b/impls/mal/step8_macros.mal
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     (list 'cons (QUASIQUOTE elt) acc))))
 (def! qq-foldr (fn* [xs]
   (if (empty? xs)
-    (list)
+    ()
     (qq-loop (first xs) (qq-foldr (rest xs))))))
 (def! QUASIQUOTE (fn* [ast]
   (cond
diff --git a/impls/mal/step9_try.mal b/impls/mal/step9_try.mal
index aaac76e3..515bb339 100644
--- a/impls/mal/step9_try.mal
+++ b/impls/mal/step9_try.mal
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     (list 'cons (QUASIQUOTE elt) acc))))
 (def! qq-foldr (fn* [xs]
   (if (empty? xs)
-    (list)
+    ()
     (qq-loop (first xs) (qq-foldr (rest xs))))))
 (def! QUASIQUOTE (fn* [ast]
   (cond
diff --git a/impls/mal/stepA_mal.mal b/impls/mal/stepA_mal.mal
index 14107acd..81742e3b 100644
--- a/impls/mal/stepA_mal.mal
+++ b/impls/mal/stepA_mal.mal
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     (list 'cons (QUASIQUOTE elt) acc))))
 (def! qq-foldr (fn* [xs]
   (if (empty? xs)
-    (list)
+    ()
     (qq-loop (first xs) (qq-foldr (rest xs))))))
 (def! QUASIQUOTE (fn* [ast]
   (cond