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< title > Haskell Relational Record Composable, Typesafe SQL building< / title >
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< / head >
< body >
< div class = "layout" >
< div id = "controls" > < / div >
< div id = "currentSlide" > < / div >
< div id = "header" > < / div >
< div id = "footer" >
< h1 > 2016-09-17< / h1 >
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< h2 > Haskell Relational Record Composable, Typesafe SQL building< / h2 >
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< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "presentation" >
< div class = "titleslide slide" >
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< h1 class = "title" > Haskell Relational Record Composable, Typesafe SQL building< / h1 >
< h3 class = "author" > Kei Hibino< / h3 >
< h4 class = "date" > 2016-09-17< / h4 >
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< / div >
< div id = "concepts" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Concepts< / h1 >
< ul >
< li > SQL building DSL using Haskell
< ul >
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< li > http://khibino.github.io/haskell-relational-record/< / li >
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< / ul > < / li >
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< li > Composability and Type-Safety
< ul >
< li > Want to find errors of SQL at compile time< / li >
< / ul > < / li >
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< li > Compile time schema loading and generating type information< / li >
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< / ul >
< / div >
< div id = "intro" class = "titleslide slide section level1" > < h1 > Intro< / h1 > < / div > < div id = "intro-join---set" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Intro / Join - Set< / h1 >
< p > When building joined query:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > < span class = "kw" > ALL< / span > T0.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f0, T0.age < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f1, T0.family < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f2,
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T1.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f3, T1.day < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f4
< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > EXAMPLE.person T0 < span class = "kw" > INNER< / span > < span class = "kw" > JOIN< / span > EXAMPLE.birthday T1
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< span class = "kw" > ON< / span > (T0.name = T1.name)< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > Like the following set operation:< / p >
< p > < span class = "LaTeX" > $$\{ (p, b) | p \in P, b \in B, \pi_{P.name}(p) = \pi_{B.name}(b) \}$$< / span > < / p >
< / div > < div id = "intro-set-operation-and-haskell" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Intro / Set operation and Haskell< / h1 >
< p > < span class = "LaTeX" > $$\{ (p, b) | p \in P, b \in B, \pi_{P.name}(p) = \pi_{B.name}(b) \}$$< / span > < / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > < -< / code > is analogy of < span class = "LaTeX" > $\in$< / span > < / li >
< / ul >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > [ (p, b)
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< span class = "fu" > |< / span > p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > person, b < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > birthday , P.name p < span class = "fu" > ==< / span > B.name b ]
< span class = "co" > -- List Comprehension< / span >
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< span class = "kw" > do< / span > { p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > person; b < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > birthday; guard (P.name p < span class = "fu" > ==< / span > B.name b)
; return (p, b) } < span class = "co" > -- List Monad< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > The same meanings< / p >
< / div > < div id = "intro-dsl-using-haskell" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Intro / DSL using Haskell!< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "kw" > do< / span > { p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > person; b < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > birthday; guard (P.name p < span class = "fu" > ==< / span > B.name b)
; return (p, b) } < span class = "co" > -- List Monad< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > Building a joined query like list monad:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > personAndBirthday ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () (< span class = "dt" > Person< / span > , < span class = "dt" > Birthday< / span > )
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personAndBirthday < span class = "fu" > =< / span > relation < span class = "fu" > $< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query person
b < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query birthday < span class = "co" > -- Join product accumulated< / span >
on < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name' < span class = "fu" > .=.< / span > b < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Birthday.name'
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return < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > > < < / span > b< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "intro-built-joined-query" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Intro / Built joined query< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > personAndBirthday ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () (< span class = "dt" > Person< / span > , < span class = "dt" > Birthday< / span > )
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personAndBirthday < span class = "fu" > =< / span > relation < span class = "fu" > $< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query person
b < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query birthday < span class = "co" > -- Join product accumulated< / span >
on < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name' < span class = "fu" > .=.< / span > b < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Birthday.name'
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return < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > > < < / span > b< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > < span class = "kw" > ALL< / span > T0.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f0, T0.age < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f1, T0.family < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f2,
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T1.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f3, T1.day < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f4
< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > EXAMPLE.person T0 < span class = "kw" > INNER< / span > < span class = "kw" > JOIN< / span > EXAMPLE.birthday T1
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< span class = "kw" > ON< / span > (T0.name = T1.name)< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div >
< div id = "by-examples" class = "titleslide slide section level1" > < h1 > By examples< / h1 > < / div > < div id = "by-examples-left-outer-join" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > By examples / Left outer join< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > personAndBirthdayL ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () (< span class = "dt" > Person< / span > , < span class = "dt" > Maybe< / span > < span class = "dt" > Birthday< / span > )
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personAndBirthdayL < span class = "fu" > =< / span > relation < span class = "fu" > $< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query person
b < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > queryMaybe birthday
on < span class = "fu" > $< / span > just (p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name') < span class = "fu" > .=.< / span > b < span class = "fu" > ?!< / span > Birthday.name'
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return < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > > < < / span > b< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > generates left-joined SQL:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > < span class = "kw" > ALL< / span > T0.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f0, T0.age < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f1, T0.family < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f2,
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T1.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f3, T1.day < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f4
< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > EXAMPLE.person T0 < span class = "kw" > LEFT< / span > < span class = "kw" > JOIN< / span > EXAMPLE.birthday T1
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< span class = "kw" > ON< / span > (T0.name = T1.name)< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "by-examples-aggregation" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > By examples / Aggregation< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > agesOfFamilies ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () (< span class = "dt" > String< / span > , < span class = "dt" > Maybe< / span > < span class = "dt" > Int32< / span > )
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agesOfFamilies < span class = "fu" > =< / span > aggregateRelation < span class = "fu" > $< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query person
gFam < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > groupBy < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.family' < span class = "co" > -- Specify grouping key< / span >
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return < span class = "fu" > $< / span > gFam < span class = "fu" > > < < / span > sum' (p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.age') < span class = "co" > -- Aggregated results< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > sums ages per family.< / p >
< p > Generated SQL:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > < span class = "kw" > ALL< / span > T0.family < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f0, < span class = "fu" > SUM< / span > (T0.age) < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f1
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< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > EXAMPLE.person T0
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< span class = "kw" > GROUP< / span > < span class = "kw" > BY< / span > T0.family< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "by-examples-restriction" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > By examples / Restriction< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > sameBirthdayHeisei' ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () (< span class = "dt" > Day< / span > , < span class = "dt" > Int64< / span > )
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sameBirthdayHeisei' < span class = "fu" > =< / span > aggregateRelation < span class = "fu" > $< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query person
b < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query birthday
on < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name' < span class = "fu" > .=.< / span > b < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Birthday.name'
wheres < span class = "fu" > $< / span >
b < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Birthday.day' < span class = "fu" > .> =.< / span > value (fromGregorian < span class = "dv" > 1989< / span > < span class = "dv" > 1< / span > < span class = "dv" > 8< / span > )
gbd < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > groupBy < span class = "fu" > $< / span > b < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Birthday.day'
having < span class = "fu" > $< / span > count (p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name') < span class = "fu" > .> .< / span > value (< span class = "dv" > 1< / span > < span class = "ot" > ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Int64< / span > )
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return < span class = "fu" > $< / span > gbd < span class = "fu" > > < < / span > count (p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name')< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > counts people with the same birthday, who were born in the Heisei period.< / p >
< p > Generated SQL:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > < span class = "kw" > ALL< / span > T1.day < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f0, < span class = "fu" > COUNT< / span > (T0.name) < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f1
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< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > EXAMPLE.person T0 < span class = "kw" > INNER< / span > < span class = "kw" > JOIN< / span > EXAMPLE.birthday T1
< span class = "kw" > ON< / span > (T0.name = T1.name)
< span class = "kw" > WHERE< / span > (T1.day > = < span class = "dt" > DATE< / span > < span class = "st" > '1989-01-08'< / span > )
< span class = "kw" > GROUP< / span > < span class = "kw" > BY< / span > T1.day
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< span class = "kw" > HAVING< / span > (< span class = "fu" > COUNT< / span > (T0.name) > < span class = "dv" > 1< / span > )< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "by-examples-restriction---let" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > By examples / Restriction - let< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > sameBirthdayHeisei ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () (< span class = "dt" > Day< / span > , < span class = "dt" > Int64< / span > )
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sameBirthdayHeisei < span class = "fu" > =< / span > aggregateRelation < span class = "fu" > $< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query person
b < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query birthday
on < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name' < span class = "fu" > .=.< / span > b < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Birthday.name'
< span class = "kw" > let< / span > birthDay < span class = "fu" > =< / span > b < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Birthday.day'
wheres < span class = "fu" > $< / span > birthDay < span class = "fu" > .> =.< / span > value (fromGregorian < span class = "dv" > 1989< / span > < span class = "dv" > 1< / span > < span class = "dv" > 8< / span > )
gbd < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > groupBy birthDay
< span class = "kw" > let< / span > personCount < span class = "fu" > =< / span > count < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name'
having < span class = "fu" > $< / span > personCount < span class = "fu" > .> .< / span > value < span class = "dv" > 1< / span >
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return < span class = "fu" > $< / span > gbd < span class = "fu" > > < < / span > personCount< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "by-examples-ordering" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > By examples / Ordering< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > personAndBirthdayO ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () (< span class = "dt" > Person< / span > , < span class = "dt" > Birthday< / span > )
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personAndBirthdayO < span class = "fu" > =< / span > relation < span class = "fu" > $< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
p < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query person
b < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query birthday
on < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name' < span class = "fu" > .=.< / span > b < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Birthday.name'
orderBy (b < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Birthday.day') < span class = "dt" > Asc< / span > < span class = "co" > -- Specify ordering key< / span >
orderBy (p < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name') < span class = "dt" > Asc< / span >
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return < span class = "fu" > $< / span > p < span class = "fu" > > < < / span > b< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > orders by birthday and then name:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > < span class = "kw" > ALL< / span > T0.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f0, T0.age < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f1, T0.family < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f2,
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T1.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f3, T1.day < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f4
< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > EXAMPLE.person T0 < span class = "kw" > INNER< / span > < span class = "kw" > JOIN< / span > EXAMPLE.birthday T1
< span class = "kw" > ON< / span > (T0.name = T1.name)
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< span class = "kw" > ORDER< / span > < span class = "kw" > BY< / span > T1.day < span class = "kw" > ASC< / span > , T0.name < span class = "kw" > ASC< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "by-examples-placeholders" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > By examples / Placeholders< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > specifyPerson ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > < span class = "dt" > String< / span > (< span class = "dt" > Person< / span > , < span class = "dt" > Birthday< / span > )
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specifyPerson < span class = "fu" > =< / span > relation' < span class = "fu" > $< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
pb < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query personAndBirthday < span class = "co" > -- Re-use predefined< / span >
(ph, ()) < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > placeholder
(\ph' < span class = "ot" > -> < / span > wheres < span class = "fu" > $< / span > pb < span class = "fu" > !< / span > fst' < span class = "fu" > !< / span > Person.name' < span class = "fu" > .=.< / span > ph')
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return (ph, pb)< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > specifies a person name using a placeholder:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > < span class = "kw" > ALL< / span > T2.f0 < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f0, T2.f1 < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f1, T2.f2 < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f2,
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T2.f3 < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f3, T2.f4 < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f4
< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > (< span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > < span class = "kw" > ALL< / span > T0.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f0, T0.age < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f1, T0.family < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f2,
T1.name < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f3, T1.day < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f4
< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > EXAMPLE.person T0 < span class = "kw" > INNER< / span > < span class = "kw" > JOIN< / span >
EXAMPLE.birthday T1
< span class = "kw" > ON< / span > (T0.name = T1.name)) T2
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< span class = "kw" > WHERE< / span > (T2.f0 = ?)< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "by-examples-window-function" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > By examples / Window function< / h1 >
< p > Building windows:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > ageRankOfFamilies ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () ((< span class = "dt" > Int64< / span > , < span class = "dt" > String< / span > ), < span class = "dt" > Int32< / span > )
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ageRankOfFamilies < span class = "fu" > =< / span > relation < span class = "fu" > $< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
my < span class = "ot" > < -< / span > query myTable
return < span class = "fu" > $< / span >
rank < span class = "ot" > `over`< / span > < span class = "kw" > do< / span >
partitionBy < span class = "fu" > $< / span > my < span class = "fu" > !< / span > family' < span class = "co" > -- Monad to build window< / span >
orderBy (my < span class = "fu" > !< / span > age') < span class = "dt" > Desc< / span >
< span class = "fu" > > < < / span >
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my < span class = "fu" > !< / span > family' < span class = "fu" > > < < / span > my < span class = "fu" > !< / span > age'< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > age ranking per family:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > < span class = "kw" > ALL< / span >
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< span class = "fu" > RANK< / span > () < span class = "kw" > OVER< / span > (< span class = "kw" > PARTITION< / span > < span class = "kw" > BY< / span > T0.family
< span class = "kw" > ORDER< / span > < span class = "kw" > BY< / span > T0.age < span class = "kw" > DESC< / span > ) < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f0,
T0.family < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f1, T0.age < span class = "kw" > AS< / span > f2
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< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > PUBLIC.my_table T0< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "demo" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Demo< / h1 >
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< ul >
< li > < p > expansion of Template Haskell< / p > < / li >
< li > < p > aggregation type check< / p > < / li >
< / ul >
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< / div > < div id = "conclusion" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Conclusion< / h1 >
< ul >
< li > Composable
< ul >
< li > Haskell expressions in HRR DSL bound to variables are reusable.< / li >
< / ul > < / li >
< li > Type Safety
< ul >
< li > Statically type checking makes composition of small expressions safer.< / li >
< / ul > < / li >
< / ul >
< / div > < div id = "question" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Question< / h1 >
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< / div >
< div id = "structure" class = "titleslide slide section level1" > < h1 > Structure< / h1 > < / div > < div id = "structure-concepts" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Structure / Concepts< / h1 >
< p > A simple and useful method:< / p >
< ul >
< li > Untype and accumulate from typeful DSL terms into a state monad context< / li >
< li > Typeful result (Phantom context and Phantom result type)< / li >
< / ul >
< / div > < div id = "structure-monad-stack" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Structure / Monad Stack< / h1 >
< p > Relational Record's query-building DSL accumulates various context in a state or writer monad context stack.< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > ...
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< span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > ... < span class = "co" > -- State , join product tree< / span >
< span class = "kw" > WHERE< / span > ... < span class = "co" > -- Writer, restrictions terms monoid< / span >
< span class = "kw" > GROUP< / span > < span class = "kw" > BY< / span > ... < span class = "co" > -- Writer, aggregate terms monoid< / span >
< span class = "kw" > HAVING< / span > ... < span class = "co" > -- Writer, restrictions terms monoid< / span >
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< span class = "kw" > ORDER< / span > < span class = "kw" > BY< / span > ... < span class = "co" > -- Writer, ordering key and spec monoid< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "structure-join-product" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Structure / Join Product< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > query ::< / span > (< span class = "dt" > MonadQualify< / span > < span class = "dt" > ConfigureQuery< / span > m, < span class = "dt" > MonadQuery< / span > m)
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< span class = "ot" > => < / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () r
< span class = "ot" > -> < / span > m (< span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Flat< / span > r)
< span class = "co" > -- Used for outer join< / span >
< span class = "ot" > queryMaybe ::< / span > (< span class = "dt" > MonadQualify< / span > < span class = "dt" > ConfigureQuery< / span > m, < span class = "dt" > MonadQuery< / span > m)
< span class = "ot" > => < / span > < span class = "dt" > Relation< / span > () r
< span class = "ot" > -> < / span > m (< span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Flat< / span > (< span class = "dt" > Maybe< / span > r))
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< span class = "ot" > on ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > MonadQuery< / span > m < span class = "ot" > => < / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Flat< / span > (< span class = "dt" > Maybe< / span > < span class = "dt" > Bool< / span > ) < span class = "ot" > -> < / span > m ()< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > 'query' and 'queryMaybe' return a record Projection result corresponding table forms.< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > .. < span class = "kw" > FROM< / span > ...
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< span class = "co" > -- Accumulating uniquely qualified< / span >
< span class = "co" > -- ( like 'as T0', 'as T1' ... )< / span >
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< span class = "co" > -- table forms of SQL FROM clause< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "structure-aggregation" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Structure / Aggregation< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > groupBy ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > MonadAggregate< / span > m
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< span class = "ot" > => < / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Flat< / span > r
< span class = "co" > -- ^ Projection to add into group by< / span >
< span class = "ot" > -> < / span > m (< span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Aggregated< / span > r)
< span class = "co" > -- ^ Result context and aggregated projection< / span >
< span class = "ot" > count ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Flat< / span > a < span class = "ot" > -> < / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Aggregated< / span > < span class = "dt" > Int64< / span >
< span class = "ot" > max' ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > Ord< / span > a
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< span class = "ot" > => < / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Flat< / span > a < span class = "ot" > -> < / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Aggregated< / span > (< span class = "dt" > Maybe< / span > a)< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > 'groupBy' can be used under only 'MonadAggregate' monad constraint, stronger than 'MonadQuery'.< / p >
< p > 'groupBy' returns a Projection value with an Aggregated context type:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > .. < span class = "kw" > GROUP< / span > < span class = "kw" > BY< / span > ...
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< span class = "co" > -- Accumulating keys< / span >
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< span class = "co" > -- of SQL GROUP BY clause< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "structure-restriction-where" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Structure / Restriction / WHERE< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > restrict ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > MonadRestrict< / span > c m
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< span class = "ot" > => < / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > c (< span class = "dt" > Maybe< / span > < span class = "dt" > Bool< / span > )
< span class = "ot" > -> < / span > m ()
< span class = "ot" > wheres ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > MonadRestrict< / span > < span class = "dt" > Flat< / span > m
< span class = "ot" > => < / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Flat< / span > (< span class = "dt" > Maybe< / span > < span class = "dt" > Bool< / span > )
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< span class = "ot" > -> < / span > m ()< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > adds a WHERE clause restriction:< / p >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode sql" > < code class = "sourceCode sql" > < span class = "kw" > SELECT< / span > .. < span class = "kw" > WHERE< / span > x < span class = "kw" > AND< / span > y < span class = "kw" > AND< / span > ...
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< span class = "co" > -- Accumulating AND predicates< / span >
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< span class = "co" > -- of SQL WHERE clause< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div > < div id = "structure-restriction-having" class = "slide section level2" >
< h1 > Structure / Restriction / HAVING< / h1 >
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< div class = "sourceCode" > < pre class = "sourceCode haskell" > < code class = "sourceCode haskell" > < span class = "ot" > restrict ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > MonadRestrict< / span > c m
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< span class = "ot" > => < / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > c (< span class = "dt" > Maybe< / span > < span class = "dt" > Bool< / span > )
< span class = "ot" > -> < / span > m ()
< span class = "ot" > having ::< / span > < span class = "dt" > MonadRestrict< / span > < span class = "dt" > Aggregated< / span > m
< span class = "ot" > => < / span > < span class = "dt" > Projection< / span > < span class = "dt" > Aggregated< / span > (< span class = "dt" > Maybe< / span > < span class = "dt" > Bool< / span > )
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< span class = "ot" > -> < / span > m ()< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< / div >
< / div >
< / body >
< / html >
