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489 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
489 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
:tocdepth: 2
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==========================================================
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kitty - the fast, featureful, GPU based terminal emulator
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==========================================================
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.. container:: major-features
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* Offloads rendering to the GPU for :doc:`lower system load <performance>` and
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buttery smooth scrolling. Uses threaded rendering to minimize input latency.
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* Supports all modern terminal features: :doc:`graphics (images)
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<graphics-protocol>`, unicode, true-color, OpenType ligatures, mouse
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protocol, focus tracking, `bracketed paste
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<https://cirw.in/blog/bracketed-paste>`_ and several :doc:`new terminal
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protocol extensions <protocol-extensions>`.
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* Supports tiling multiple terminal windows side by side in different
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:ref:`layouts <layouts>` without needing to use an extra program like tmux
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* Can be :doc:`controlled from scripts or the shell prompt <remote-control>`,
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even over SSH.
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* Has a framework for :ref:`kittens`, small terminal programs that can be used to
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extend |kitty|'s functionality. For example, they are used for
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:doc:`Unicode input <kittens/unicode-input>`, :doc:`Hints <kittens/hints>` and
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:doc:`Side-by-side diff <kittens/diff>`.
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* Supports :ref:`startup sessions <sessions>` which allow you to specify
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the window/tab layout, working directories and programs to run on startup.
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* Cross-platform: |kitty| works on Linux and macOS, but because it uses only
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OpenGL for rendering, it should be trivial to port to other Unix-like platforms.
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* Allows you to open :ref:`the scrollback buffer <scrollback>` in a
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separate window using arbitrary programs of your choice. This is useful for
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browsing the history comfortably in a pager or editor.
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* Has :ref:`multiple copy/paste buffers <cpbuf>`, like vim.
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.. figure:: screenshots/screenshot.png
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:alt: Screenshot, showing three programs in the 'Tall' layout
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:align: center
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:scale: 100%
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Screenshot, showing vim, tig and git running in |kitty| with the 'Tall' layout
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.. _quickstart:
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Quickstart
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--------------
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Pre-built binaries of |kitty| are available for both macOS and Linux.
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See the :doc:`binary install instructions </binary>`. You can also
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:doc:`build from source </build>`.
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You can also use your favorite package manager to install the |kitty| package.
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|kitty| packages are available for:
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`macOS with Homebrew (Cask) <https://formulae.brew.sh/cask/kitty>`_,
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`macOS and Linux with Nix <https://nixos.org/nixos/packages.html#kitty>`_,
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`Ubuntu <https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/kitty>`_,
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`Debian <https://packages.debian.org/buster/kitty>`_,
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`openSUSE <https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/X11:terminals/kitty>`_,
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`Arch Linux <https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/kitty/>`_,
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`Gentoo <https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/x11-terms/kitty>`_,
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`Fedora <https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/gagbo/kitty-latest/>`_,
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`Void Linux <https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/srcpkgs/kitty/template>`_,
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and `Solus <https://dev.getsol.us/source/kitty/>`_.
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See :doc:`Configuring kitty <conf>` for help on configuring |kitty| and
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:doc:`Invocation <invocation>` for the command line arguments |kitty| supports.
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.. contents::
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Design philosophy
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-------------------
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|kitty| is designed for power keyboard users. To that end all its controls
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work with the keyboard (although it fully supports mouse interactions as
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well). Its configuration is a simple, human editable, single file for
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easy reproducibility (I like to store configuration in source control).
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The code in |kitty| is designed to be simple, modular and hackable. It is
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written in a mix of C (for performance sensitive parts) and Python (for
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easy hackability of the UI). It does not depend on any large and complex
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UI toolkit, using only OpenGL for rendering everything.
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Finally, |kitty| is designed from the ground up to support all modern
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terminal features, such as unicode, true color, bold/italic fonts, text
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formatting, etc. It even extends existing text formatting escape codes,
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to add support for features not available elsewhere, such as colored and
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styled (curly) underlines. One of the design goals of |kitty| is to be
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easily extensible so that new features can be added in the future with
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relatively little effort.
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Tabs and Windows
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-------------------
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|kitty| is capable of running multiple programs organized into tabs and
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windows. The top level of organization is the *Tab*. Each tab consists
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of one or more *windows*. The windows can be arranged in multiple
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different layouts, like windows are organized in a tiling window
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manager. The keyboard controls (which are all customizable) for tabs and
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windows are:
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Scrolling
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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======================== =======================
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Action Shortcut
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======================== =======================
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Scroll line up :sc:`scroll_line_up` (also :kbd:`⌥+⌘+⇞` and :kbd:`⌘+↑` on macOS)
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Scroll line down :sc:`scroll_line_down` (also :kbd:`⌥+⌘+⇟` and :kbd:`⌘+↓` on macOS)
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Scroll page up :sc:`scroll_page_up` (also :kbd:`⌘+⇞` on macOS)
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Scroll page down :sc:`scroll_page_down` (also :kbd:`⌘+⇟` on macOS)
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Scroll to top :sc:`scroll_home` (also :kbd:`⌘+↖` on macOS)
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Scroll to bottom :sc:`scroll_end` (also :kbd:`⌘+↘` on macOS)
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======================== =======================
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Tabs
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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======================== =======================
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Action Shortcut
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======================== =======================
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New tab :sc:`new_tab` (also :kbd:`⌘+t` on macOS)
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Close tab :sc:`close_tab` (also :kbd:`⌘+w` on macOS)
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Next tab :sc:`next_tab` (also :kbd:`^+⇥` and :kbd:`⇧+⌘+]` on macOS)
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Previous tab :sc:`previous_tab` (also :kbd:`⇧+^+⇥` and :kbd:`⇧+⌘+[` on macOS)
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Next layout :sc:`next_layout`
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Move tab forward :sc:`move_tab_forward`
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Move tab backward :sc:`move_tab_backward`
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Set tab title :sc:`set_tab_title` (also :kbd:`⇧+⌘+i` on macOS)
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======================== =======================
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Windows
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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======================== =======================
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Action Shortcut
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======================== =======================
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New window :sc:`new_window` (also :kbd:`⌘+↩` on macOS)
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New OS window :sc:`new_os_window` (also :kbd:`⌘+n` on macOS)
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Close window :sc:`close_window` (also :kbd:`⇧+⌘+d` on macOS)
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Next window :sc:`next_window`
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Previous window :sc:`previous_window`
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Move window forward :sc:`move_window_forward`
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Move window backward :sc:`move_window_backward`
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Move window to top :sc:`move_window_to_top`
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Focus specific window :sc:`first_window`, :sc:`second_window` ... :sc:`tenth_window`
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(also :kbd:`⌘+1`, :kbd:`⌘+2` ... :kbd:`⌘+9` on macOS)
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(clockwise from the top-left)
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======================== =======================
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Additionally, you can define shortcuts in :file:`kitty.conf` to focus neighboring
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windows and move windows around (similar to window movement in vim)::
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map ctrl+left neighboring_window left
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map shift+left move_window right
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map ctrl+down neighboring_window down
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map shift+down move_window up
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...
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You can also define a shortcut to switch to the previously active window::
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map ctrl+p nth_window -1
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``nth_window`` will focus the nth window for positive numbers and the
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previously active windows for negative numbers.
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Other keyboard shortcuts
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----------------------------------
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================================== =======================
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Action Shortcut
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================================== =======================
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Copy to clipboard :sc:`copy_to_clipboard` (also :kbd:`⌘+c` on macOS)
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Paste from clipboard :sc:`paste_from_clipboard` (also :kbd:`⌘+v` on macOS)
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Paste from selection :sc:`paste_from_selection`
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Increase font size :sc:`increase_font_size` (also :kbd:`⌘++` on macOS)
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Decrease font size :sc:`decrease_font_size` (also :kbd:`⌘+-` on macOS)
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Restore font size :sc:`reset_font_size` (also :kbd:`⌘+0` on macOS)
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Toggle fullscreen :sc:`toggle_fullscreen` (also :kbd:`^+⌘+f` on macOS)
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Toggle maximized :sc:`toggle_maximized`
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Input unicode character :sc:`input_unicode_character`
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Click URL using the keyboard :sc:`open_url`
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Reset the terminal :sc:`reset_terminal`
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Pass current selection to program :sc:`pass_selection_to_program`
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Edit |kitty| config file :sc:`edit_config_file`
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Open a |kitty| shell :sc:`kitty_shell`
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Increase background opacity :sc:`increase_background_opacity`
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Decrease background opacity :sc:`decrease_background_opacity`
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Full background opacity :sc:`full_background_opacity`
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Reset background opacity :sc:`reset_background_opacity`
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================================== =======================
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.. _layouts:
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Layouts
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----------
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A layout is an arrangement of multiple *windows*. You can create a new window
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using the :sc:`new_window` key combination.
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Currently, there are five layouts available,
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* **Stack** -- Only a single maximized window is shown at a time
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* **Tall** -- One window is shown full height on the left, the rest of the windows are shown one below the other on the right
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* **Fat** -- One window is shown full width on the top, the rest of the windows are shown side-by-side on the bottom
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* **Grid** -- All windows are shown in a grid
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* **Horizontal** -- All windows are shown side-by-side
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* **Vertical** -- All windows are shown one below the other
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You can switch between layouts using the :sc:`next_layout` key combination. You can
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also create shortcuts to select particular layouts, and choose which layouts
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you want to enable/disable, see :ref:`conf-kitty-shortcuts.layout` for examples.
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You can resize windows inside layouts. Press :sc:`start_resizing_window` (also :kbd:`⌘+r` on macOS) to
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enter resizing mode and follow the on-screen instructions. In a given window
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layout only some operations may be possible for a particular window. For
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example, in the Tall layout you can make the first window wider/narrower, but
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not taller/shorter. Note that what you are resizing is actually not a window,
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but a row/column in the layout, all windows in that row/column will be resized.
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You can also define shortcuts in :file:`kitty.conf` to make the active window
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wider, narrower, taller, or shorter by mapping to the ``resize_window``
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action, for example::
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map ctrl+left resize_window narrower
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map ctrl+right resize_window wider
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map ctrl+up resize_window taller
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map ctrl+down resize_window shorter 3
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The ``resize_window`` action has a second, optional argument to control
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the resizing increment (a positive integer that defaults to 1).
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Some layouts take options to control their behavior. For example, the ``fat``
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and ``tall`` layouts accept the ``bias`` option to control how the available
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space is split up. To specify the option, in :opt:`kitty.conf <enabled_layouts>` use::
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enabled_layouts tall:bias=70
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This will make the tall window occupy ``70%`` of available width. ``bias`` can be
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any number between 10 and 90.
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Writing a new layout only requires about a hundred lines of code, so if there
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is some layout you want, take a look at `layout.py
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<https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty/blob/master/kitty/layout.py>`_ and submit
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a pull request!
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.. _kittens:
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Kittens
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------------------
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|kitty| has a framework for easily creating terminal programs that make use of
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its advanced features. These programs are called kittens. They are used both
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to add features to |kitty| itself and to create useful standalone programs.
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Some prominent kittens:
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:doc:`icat <kittens/icat>`
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Display images in the terminal
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:doc:`diff <kittens/diff>`
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A fast, side-by-side diff for the terminal with syntax highlighting and
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images
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:doc:`Unicode Input <kittens/unicode-input>`
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Easily input arbitrary unicode characters in |kitty| by name or hex code.
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:doc:`Hints <kittens/hints>`
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Select and open/paste/insert arbitrary text snippets such as URLs,
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filenames, words, lines, etc from the terminal screen.
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:doc:`Panel <kittens/panel>`
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Draw a GPU accelerated dock panel on your desktop showing the output
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from an arbitrary terminal program.
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:doc:`Clipboard <kittens/clipboard>`
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Copy/paste to the clipboard from shell scripts, even over SSH.
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You can also :doc:`Learn to create your own kittens <kittens/custom>`.
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Configuring kitty
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-------------------
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|kitty| is highly configurable, everything from keyboard shortcuts to
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painting frames-per-second. For details and a sample :file:`kitty.conf`,
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see the :doc:`configuration docs <conf>`.
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Remote control
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------------------
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|kitty| has a very powerful system that allows you to control it from the
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:doc:`shell prompt, even over SSH <remote-control>`. You can change colors,
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fonts, open new windows, tabs, set their titles, change window layout, get text
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from one window and send text to another, etc, etc. The possibilities are
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endless. See the :doc:`tutorial <remote-control>` to get started.
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.. _sessions:
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Startup Sessions
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------------------
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You can control the tabs, window layout, working directory, startup programs,
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etc. by creating a "session" file and using the :option:`kitty --session`
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command line flag or the :opt:`startup_session` option in :file:`kitty.conf`.
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For example:
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.. code-block:: session
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# Set the window layout for the current tab
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layout tall
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# Set the working directory for windows in the current tab
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cd ~
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# Create a window and run the specified command in it
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launch zsh
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# Create a window with some environment variables set and run
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# vim in it
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launch env FOO=BAR vim
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# Set the title for the next window
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title Chat with x
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launch irssi --profile x
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# Create a new tab (the part after new_tab is the optional tab
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# name which will be displayed in the tab bar, if omitted, the
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# title of the active window will be used instead)
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new_tab my tab
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cd ~/somewhere
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# Set the layouts allowed in this tab
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enabled_layouts tall, stack
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# Set the current layout
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layout stack
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launch zsh
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# Create a new OS window
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new_os_window
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# set new window size to 80x25 cells
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os_window_size 80c 25c
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launch sh
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# Make the current window the active (focused) window
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focus
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launch emacs
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Mouse features
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-------------------
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* You can hold down :kbd:`ctrl+shift` and click on a URL to open it in a browser.
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* You can double click to select a word and then drag to select more words.
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* You can triple click to select a line and then drag to select more lines.
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* You can right click to extend a previous selection.
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* You can hold down :kbd:`ctrl+alt` and drag with the mouse to select in
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columns.
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* Selecting text automatically copies it to the primary clipboard (on
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platforms with a primary clipboard).
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Font control
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-----------------
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|kitty| has extremely flexible and powerful font selection features. You can
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specify individual families for the regular, bold, italic and bold+italic
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fonts. You can even specify specific font families for specific ranges of
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unicode characters. This allows precise control over text rendering. It can
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come in handy for applications like powerline, without the need to use patched
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fonts. See the various font related configuration directives in
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:ref:`conf-kitty-fonts`.
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.. _scrollback:
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The scrollback buffer
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-----------------------
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|kitty| supports scrolling back to view history, just like most terminals. You
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can use either keyboard shortcuts or the mouse scroll wheel to do so. However,
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|kitty| has an extra, neat feature. Sometimes you need to explore the
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scrollback buffer in more detail, maybe search for some text or refer to it
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side-by-side while typing in a follow-up command. |kitty| allows you to do this
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by pressing the :sc:`show_scrollback` key-combination, which will open the
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scrollback buffer in your favorite pager program (which is ``less`` by default).
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Colors and text formatting are preserved. You can explore the scrollback buffer
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comfortably within the pager.
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Additionally, you can pipe the contents of the scrollback buffer to an
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arbitrary, command running in a new window, tab or overlay, for example::
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map f1 pipe @ansi window less +G -R
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Would open the scrollback buffer in a new window when you press the :kbd:`F1`
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key. See :sc:`show_scrollback` for details.
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If you wish to store very large amounts of scrollback to view using the piping or
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:sc:`show_scrollback` features, you can use the :opt:`scrollback_pager_history_size`
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option.
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.. _cpbuf:
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Multiple copy/paste buffers
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-----------------------------
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In addition to being able to copy/paste from the system clipboard, in |kitty| you
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can also setup an arbitrary number of copy paste buffers. To do so, simply add
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something like the following to your :file:`kitty.conf`::
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map f1 copy_to_buffer a
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map f2 paste_from_buffer a
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This will allow you to press :kbd:`F1` to copy the current selection to an
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internal buffer named ``a`` and :kbd:`F2` to paste from that buffer. The buffer
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names are arbitrary strings, so you can define as many such buffers as you
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need.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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---------------------------------
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The list of Frequently Asked Questions (*FAQ*) is :doc:`available here <faq>`.
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.. _completion:
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Completion for kitty
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---------------------------------
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|kitty| comes with completion for the ``kitty`` command for popular shells.
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bash
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~~~~~~~~
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Add the following to your :file:`~/.bashrc`
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.. code-block:: sh
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source <(kitty + complete setup bash)
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zsh
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~~~~~~~~~
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Add the following to your :file:`~/.zshrc`
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.. code-block:: sh
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autoload -Uz compinit
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compinit
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# Completion for kitty
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kitty + complete setup zsh | source /dev/stdin
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The important thing above is to make sure the call to |kitty| to load the zsh
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completions happens after the call to :file:`compinit`.
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fish
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~~~~~~~~
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Add the following to your :file:`~/.config/fish/config.fish`
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.. code-block:: sh
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kitty + complete setup fish | source
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Changelog
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------------------
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See :doc:`changelog`.
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.. toctree::
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:hidden:
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:glob:
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*
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kittens/*
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